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Begleyj John,
The diocese of Limerick,
ancient and medieval

THE DIOCESE OF LIMERICK

ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL

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PAGE OF THH: black BOOK OF LIMERICK.

The Diocese of LimeriGk
Ancient and Medieval

BY *

REV. JOHN BEGLEY, G.C.

ST. MUNCHIN'S

WITH A PREFACE

BY

MOST REV. E. T. O'DWYER

Bishop of Limerick

Xio-tum jtdijxe T3e -] on6]\A x\& liei|AeAnn.

BROWNE & NOLAN, Limited
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BELFAST CORK

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TO

My Lord Bishop
THE MOST REV. E. T. O'DWYER, D D.

This Volume
Is Respectfully Inscribed

A PREFACE

BY

THE MOST REV. DR. O'DWYER,

Bishop of Limerick.

This History of the Diocese of Limerick is a welcome
addition to the many evidences which we have of the
awakening of a new hfe in Ireland. The Gaelic revival
is at work, and its influence is felt in the quickening of
the intellect of the people, and its direction towards things
that are generally supposed to be academic, and specu-
lative, but are, in truth, the principles and sources of
National life.

The study of our language and our history is the
starting point of the new progressive movement amongst
our people, and if it is maintained will carry them far
on the road of political and material regeneration.

For many years the country has been engaged in
intense political agitation, which has resulted in some-
what contradictory consequences.

On the one hand there have been very evident and
important gams. Religious equality has been achieved
in law, if not yet in administration ; freedom of election
has been secured through the ballot ; the drastic reform of
the Land Laws has worked a revolution in the condition
of the agricultural population ; the Labourers' Dwellings
Acts, besides removing the squalid hovels that disfigured

Vili DR. O DWYER S PREFACE.

the face of the country, have given the working-men
something of a home ; and the whole local government
of the country has passed under popular control.

These are great and wonderful changes. If O'Connell,
or even Isaac Butt, were to come back now he would
hardly recognise the country as that of the down- trodden,
unlettered half-slaves for whose freedom he had striven.

Yet how strange it is to observe simultaneously with
these profound and far-reaching reforms, not a corres-
ponding advance in intellectual activity, and material
prosperity, but a persistent decay that threatens us
almost with extinction as a people. The incessant
stream of emigration, deplorable as it is in itself and
in its material results, is still more so as a symptom of
the unhealthy condition of the country. The emigrants
are being squeezed out by poverty, and by a want of
that true patriotism which a living interest in their own
country, and its affairs begets in freemen. With all our
political reforms it may well be questioned whether we
are as a nation not poorer than at any period since the
great famine.

And until, within the last few years, the Irish revival
set in, we seemed to decline on a similar road of intel-
lectual decay. Political excitement and Parliamentary
agitation so engrossed the mind of the country in an
inevitable struggle for existence, that people forgot in
the necessities of the hour the deeper and indispensable
sources of national life.

The old thoughts and the old learning — on which
the soul of every living nation sustains itself — were being

DR. O'DWYER'S preface. IX

crushed out by the hard material side of things. The
Irish language came almost to its last gasp ; the tradition
of the great Irish scholars, the O'Clerys, Mac Firbis,
Colgan, Keating, was broken, and we were almost as
cut off from the past as if we were some new territory
in America, instead of having behind us a history as rich,
as inspiring, as noble, as any nation in the world.

Between this intellectual life of Ireland, and her
political and material life, the connection is closer and
more real than many people think. There was one short
lucid interval in modern times, during the few years
that we had a National and Catholic University. And
there is nothing more interesting or more touching in
connection with Newman's attempt to estabhsh that
University in Dubhn, than the quick and almost spon-
taneous growth of Irish studies as soon as they found
themselves in congenial conditions. The seed was in the
ground. It is always there, ready under the warmth
of Irish Ireland to spring into bloom. There are any
day plenty of O'Currys and O' Donovans to illustrate
the history of our country, and develop the wealth of
her language, if they only got a chance.

Now the Irish revival is in so far doing the work
of an Irish University and creating conditions which
may counteract the pernicious influence of Trinity
College, the National system, and all the other agencies
estabhshed by England to kill the soul of this poor
country, that she is bringing materially to the verge of
extinction.

And this history of our Diocese of Limerick is the
happy contribution of one of her priests towards this

X DR. O'DWYER'S preface.

revival of Irish studies. Necessarily it deals with local
matters, but it shows them in their wider and national
import, and through them throws light on the general
condition of the Church in Ireland throughout the
period with which it deals.

In his Life of St. Patrick, Professor Bury has shown
us the importance of this setting of local history in its
place in the history of the world, and simply by doing
so has once and for ever put an end to the absurd but
irritating misrepresentations of the true character of
the mission of our National Apostle, which some people
so fondly cherished. This history of the Diocese of
Limerick wiU probably render similar, if less striking,
service for the general history of the Church in Ireland,
on which in its most intimate and less known conditions
it will throw much light.

With this wider history it is connected from the
beginning by our having had the great privilege of
receiving the faith through St. Patrick himself. This
part of the work is admirably and most accurately done.
It was published some years ago as a separate study
by the author in an article in the Irish Ecclesiastical
Record, and it is no small commendation of the fullness
and the accuracy of his information that the Archbishop
of Tuam, in the great Life of St. Patrick with which he
recently enriched our literature, has accepted it without
correction, and embodied it practically in his own work.

In itself, this itinerary of St. Patrick through our
Diocese is most interesting, and even fascinating for those
who are familiar with the old ruins of churches, and
cemeteries, and raths, bv which the author traces the

DR. ODWYERS PREFACE. xl

progress of the Apostle through the county, and with
a wealth of local knowledge illustrates the ancient lives
of the saints.

In this respect we find a good deal of the spirit in
which the Archbishop of Tuam, in the most wonderful
and often most ingenious ways, delights us by following
up and completing the narrative of the Tripartite, and
the other ancient lives, by the topographical evidences
of St. Patrick's labours.

Readers of this book will be struck, too, by the
astonishing vividness and distinctness by which local
tradition has handed down the substantially accurate
history of these ancient times. There are numbers of
unlettered persons in this city and county who would
recount with considerable accuracy the whole course of
St. Patrick's mission in Limerick, from Knockea to
Singland, thence to Foynes and Knockpatrick, and
across the county to Ardpatrick. Not only has the
religious history of Ireland stamped itself indelibly on
the physical features — hill, and rath, and well — but it
seems to have entered into the mind of the people, and
to live there from generation to generation.

Those who would wish to find a most striking illustration
of this, will read it in the history which the author gives
of St. Ita, who lives as truly to this day, in the parish
of Killeedy, where, year by year, the people keep her
feast at the foot of the Luachra Mountains, as if she still
presided over her Sisters in a convent.

In some respects the narrative grows in interest as
the author passes from the old monastic organization
of the early times, to the period when not only civil

xii DR. o'dwyer's preface.

society, but the whole rehgious hfe of the country felt
the influence of the Danes, and then the Normans, whom,
by a strange assimilating power, after they had settled
down as conquerors, it drew into unity with its own
children. Of this a very interesting illustration is the
author's account of the origin of the present diocesan
organization under the Danes, who, he thinks with much
probability, adopted St. Munchin of Bruree, the patron
of their allies, the old Irish race of the O' Donovans, as
the patron of the city.

The coming of the Normans is very well described,
not so much in the flowing style that we associate with
history, as in the concise, matter-of-fact form of an
annalist, which is not without its own force and eloquence.
About this period the Black Book of Limerick, which
up to this has not been printed, is a veritable mine of
information. One of the first uses which the author
makes of it is to give the list of churches which, according
to a survey made in the thirteenth century, existed in
the Diocese, and with great minuteness, and a close study
of localities, and a careful piecing together of scraps of
information from various sources, the author has suc-
ceeded in identifying almost every one of them. This
is good and most useful work. There is scarcely a parish
of the Diocese which does not possess one of the ruins of
these ancient churches, and their clergy and people will
feel very grateful for the light which this work sheds
upon their origin and history.

But still more interesting and important for historical
purposes is the knowledge of the ordinary working of
a diocese in Ireland at this early period, which is supplied

DR. o'dwyer's preface. xiii

by the Black Book. It is like a series of contemporary
pictures. We get the whole Ufe — religious, and civil,
and political — of the people set before us, unconsciously,
by the original author, who did not know what a service
he was rendering to future ages. We see the great
religious spirit of the whole people showing through all
the perpetual feuds and turmoil of an age of violence —
great outbreaks of lawlessness on the part of individuals,
coupled with great faith, and followed by notable penance ;
the close and living authority which Rome all through
exercised in the Church, and to which bishop and chief
were ever amenable ; the striking devotion of the people
to the Mother of God, under whose intercession our
Cathedral was dedicated on the Feast of her Assumption ;
in fact, so complete and perfect an identity between our
Catholic life and theirs, that one can hardly imagine
that it has undergone so few and unimportant changes
in form, during all the ages that have since elapsed.

W^hat the author has done for this period of our
history, which hitherto was little explored, we trust that
he will be able to complete in another volume on the
history of our Diocese since the changes in religion were
begun by Henry VIII and Elizabeth. The Rolls Series
will serve him in good stead, and give him command of
much information which was wanting to earlier writers.

•i« Edward Thomas,

Bishop of Limerick.

AUTHOR'S PREFACE.

This volume contains the civil and ecclesiastical history
of the Diocese of Limerick from remote times to the
Reformation. This is a period which hitherto has been
little known, as most of the primary sources relating
to it were inaccessible to previous writers. Since the
publications of O' Curry, O' Donovan, and recent writers
of the same school, together with the State Paper Series,
a vast amount of new and valuable information has been
brought to light and extensively used in the composition
of this work. Besides printed books many MS. docu-
ments preserved in the Public Record Office, Dublin,
in public libraries, and in private collections, have
baen utilised, and are referred to in the proper places.

When the narrative of events occasionally differs,
as it does, from our local historians, it is because sources
of information have been drawn upon which were "m-
known or inaccessible to them.

It is unnecessary to point out in detail differences
of this kind, as the original authorities for such a
divergence of opinion are duly noted. Contemporary
authorities, when possible, are quoted for contemporary
events, as it was found in collecting materials for this

XVI AUTHOR S PREFACE.

work that the popular writer very often gave a meaning
to records that the original did not warrant.

The aim of this volume is to supply accurate in-
formation about every locality in the Diocese ; and there
is scarcely a spot that has not its history, in many
instances, dating back to an early age.

The full and complete treatment of the period covered
by this book may be judged from the size of the work,
extending over 400 demy octavo pages, while the most
comprehensive of our local histories has considerably
less than 100 on the same subject.

While being minute in recording events, an attempt
has been made to preserve unity — which gives a charm
to liistory — in arranging into a consecutive narrative
the scattered and often incohesive materials of which
the book is composed.

The bewildering variety in the spelling of proper
names has been partially retained for obvious reasons,
but for the convenience of the reader the modern names
are put in brackets wherever it was thought necessary.

I have not given any hteral extracts from the Black
Book of Limerick, as the Rev. James MacCaffrey, S.T.L.,
Professor of Ecclesiastical History, Maynooth College,
is about publishing that venerable MS, I have often
quoted in the course of the work another MS. called
Peyton'' s Survey, the full title of which is : " The book
of Survey of the Attainted and Escheated landes in the
Countye of Lymerick in the Pro\-ince of Munster, within
the Realme of Ireland, made anno 1586 in the XXVII
year of the Reign of our Soveraigne Ladye Queen

AUTHOR S PREFACE. XVH

Elizabeth, w''' came into her Ma"= handes by the Erie
of Desmonde, John of Desmonde, and James Fitzmorris
warre and others their confedrates and associates."
(Chr. Peyton, 1586). Preserved in the year 1900 in the
Record Office, Dubhn, in Bay i^ , shelf 8^, number 192
in the Custom House collection under the title Survey
of Escheated Lands, County Limerick, 1586, by Ch.
Peyton and other Commissioners.

This MS. contains the names of the free tenants,
castles, townlands and woods of the greater portion of
the county with short descriptive particulars of each.
It is written in Latin.

The Ordnance Survey Letters are preserved in the
Royal Irish Academy and are quoted in the abbreviated
form O.S.L. B.B.L. refers to the Black Book of Limerick.
S.C.D.L and sometimes S.C. refer to Sweetman's
Calendar of Documents relating to Ireland (State Paper
Series). Whatever other abbreviations occur in the
book are explained in the footnotes. The Memorials
■of Adare is a book that has been privately printed but
never published, and for that reason is very rare.

I have now the pleasing duty to return my most
grateful thanks to my Lord Bishop, the Most Rev.
Dr. O'Dwyer, for the beautiful preface he has written
for this work, for the loan of valuable MSS., and for the
most cheering encouragement during the progress of my
labours.

I have to thank my able and valued friend,
Michael J. MacEnery, Esq., B.A., Public Record Office,
Dublin, for supplying me with many valuable documents

xviii author's preface.

and for his assistance in interpreting them ; Patrick
Weston Joyce, Esq., LL.D., for reading the proof sheets ■
and for some vahiable suggestions ; the Rev. Patrick S.
Dinneen, M.A., for correcting the proof sheets of the .■
Provincial Synod of Cashel from Wilkins' Councils in
Trinity College Library ; Rev. Timothy Lee, P.P.,
Croom, who has a unique collection of books and MSS.
relating to Ireland, for the loan of some rare works ;
Rev. P. Woulfe, C.C, Kilmallock, formerly my fellow
curate, whose extensive knowledge of Irish was great
assistance to me ; Rev. Patrick Lee, C.C, Kilfinnane,
for a loan of a MS. I may call a critical edition of
White's Annals of the Diocese of Limerick, by the late
Dean Cussen, P.P., Bruff.

With reference to the illustrations that appear in
the work, I have to acknowledge my deep obligation
to the Council of the Royal Society of Antiquarians,
Ireland, for the loan of many blocks that were made
from photographs and drawings by Thomas J. Westropp,
Esq., who has ably illustrated the history of the Diocese
by pen and pencil; Rev. Edward Cahill, S.J., Mungret
College, for the loan of some blocks ; the Council of the
Cork Archaeological Society for the block of St. Beretc-
heart's tombstone ; Dr. George Fogarty for block of
Tinnakilla Cromlech, and for some photographs of old
churches ; Patrick J. Lynch, Esq., C.E., M.R.I.A., who
has drawn the Map of the Diocese, accompanying this
volume, with taste and skill.

I regret very much to have to chronicle the death
of the Very Rev. Michael Costello, O.P., which occurred

author's preface. xix

on the 5th of March in the Irish Dominican College,
San Clemente, Rome, at the ripe age of eighty-two ;
instead of having to thank him for his great kindness
in lending me that portion of his MS. relating to the
Annates of the Diocese of Limerick. The manuscript
is written in Latin. I have not given any lengthy
quotations from it in that language as the Annates of
all the dioceses of Ireland will soon appear in book
form.

It only now remains for me to record my appreciation
of the kindness I have received from Mr. J.J. MacSweeney
and assistants of the Royal Irish Academy.

ScAJo^n O'beA^lAoic.
St. Munchin's,

May 2 1st, 1906.

CONTENTS.

Preface by the Most Rfv. Dr. O'Dwyer, Bishop of

Limerick ....... vii

Author's Preface ...... xv

CHAPTER I.
Hy Fidhgente, the old name of the territory corre-
sponding WITH THE Diocese of Limerick . . i

CHAPTER H.

The Manners and Customs of Hy Fidhgente . . 15

CHAPTER III.
Introduction of Christianity . ... 27

CHAPTER IV.
The Monastic Foundations . .... 33

CHAPTER V.
The Danes in Hy Fidhgente . . .65

CHAPTER VI.

The Normans in Limerick , , . . .81

^birteentb Ccnturg.

CHAPTER VII.
The Churches of the Diocese . . . .92

CHAPTER VIII.
The Organization of the Diocese .... 128

CHAPTER IX.
The Affairs of the City . . • . .147

CHAPTER X.
The Anglo-Norman Manors in the Diocese . . 152

Xxii CONTENTS.

^ourteentb Century. page

CHAPTER XI.

The Ecclesiastical Affairs of the Diocese . .188

CHAPTER Xn.

The Civil Affairs of the Country Portion of the Diocese 213

CHAPTER Xni.
The Affairs of the City ..... 235

CHAPTER XIV.

The Ecclesiastical Affairs of the Diocese . . 241

ffitteentb Century.

CHAPTER XV.
The Affairs of the City . . . . ,314

CHAPTER XVI.
The Civil Affairs of the Country Portion of the Diocese 320

CHAPTER XVII.
The Medieval Religious Foundations . . •117

CHAPTER XVIII.
Iniscathay (Scattery Island) .... 388

APPENDICES.

A. — Pedigree of O'Donovan of Hy Fidhgente . .411

B. — Correspondence between Gillebert and St. Anselm. 417

C— Corpor.\tion Lands ..... 419

D. — A Bull in reference to dispute between Peter Creagh,

Bishop of Limerick, and the Franciscans . 423

E. — Charter of Henry VI to City of Limerick, 1423 . 425

F.— Provincial Synod of Cashel, held in Limerick, 1453 431

G.— White's List of Churches of the Diocese . . 444

H. — List of Provosts, Mayors, and Bailifs of the City,

from 1195 to 1509 ..... 453

Index . . . . • • . 461

CONTENTS.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

INSERTED PLATES.

Page of the Black Book of Limerick

Map of Diocese of Limerick

The Old Bridge of Adare .

Tinnakii.la Cromlech

St. :Mary's Cathedral, I-imerick

Facsimile of Plan of Limerick Castle (civca i6i i )

Carrigogunnell Castle

Adare Castle

The Mitre of Cornelius O'Dea

The Crozier of Cornelius O'Dea

Facsimile of Map of Limerick {circa 1509)

Plan of Monasteranenagh Abbey

Askeaton Abbey

Plan of Askeaton Abbey .

Franciscan Monastery, Adare

Trinitarian Abbey and Town of

Frontispiece

Facing page 1

10

31

76

147

186

212

243

244

319

345

357

,. ' ,. 358

360

Adare before

1810
Plan of St. Catherine's ; or, Old Abbey,

Shanagolden
Plan of St. Mary's Cathedral, Limerick

Facsimile of Family Arms, etc., in St. Mary's

Cathedral .... ,

Geoffrey Arthur's Tomb, St. Mary's Cathedral ,

362

377
378

382
^86

ILLUSTRATIONS IN TEXT

KiLFiNANE Moat
Mungret Celtic Church
iNis Cathaigh
KiLLEEDY Church
Ardpatrick Church .

XXIV

CONTENTS.

Illustrations in Text — coutinued.
St. Beretcheart's Tombstone, at Tullylease, Co. Cork

KiLLOGHOLEHAN ChURCH

The Doorway of Clonelty Church

Ardagh Chalice ....

Dysert Aengus, Church and Round Tower

Kilulta Church ....

The Doorway of Donaghmore Church

Shanid Castle ....

Costumes of Mayors of Dublin, Waterford, Cork and

Limerick, about 1380
•Munster Costume in 13 So .
Medieval Church, Mungret

KiLMALLOCK ChURCH AND RoUND ToWER

Mahoonagh Church ....

MoNAGAY Church ....

Kilbradran Church

m0nasteranen.a.gh ....

Dominican Priory, Limerick

Dominican Priory, Kilmallock

Doorway of Old Abbey, Shanagolden

PAGE

99
lOI
104
106
114
118
121

239
240

247

270
279

347
353
374

THE DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL.

CHAPTER I.

TOPOGRAPHY.

The Diocese of Limerick ^ is almost co-extensive with
the ancient territory of Hy Fidhgente. This tribe was
so called from Fiacha Fidhgente, 2 a descendant of Oilioll
Olnm, through his eldest son Eoghan Mor, who fell in
battle near Athenry in a.d. 250. Fiacha flourished
in the fourth century, and received the cognomen of
Fidhgente for having constructed a wooden horse at
Colman's fair, which was anciently held on the Curragh
of Kildare.

Hy Fidhgente is called a tuath,^ a term of indefinite
meaning. It originally meant a tribe of people, but
after a time came to signify the place where they dwelt.
When so used, it designated a district with a complete
political and legal administration, and varied consider-
ably in extent. When the tuath embraced a large tract
of country such as Hy Fidhgente, it was caUed a tuatli
mor, and the sub-divisions simply tuaths. The present
Diocese of Limerick would fairly represent the one and
the parishes the other.

Being descended from Eoghan Mor, the Hy Fidhgente
were considered a free state, and exempt from paying

1 Rev. Dr. Reeves quoted in the Memorials of A dare, p. 233. See
also Annals of the Four Masters, vol. iii., p. 46, note.

2 Anns. Four Masters, vol. vi., Appendix, p. 2434.

3 O'Curry's Manners and Customs, vol. i., p. 79.

2 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

an annual tribute to the King of Cashel,^ but were obliged
to supply forces at their own expense to aid him in his
wars.

The king generally resided at the royal Dun of
Bruree, and received —

From the King of Erin without sorrow,

Ten tunics, brown red,

And ten foreigners without Geadhealga ( Irish) .'^

The territory of Hy Fidhgente was divided into two
great divisions, Hy Conaill and Hy Cairbre Eva, and
these were further sub-divided into tuaths of smaller
dimensions, each enjoying the right of managing their
own affairs.

THE HY CONAILL.

The Hy Conaill derive their name from Conall, the third
in descent from Fiacha, and were seated m the present
baronies of Upper and Lower Connelloe Shanid and
Glenquin. The sovereignty of the tribe fluctuated
between them and the Hy Cairbre.

The king was accustomed to receive from the King
of Cashel —

Ten steeds to the King of Ui Ghabhra,
Ten shields, ten swords fit for battle,
Ten drinking horns in his protective fort,
Without hostages froiu liini, without pledges.^

AND

Entitled is the King of fair Ui Conaill
To an Easter dress from the King of Cashel.
His beautiful sword of shining lustre,
\nd his spear along with it.^

1 Book of Rights, p. 63. 3 ihid., p. jj.

^Ibid., p. 85. ^ Ibid., p. 259.

TOPOGRAPHY. 3

THE SUB-DIVISIONS OF UI COXAILL.
Corcoide.

The exact position of the Corcoide sept has not
hitherto been identified. At the dawn of Irish history
Owen Mor i divided all Ireland into twenty-five parts
among his children, and Corcoide fell to the lot of his
son Bard. It ranked as one of the free tribes 2 of Erin,
at the time of the Aitheach Tuatha rebellion, which is
said to have taken place about the beginning of the
Christian era.

They were renowned for their skill in music, and had
the honour of supplyhig the court of the King of Cashel
with harpers.3 When the glory of Cashel was no more,
they sung the praises of the Earls of Desmond, and
when the princely chiefs of that house passed through
their territory, they were bound to entertain them for
a day and a night, a custom that prevailed to the time
of Elizabeth.*

Wiien Boen, the father of St. Palcherius, was expelled
from Connaught by his enemies, he obtained a home in
the tuath of Corcoide,^ through the influence of Si. Ita,

'^AiDis. Four Masteys, vol. i., p. 74.

2 O'Curry's Manners and Customs, vol. i., p. 27, note.

^ Ibid., vol. iii., p. 208.

* " Lands held by the rimers of the Earl in the mountain of
Slewlocra are named Brosenaghe [now Brosna in Kerry, near Mount
Collins], and by the rimers of Templay Egleantane [Ternpleglantine],
and Ballywroho [Ballymorrough]." The names within brackets are
the modern ones.

" Rents and duties when the Earl doth cross the mountain or take
his journey betwixt Kerry and Connelough, the foresaid rimers are
wont to bear the charge for a day and a night, coming and going."
—State Papers Series, Carew MSS., 1515-1574.

5 " Corcoic in the country of Hua-Conaill-Ghabhra." O'Hanlon
quoting an old Irish life of St. Pulcherius, translated by Professor
O'Looney. — See Lives of Irish Saints, vol. lii., pp. 339, 340.

(Boen) " Venit ad rcgionem Momoniae et habitavit in terra
Hua-Conaill-Ghabhra cum suis, in plebe quae dicitur Corcobhais-
cinn." — Colgan's Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae, p. 389.

Corcobhaiscinn in the above sentence is evidently a scribe's error
for Corcoic, as that territory was confined to the south-west of the
present Co. Clare. This will' appear more clearly when we come to the
life of St. Senan.

4 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

at whose monastery he was employed as a worker in
the fine arts. From this it may be inferred that the
district was not far distant from Killeedy. O'Heerin
thus describes it : —

Corco Oiche of beautiful wood,

A fair surfaced territory of fresh inbhers,

A fair land of best showers.

Under the vigorous hero, O'Macassa.

In" Anglo-Norman documents it is written Corkoyghe,
being a slight variation of the original.

In the year 1251, Gerard de Prendegast held of
David de Barry a half cantred in Corkoyghe, by the
service of one knight, and John FitzThomas held the
land of Gerard by the same service, which was never
rendered.^

In an inquisition, held in a.d. 1298, relative to the
manor of Novo Castro (Newcastle West), the sergeancy
or receivership was valued at 6s. 8d., which shows that
it was a rather extensive district,''

In a document called the -'Rental of Connelloe,"^
which dates back to the year 1452, one of the divisions
is styled Corkoythe ; and the townlands mentioned under
that heading furnish the first definite clue to the real
identification and extent of the ancient Corcoide. In
another MS.* called " Peyton's Survey," which was made
in the year 1586, a still more definite description of it is
given, under the title Toghe Gortcoythe, a very corrupted
form of the word. The names of the townlands at the
present day are identical with those mentioned in

1 See Sweetman's Calendar of Documents relating to Ireland, under
the year 125 1. As many references are to be made to Sweetman's
Calendar, the following abbreviation will be used in future viz •
S.C.D.I.

2 Ibid.

3 A document preserved in the Public Record Office, Dublin.
* Also in the Public Record Office, Dublin.

TOPOGRAPHY. 5

Peyton's Siirve}'-, and a good many with those in the
Rental, and the inquisition of 1298.

From the foregoing authorities the Corcoide would
be co-extensive with the poor law parishes of Monagea,
Abbeyfeale, and that part of Killeedy parish included
in the tow^nlands of Glengort, Knocknadiha, and the
district round Mount Collins, which was anciently known
as Knockroedermot, a name that is now an alias for
Ballybeg. All these places were in the parish of Monagea
in the year 1586, which was then written Monagh
Adare.

O'Bathan.

Whatever information has come down to us relative
to this tuath, is derived from Anglo-Norman sources.

In the inquisition of a.d. 1298,1 concerning the manor
of Newcastle, it is first mentioned. In the Rental it
is written O'Bathyn, and would correspond with that
portion of the county lying between Newcastle and
Ardagh, extending westward over Rooska hill as far as
the village of Athea.

In Peyton's Survey it is styled Toghe Meaghan,
and another part added on, called Toghe Yeaghtragh,
or the lower part of the tuath Meaghan, and would be
represented by the district running northward as far as
Kilcoleman, between Cahermoyle and the mountain.

Cleanglass or Cleanghlais.

Let us proceed across Luachair hither,
A journey which is fit for poets ;
To the cold and festive Cleanglais,
Of the green irriguous wooded land.

— O'Heerin.

In the year 1155, Cuilen of Cleanghlais ^ the lord

1 See S.C.D.I. under that year.

-See Anns. Four Masters, vol. ii., p. 1117, second edition. The
one quoted in this work.

6 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

X3f Hy Conaill-Gabhra fell by Ui Cinnfhaelaidh (Kinealy )
In 1266 Mahon O'Cuilein 1 (O'Collins), lord of Cleaiiglais,
was killed by his own wife, with a stab of a knife, through
jealousy. He seems to be identical with ' Macchulan '
O'Kellv de O'Chonyl, who, with other chiefs, received
letters from Henry HI to join him in an expedition, to
Scotland in 3'ear 1244.-

x\fter iVIahon's death, the Geraldines seem to have
appropriated his territory, and the branch of the family
that settled down there were known as lords of Cleanglass.
The chieftain of this tuath was sometimes elected to the
sovereignty of the tribe. The district corresponding to
the present parish of Killeedy would fairly represent
this tuath. In Anglo-Norman documents it was known
as Killeedy. In Peyton's v^urvey it is divided into two
half tuaths called Killeedy and Killheylaghe (Killilagh).
In another part of the sam^e MS. they are included in
the manor of Clenlish,

The Toghe de Tawnaghe.

There is no mention of this tuath in any Irish autho-
rity, but it very often occurs in Anglo-Norman documents.

Early in the thirteenth centur}^ Geoffry de Marisco
gave land in Waterford to William de Prendegast, in
exchange for the tuath of Maccaveni » in Occonil
(OConaill).

In an inquisition held into the property of Thomas
de Clare,* it is called the manor of Moyavenach, and its
extent is fairly defined, as many of the townlands are
given, and they are the same as those mentioned in the
Rental and Peyton's Survey. It was equivalent to tlie
present parish of Mahoonagh. In every document I

i Anns. Four blasters, vol. iii., under that year.

2 See S.C.D.I.

3 Ibid., year 1278.
^ Ihid.. year 1288.

TOPOGRAPHY. 7

have seen the name is spelt somewhat differentl3^ though
easily recognisable.

Corca Muichead.

Corca Muichead ranked as one of the free tribes ^
of Erin. O'Heerin thus describes it : —

Maclnnerigh, hero of Gems,

Over the mellow Corca Muichead,

A fine host, who constantly ramify.

Like the white blossom of the branching appletree.

In early Anglo-Norman documents 2 it is called
Corkemoyd, and Corkemoyst. It is not mentioned m
detail in any document down to Peyton's Survey, where
it is styled the Toghe of Clonehennery, in the parish of
Ballyin castellanc Corkniohur, i.e., Castletown Corca-
mohoid ; and would be co-extensive with the present
parishes of Corcomohide, Kilmeedy, DrumcoUogher, and
Cloncrew. The chieftain of this district was MacEnery,
and the family succeeded in retaining a portion of their
ancient patrimony down to the Cromwellian confiscations.

Brughrigh {Brurec).

Bruree was the ancient royal tuath where the king
of the tribe usually resided. Judging from the list of
townlands in Peyton's Survey, it would correspond to
the present parishes of Bruree and Colman's Well.

Gortculligon.

The earliest notice of Gortculligon is to be found in
the Rental, where it is mentioned as paying forty shillings
when royal service was proclaimed in Hy Conaill, and
is there written Gortcolgyn. In Peyton's Survey the
different townlands are given in detail, and they are the

1 See O'Curry's Manners and Customs, vol. i., p. 2j, note.

2 See S.C.D.'I. from 1171-1306.

8 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

same as those in the present parish of Ballingarry, with
which it must have been co-extensive.

Olyhane. .

There is no mention of this tuath in any document
earUer than Peyton's Survey. As it is there described
it would correspond to that part of Rathkeale parish,
south-east of the town.

Croth {Croagh).

Croagh as a tuath is iirst referred to in Peyton's
Survey. The name frequently occurs in the Black
Book of Limerick, and is the same as Maycroo.^ It
would correspond with the present parish of Croagh
and parts of the parishes of KilRnny and Drehidtarsna.

N ante nan.

The earliest reference to this district is in the
Black Book, and it occurs there in the year 1237.- The
name is derived from Neanntanin,^ and means land
abounding in nettles. According to the Peyton Survey
it would be equivalent to the present parish of Nantenan,
and that part of Rathkeale west of the town.

Magreny.

Magreny is first mentioned in the Black Book.* and
there is no mention of it in any document until
Peyton. In that Survey it is called Treanmoregney, a
district corresponding with the parishes of Clonelty and

1 In a document in the Black Book, page 90, Croch is given as a
heading to it, and in the body of the same document ]\Ia\Tichro is
substituted for Croch. This document is dated 1239.

2 See page 75, where it is written Mayntaney.

3 Ordnance Survey Letters preserved in the Royal Irish Acad'^.my
will be abbreviated in future references to O.S.L.

4 See Black Book, page 75, where it is written Mayrj-ne, and in
page 93 in an undated document, Magrany.

TOPOGRAPHY. 9

Cloncagh. It is called a half-tiiath, and attached to
Askeaton. There is another half-tuath adjoining called
O'Gallawhore, which would be equivalent to the present
parish of Grange. Perhaps the two originally formed
one tuath,

0^ Fergus.

O'Fergus, or Fargus, is mentioned in the Black
Book,i and also in the Rental, where some of the town-
lands are given in detail. It is called Farrensessergh in
Peyton, and the townlands correspond with those in
the Rental. It would now be represented by the parish
of Clonagh and part of Kilscannell.

Drynan and Lismakerrye.
Dry nan 2 occurs in the inquisition relative to the
manor of Shanid, in the year 1298. It is there set
down as the ' half-tuath of Poble Minter Drynan,' i.e.,
the half-tuath inhabited by the people called Drynan.
I find no other mention of it until Peyton's Survey,
where it is also called a half-tuath, and would correspond
to the present parish of Kilbradran. The name is now
totally forgotten. Lismakerrye (Lismakeery) is set
down in Peyton as containing a half tuath, and would
be equivalent to the parish of that name. Perhaps both
in ancient times formed one tuath.

Eas Geihhtne {Askeaton).

This tuath was considered as one of the unfree tribes. ^

After the Aitheach Tuatha rebellion they were dispersed

through the free clans of Hy Conaill. It is one of the

•earliest places mentioned in Anglo-Norman documents. -^

1 See page 76.

•^See S.C.D.I.

sO'Currv's Manners and Customs, vol. i., p. 2-, note.

4Hmeskefty Castle. See S.C.D.I., year 1215, Xo. 593.

10 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

According to the Rental and Peyton's Survey, it would
correspond to the present parish of Askeaton and portions
of the surrounding parishes.

DHninoyian.

Dunmoylan is mentioned in the inquisition i relating
to the manor of Shanid as a tuath. In Peyton's Survey
it is set out in detail, and would be equivalent to the
parishes of RobertstoNvn, Dunmoylan, and Kilcoleman.

Shanid,

At Shanid,2 in the year 834, the chieftain of Hy Conaill
defeated the Danes. This is the first reference to the
name that is to be found. It is mentioned early in the
thirteenth ^ century as being a cantred, and in possession
of Thomas FitzThomas. It is said to be the ancient
home of the Geraldines in the county of Limerick, and
from it they took their war cry, Shanid aboo.

According to the Rental it would be co-extensive
with the manor. In Peyton's Survey the tuath is co-
extensive with the parishes of Kilm.oylan and Shana-
golden.

Glancorhy {Glin).

It is mentioned in the Black Book * at the beginning
of the thirteenth century. In the inquisition relating to
the manor of Shanid, in 1298, it is called a half- tuath,
and also in Peyton. It would be represented at present
by the parish of Kilfergus or Glin. The manor of
Loughill, which belonged to the Bishop of the diocese,
was probably equivalent to the other half-tuath.

1 See S.C.D.T., a.d. 1298.

2 See War of the Gaedhill ivith the Gaill, pp. 61, 66.

3 Inquisition, 1282. A cantred in Cunvl (Conaill), called
Shennede. — See 5.C.Z)./., a.d. 12S2.

"^ Black Book, pp. 27, 28, 116.

TOPOGRAPHY. 11

Cairhre Eva.

The Ui Cairbre i were so called from Cairbre Eva
(beautiful), the second in descent from Fiacha. They
were located in that part of the diocese east of the
Maigue,2 extending northward to the Shannon, and
included the barony of Kenry. In the prose portion of
the Book of Rights ^ the King of Ui Cairbre was entitled
to receive from the King of Cashel —

Seven steeds,

Seven horns from which wine is drunk.
Seven swords, it is a happy engagement,
Seven serving youths ; seven bondwomen.

In the poem that follows he is styled King of Bruree,
indicating that he was King of the Ui Fidhgente at the
time the poem was composed, which would be some
time in the ninth or tenth century, as it was during
those centuries the chieftains of Ui Cairbre principally
figure in history ; and that through alliances with the
Danes.

Being a rich and fair land, situated for the most
part in an open plain, it fell an eas}^ conquest to the
Anglo-Normans soon after their arrival in the country.
The limits of the tuaths that lay in this district are not
so well defined as in Ui Conaill. The information that
has come down from Irish and Anglo-Norman sources
is very meagre.

SUB-DIVISIONS OF UI CAIRBRE.

Dromin Cleirchm.

The name of this tuath is still preserved in the parish
of Dromin. The chieftain * of the sept was king of the

1 Anns. Four Masters, vol. vi., Appendi.x, 2434,

2 See Book of Rights, p. jj, note.

3 Ibid., pp. 71-77.

■^ Anns. Four Masters, vol. ii., p. 77.

12 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

tribe in the year 1014,. In Anglo-Norman times it
was included in the Manor of Athlacca, and was probably
co-extensive with the present parishes of Dromin and
Athlacca.

O'Heerin thus describes it : —

The share of the noble Dal Cairbre Eva,
Of the Kings of Cashel, of white wattles ;
Lasting is his profit of the land,
The brave pillar, Cleirchin.

Three septs of high hilarity
Are over Desi beg of trees.

Bruff 1 was called Brug na Desi, and was in the
northern part of the tuath.

It is stated in an inquisition held in 125 1, that the
manor of Tobbernea^ was situated in Desi beg. From
other sources 3 we learn that the manor was co-extensive
with the parishes of Efhn and Ballingaddy. The old
tuath would appear from these statements to be equiva-
lent to the parishes of Bruff, Uregare, Effin, and
Ballingaddy.

Cliu Mail.'

Clin Mail was like Corcoide, one of the twenty-five
divisions made by Owen Mor. It fell to his son,
Muireadhach Mai.

According to old authorities it would include the
district between Knockainey and the Slieve Riach moun-
tains. According to the Annals of the Four Masters,
Athneasy was in the centre of this territory. It may

1 See O'Heerin's Topog. Poems and Charter of Magio, where it is
called Brug. S.C.D.I. under the year 1201.

2 See S.C.D.I. under 5'ear 1251, p. 478.

3 See Memorials of Adare, p. 280, Appendix :M.

* See Anns. Four Masters, vol. v., p. 1648, note.

TOPOGRAPHY. I3;

be the same as that Anglo-Norman cantred, Fontimel,
which occurs frequently in medieval documents.

A dare and Groom.

Adare and Croom are mentioned in Anglo-Norman
documents as cantreds. The cantred was used as an
equivalent for tuath, irrespective of extent, from which
it may be inferred that they were old Irish divisions,
though there is no allusion to them in old Irish
documents.

E scion or Eschlitana.

This district is mentioned in the State Papers as a
manor. In the Black Book ^ of Limerick, about the
year 1203, there is reference to it, and at that time
belonged to William de Burgo. Early in the fift6enth
century it passed under the sway of the O'Briens, and
was henceforth known as Pubble Brien, and would,
in olden times, include the greater portion of the present
barony of that name.

Tuath Lnimnigh.

Tuath I.uimnigh, about the noble Sionain,

Two chiefs are over it on one side.

O'Cadhla (Kealy) and O'Maille (O'Malley) the swift,

Beautiful ravens of the two inbhers.

— O'Heerin.

From other sources that will be mentioned later on
we learn that part of O'Malley's land would correspond
with the parish of Knocknagaul, from which it would
appear that this territory lay round the city m th&
direction of this parish.

1 Black Book, pp. 14 and 103.

14 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Caonraighe {Kcnry).

The hero of Caonraighe of fair land.

Is O'Maolcallan (Mulholland) of branches.

■ — O'Heerin,

It lay west of the Maigue, bordering on the Shannon.
The present barony of Kenry would include itself and
Iverus.

Ui Rosa.

O'Bearga of the fair mansion obtained
The cantred of Ui Rossa of rich course.

It would now be represented by the parish of Iveruss,
and perhaps part of Kilcornan. The family name of the
chieftain seems to be obsolete.

CHAPTER II.

THE MANNERS AND CUSTOMS OF HY FIDHGENTE.

The government ^ of the tribe was vested in the king,
who was chosen from one of the princely houses of the
two great divisions of Ui Conaill and Ui Cairbre. For
this reason the King of Hy Fidhgente is often styled
King of Ui Conaill, or Ui Cairbre, indicating that he was
a native of one or other of these divisions. If there
were more than one aspirant to the throne, 2 every free-
man of the rank of Aire had a vote. They met on an
appointed day, at the court of the Brewy, or hosteller,
of the district, and after three days and three nights'
deliberation, they selected the most eligible candidate.

He was inaugurated with great ceremony, promising
to rule with justice and preserve the ancient rights and
customs of the kingdom. All the chiefs or sub-kings
were bound to obey him, and assist in the government
of the State.

The Subjects. — The subjects of the king were divided
into different grades, namely, nobles, non-noble freemen
with property, non-noble freemen without property,
and the non-free classes. The first three grades pos-
sessed property, and were the privileged classes. A
person who belonged to this class ranked as a chief.

The nobles were divided among themselves accord-
ing to the amount of landed property each one pos-
sessed. The non-noble freemen had no land of their

1 See Anns. Four Masters, vol. vi., p. 2435.

2^See O'Curry's Manners and Customs, \o\. i., and Social History
of Ancient Ireland (Joyce), vol. i., chap. iii.

3 For this and following headings see the above books which
are furnished with good indexes.

l6 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

own, their wealth consisting of cattle and other movable
goods; hence they were called Boaires or cow chiefs.
When they had no land of their own the Flaiths or
nobles supplied the want by letting some of their lands
at a certain rent. They were the magistrates that pre-
sided at local courts to administer justice, for which
they were entitled to certain allowances and privileges
according to rank.

The non-noble freemen without property were of the
same class, but much poorer ; and if fortune favoured
any of them with a sufficient amount of wealth, they
could become Boaires,

The non-free classes were that portion of the com-
munity who had no claim, to any part of the tribe-land,
but were allowed under certain conditions to cultivate
little plots for their maintenance. The laws regulating
these various ranks of society are minutely laid down
in theBrehon Code, with a clearness and precision which
reveal the high pitch of civilization that existed in
Ireland, long before it was subjected to the influence of
foreign states.

Dwellings. — The houses of the inhabitants were built
of very perishable and fragile materials, but rich and
costly, according to the rank of the occupier. All that
now remain of them are the circular mounds popularly
known as forts, which are scattered over the country,
and generally attributed by the natives to the Danes.
Rath, Dun, Lis, were the terms usually apphed to them.
The dwelling-house of a chief was surrounded by two
or more concentric mounds, the space between the
inner circles was filled with water, but of late years
the outer ramparts of many of them have been removed
by improving tenants for manuring their land.

Where stone abounds some of them were built of
that material. These were called Cahers, and generally
gave their names to the townlands where they are founds

THE MANNERS AND CUSTOMS OF HY FIDHGENTE. 17

such as the two cahers in Abbeyfeale parish, and Caher-
levoy, near Mount ColUns. There are perfect specimens
of stone forts, but now nearly covered with brushwood,
in the townlands of Coolcappa, and Lissatotan — the only
ones existing in that locality. In the west of the county
there exists, roughly speaking, one of these old forts
for every thirty acres of land ; and when it is borne in
mind that they were mostly all intended for human
habitations, the population was of considerable extent.
They were usually built in a pleasant situation, com-
manding a good view, and in sight of each other. Some-
times they are to be found in clusters, as at Ballyegna,
forming pastoral villages, which would be the nearest
approach in ancient Ireland to our modern towns.

Residences were often erected for greater safety
in the middle of lakes and marshy places. The house
was constructed on beams of timber forming an arti-
ficial island, thereby ensuring great security to the
occupants. There is a beautiful specimen of this kind
of dwelling still to be seen in Lough Gur, and Coolcro-
nogue, near Ardagh, suggests the site of another. Judging
from the remains that have been found in some of those
that have been explored in other parts of Ireland, they
are of a very high antiquity, while some have been
inhabited as late as the reign of Elizabeth.

The King of Munster ^ had many ro^^al residences in
different parts of his dominions, where he was accustomed
to spend a part of the year enjoying the hospitality of
his subjects. The following are the principal ones that
can now be identified in Hy Fidhgente,

Bruree (seat of the kings) was from remote times a
seat of royalty. It was also called Dun Eochair Mhaighe
(the fort on the brink of the river Maigue). About a
mile north of the village, on the western bank of the
river, in the townland of Lower Lotteragh, there is a

1 See Book of Rights.

c

l8 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

large circular fort with three rings, locally known as
Lissoleem,! which signifies the Liss of Olum. King OiUoll
Olum, who resided here, and from whom it derives its
name, flourished in the second century, a.d. He was
the ancestor of the chief families in Munster.

Catherchinchon (Caherkincon), a stone fort, near
Rockbarton, in the barony of Small County.

Dungair.2 The ruins of this fort are to be seen on
the hill of Doon, overlooking Lough Gur.

Aenach Cairpre, ?.^., the fair of the territory of Cairbre,
which is called Aenach Cloghur in old authorities.

Geibhtine. Eas-Geibhtine, now Askeaton on the
Deel.

Asal. This fort was at Knock drum Asal, now Tory-
hill, near Groom.

-., . M^ .uf-.,.-4^1.::>a^i4^

.-^_

KILFINANE MOAT.

Treda na righ, i.e., the triple fossed fort of the King,
supposed to be the great fort near Kilfinnane.

Ratharda, i.e., the fort of the height, evidently the
place called in the Annals Ratharda suird, now Rathurd,
a townland in the parish of Donaghmore, near the city.

A great number of these old relics of bygone times
are still to be found in every parish of the diocese.
Though the houses that once stood within the mounds
have long since disappeared, the general outline of^the
forts has been carefully preserved by the farmers on whose
lands they are situated. In the fosses of some of^them
querns and other domestic utensils have been occasion-
ally discovered. The mounds are usually clothed with

1 Social Hist, of Ancient Ireland (Joyce), vol. ii., p. 102.

2 See Book of Rights%

THE MANNERS AND CUSTOMS OF HY FIDHGENTE. I9

large whitethorn bushes and other shrubs, which add a
•charm to the landscape in summer time, when they are
•covered with fohage.

Occupation. — The people devoted the greater part of
their time to the cultivation of the soil and tending
their flocks. Every householder of the privileged class
had some land where he raised corn for the use of the
house, and fed his cattle. There was also a commonage
where the community grazed their stock in common
-during the summer months.

Amusements.— In Hy Fidhgente, as well as in other
parts of the country, public meetings were held for
various purposes. The Aenach (fair) was the most
popular gathering at which all grades of society met for
pleasure and enjoyment. It v.^as generally held near the
grave of a quasi-historical personage, and had its origin
in funeral games. The memory of one of these assem-
, blies is still preserved in the name Ballinenagh, better
known as the Old Mill, a townland, in the parish of
Newcastle West. In the east of the county there was
Aenach Clochair, or the fair of Clogher, a place much
celebrated in old Irish legends. Horse-racmg was a
great attraction at this fair. It is mentioned in an old
tale that these races were held at one time m honour
of a visit Finn and his companions paid to the King of
Cashel. The race-course extended from the Aenach to
to the rock, over Lough Gur. The king purchased the
winning horse, and presented him to Fmn, who afterwards
performed wonderful exploits with this steed in the
kingdom of Kerry.

Where exactly this fair was held is a matter of con-
jecture. The Abbey of Monasteranenagh (the monastery
of the fair) is supposed by some of our antiquarians to be
built on the old fair green of Clochair. But this abbey
was an Irish foundation, filled with Irish monks, who
had a veneration for the time-honoured customs of the

20 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

people, and would not think of building their monastery
on a spot so dear to the inhabitants, where from time
immemorial they were accustomed to meet in good-
fellowship. The grant of land made to the monastery i
in the year 1200 favours this opinion, as it is dis-
tinctly stated that Kenelmegan was the name of the
place where the abbey was situated. In the list of
townlands in the same grant, there is one called Clughur,
now Cloghei. in the parish of Dromin, and not very far
distant from Lough Gur and the monastery — evidently
the place where this fair was held. Monasteranenagh,
may have got its name from having this celebrated fair
as part of its possessions.

In an ancient tract, called the History of the Cemeteries
of Ireland, it is stated that the men of Munster were in
olden times interred at ^Enach Chuli. There is a town-
land of that narne mentioned in the grant above referred
to, as Enach Chuli in Corballi. In an old document
Corballi is given as lying near Knockainey, but both
names have now disappeared from the topography of
the locality.

Sepulture. — The ancient Irish had two modes of
interment, namely, by placing the body whole and
entire in a horizontal or upright position in the earth,
and by cremation.

When the body was burned the ashes were gathered
together, and placed in an urn, which was generally
deposited in an artificial chamber, and a monument or
cairn raised over it. This mode of interment fell into
disuse long before the time of St. Patrick, as there is
not the slightest allusion to it in our oldest manuscripts.
The Cromlechs or Dolmen, in times gone by, were con-
sidered to be druids' altars ; they were popularly known
as giants' graves, and sometimes called the beds of
Diarmuid and Graine, two well-known characters whO'

1 See S.C.D.I., year 1200.

THE MANNERS AND CUSTOMS OF HY FIDHGENTE. 21

•eloped, and flying through Ireland for a year and a day
are supposed to have erected one of them wherever
they rested for a night. But from investigation they
are found to contain human remains, and were evidently
erected over the graves of some remarkable personages.

In the townland of Tinnakilla,i about two miles
south of the village of Ballyhahill, in the west of the
county, there is still existing a fine specimen of one of
these monuments. It consists of a large limestone flag
measuring 9 feet 4 inches in length, 7 feet 6 inches in
breadth, 2 feet thick at south end, and i foot 6 inches
at the north end. It is supported by ten brown field
stones. About half a furlong further south there is a
standing stone almost in the form of an isosceles triangle,
measuring 7 feet in height, 5 feet 9 inches in width,
and I foot 2 inches in thickness.

In Friarstown North, there is a large stone 7 feet
high, 5 feet broad, and i foot thick, supported by stones
set on edge, which being removed, human bones of an
extraordinary size were found underneath^the monument.

At Kilpeacon, about a mile distant, there is also one
of a similar kind.

Near the south end of the Causeway, leading to the
Black Castle, at Lough Gur, there is a fine specimen
still in good preservation, and near it another is barely
visible.

There is a large earthen ridge, artificially formed
and known as the ' Big Man's Bed,' or giant's grave,
near Glenquin Castle, townland of Glenmore, and parish
of Monagea, which must have been raised over the grave
of some distinguished hero whose history is long forgotten.

In the townland of Ballycommane, Cathohc parish
of Tournafulla, there are the remains of an old Irish
pagan cemetery. There are a great number of httle

1 O.S.L., Limk., R.I. A., also Dolmens of Ireland (Borlase).

22 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

mounds, one of which when opened, showed that they
are lined with a wall built without mortar, about
3 feet square and the same in depth. In the middle of
the square traces of fire were found, and bits of iron in
a very corroded state, but no bones or urn. In another,
built in the shape of a diminutive cromlech, traces of
fire were also found, and calcined bones with a very
primitive stone implement like a trowel. i Tradition
says that there were large flag-stones lying on the ground
near the same place having writing on them like music,
but these were afterwards broken up, and placed in
drains m a neighbouring field. From this description it
may be inferred that they were Ogham stones. There
are burial places, called kills or keels, as the people
pronounce the word, in many parishes of the diocese,
and must belong to very remote times, as there is nO'
tradition existing in connection with them.

At Lough Gur, near the Limerick-road, there are very
remarkable stone circles, which were formerly considered
to be enclosures where the Druids performed their
religious ceremonies. But similar circles that have been
explored in other parts of the country were found to
contain human remains, from which it may be inferred
that the Lough Gur circles were erected for a similar
purpose, namely, to mark the graves of the dead in
prehistoric times.

FuLACHTA FiANN (cookiug places of the Fianna^). —
In different parts of the territory, especially in the
mountain districts, there are frequently found heaps of
burned stones under the surface of the soil, that are
called by the above name by the farmers. The most
distinguished captain of the Finian hosts was Finn
MacCumhil, around whose name a cluster of fables has

1 This is now in the private collection of Rev. Timothy Lee, P.P.,.
Croom.

- O'Curry's Manners and Custom of Ancient Ireland, vol. ii.,
sect. i8.

THE MANNERS AND CUSTOMS OF HY FIDHGENTE. 23

gathered, the growth of many ages. Some genealogists
trace his descent from the Corcaoiche,i a well-known
sept of the Hy Fidhgente ; but the weight of evidence
seems to favour the opinion that he was descended
from the Kings of Leinster. He was slain in his old
age, near the Boyne, in a.d. 284.

The Fenians in time of peace were dispersed in com-
panies through the country, and had to subsist on the
fruits of the chase from May to November. The animals
they killed in the morning were sent by their attendants
to a place already selected, where they were to assemble
in the evening to enjoy a well-earned meal. Here they
lighted big fires and put into them large quantities of
sandstones. Then they dug a trench where they placed
the meat, tied in bundles, around which they heaped
the hot stones, and kept piling them on until the meat
was thoroughly cooked. On one occasion, when the
different companies were called together to prepare for
battle, a detachment was stationed at Askeaton, under
the leadership of Garad. Though their power was broken
and their office discontinued long before the intro-
duction of Christianity, still their romantic adventures
became the favourite theme of the bards in after
ages. In our own times many a fireside is enlivened
during the long winter evenings by a spirited recital of
some of their achievements.

Miscellanea.

The territory is watered by many fine rivers and
streams, of which the principal are : —

The river Maigue, with its tributaries, drains the
greater portion of the east of the county. The name is

' See Transactions of Ossianic Society, 1856, vol. iv., p. 284.

24 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK

derived from An Maig^ = river of the plain. It bore
the several epithets of Maigreach^ = salmon full ; Mall,^
sluggish ; and Na Mart,* of the beeves. It rises in the
borders of Cork and Limerick, flows through Bruree,
Croom, Adare, and falls into the Shannon a few miles
below Carrigogunnel Castle. " The yew tree of the son
of Aingcis, at Eas Maigue ; its shadow is seen below
in the water, and is not seen itself on the land.''^ This
remarkable sight was supposed to be seen at Caherass,
near Croom, and ranked as one of the wonders of
Ireland:

Its tributaries are the Loobagh, flowmg through
Kilmallock; Samair (Morning Star) rises in the south-east
of the county, and flows through Bruff ; the Comoge
rises near Knocklong, and after a circuitous course joins
the Maigue, near Croom.

The other rivers in the east are : — Mulkear, Bilboa,
Dead River, Groody, Graigue, Glenminnaan, Awbeg,
Keale.

The Deel rises in the County Cork, flows through
the west of the county, passing through the village of
Mohoonagh, east of Newcastle West, through Rathkeale,
and falls into the Shannon below Askeaton.

Tributaries :— Bunoke, Ara, flowing through New-
castle West, Daar.

The other rivers in the west of the county are :—
The Feale, flowing between Limerick and Kerry.

Its tributaries are the Allaghan, flowing through
Tournalulla enters Abbeyfeale parish at Goolbourne
bridge, a short distance from which it is joined by the
Eaghan river that flows through Templeglantine. It

1 G'Heerin's Topog. Poems, p. 26.
^ Anns. Four Masters, p. 1730.
3 O'Heerin's Topog. Poems, p. 118.
'^ Anns. Four Masters, p. 1730.

6 See Irish Version of Nennuis, Irish Arch. Publications, p. 220,
note.

THE MANNERS AND CUSTOMS OF HY FIDHGENTE. 25

joins the Feale a short distance to the north of Abbey-
feale.

The Caher river joins the Feale at Mount Colhns.

The Oolagh river flows into the Feale, near Purt
Castle.

The Gale flows through the village of Athea, and
joins the Feale beyond Listowel. All these rivers abound
in fish, and the Allaghan and Eaghan are mentioned by
Peyton as containing salmon. The White river enters
the Shannon at Loughill.

Mowitains.

The range of hills that rise up from the plain at
Drumcollogher, and run round the west of the county
to the Shannon, were known as the Luchra Mountains
down to the time of Elizabeth. This was a generic
term, as every district was known by a particular name,
but when the situation of such districts was described it
was said to be in the Luchra^ mountain. There is a
large earthen mound running through this mountain
from Abbeyfeale hill through the parishes of Killeedy
and Drumcollogher to Charleville. It is called the
Cladh Dubh na Ratha, or the black mound of Rath-
gogan, the old name of Charleville. This mound was
well known by the above name to the working-men who
followed its course as a guide to Charleville in the last
century when in search of harvest work. Tradition says
it runs westward from Abbeyfeale hill to Kerry Head ;
if so it must be identical with Clee Ruadg mentioned
b}'' Smith in his history of Kerry, and may have been
some territorial boundary in ancient times.

The other great range of hills in the county were
called the Slieve Riach, and are south of the hill of

1 See Peyton's Survev.

26 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Ardpatrick. Ceannfeabhrat was the ancient name of
a part of this range, and remarkable for the great battle
that was fought there between OiUoll Olum and his
stepson Maccon, who was badly beaten and compelled
to fly to Wales.

There are also two historic hills that rise like cones
from the plain, namely, Knockdrumasal, now Tory hill,
near Croom, and Knockfierna, around whose name many
legends cling.

Samhain, n-ow Knock Souna, between Bruree and
Kilmallock, is a hill of very little importance in height,
but is mentioned here as being the scene of some battles
in ancient times. In the middle of the sixth century
of the Christian era, the King of Ulster raided Munster,
and advanced as far as Knock Samna without opposition.
Cathal, King of Munster, happened to be at the time at
Bruree, and when his household arose in the morning
they saw the enemy encamped on the hill. When
Cathal discovered who they were he immediately sent
for St. Findchua of Brigown,i to help him in the conflict.
When the Saint arrived at Bruree he tried to make peace
between the kings, but owing to the obstinacy of the
Ulster king, his efforts were fruitless. Findchua then
led the Munster forces against the enemy and totally
defeated them. The King of Ulidia and his consort
fell in the battle, and were buried on the hill.

1 See St. Findchua, Lives of Saints, Book of Ltsmore, Stokes'S-
Oxford edition.

CHAPTER III.

INTRODUCTION OF CHRISTIANITY.

St. Patrick during his missionary travels visited the
south of Ireland. After baptizing Aengus at Cashel, he
went westward through the present diocese of Emly,
and Kilteely i is the last place mentioned in connection
with him before entering the territory of Hy Fidhgente-
Taking, then, that part of the district lying near
Kilteely as a starting-point, and tradition as a guide,
the first traces of him are to be found at Donaghmore,^
the name itself being a standing memorial of his pre-
sence. At Singland, near the city, a holy well is pointed
out as sacred to his name, beside it his rocky bed, and a
little further on a graveyard where once stood a church
dedicated to him, not a vestige of which now remains.

Turning to the south-west of the city traces of him
are to be found at Patrick's Well. There does not seem
to be any tradition surviving to connect our Saint with
any locality between this and Knockpatrick, overlooking
Foynes. Here there is an old church, a holy well, and
his chair, consisting of five rude stones, all treasured as
sacred mementos of his visit.

Ardagh is the only place in the south-west of the
county where the tradition of his visit lives in the

1 See Tripaytite Life of St. Patrick, translated by Hennessy. and
given in Cusack's life of the Saint ; also Colgan's edition of same life
in the Trias.

2 " The Irish word Domhnach (Downagh) which signifies a church
and also Sunday is from the Latin Dominica, the Lord's day. Ac-
cording to the Trip. Life all churches that have the name Domhnach,
or its anglicized form, Donagh, were originally founded by St. Patrick,
and were so called because he marked out their foundations on
Sunday." — Irish Names of Places (Joj'ce), First Series, p. 318.

28 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

memories of the people. Turning to the east, there is
a small enclosure in the southern slope of the hill running
between Knockaderry and Ballingarry, near Cloncagh
church, where it is said he rested for a night. Near
Castletown Conyers and in Howardstown, near Bruree,
there are wells sacred to his name. In the townland of
Ardpatrick his name is wedded to the nomenclature of
the county. Scarcely any of these names are to be
ound in the Tripartite Life of the Saint, but some of them
are substitutes for the old names mentioned therein.

We now take the Tripartite as our guide over the
same region. When St. Patrick entered the territory of
Hy Fidhgente, he was welcomed by the ruling chieftain,
Lonan, and entertained at a banquet on the hill of
Knockea, ' over against Carn Feradhaigh on the south.'
While the feast was preparing a band of strollers came
to the Saint, and asked him for some food. He imme-
diately sent them to Lonan and Deacon Mantan, who
were looking after the preparation of the repast. Patrick
feared, if they were refused, they might spread unfavour-
able reports among the people concerning him, which
might interfere with the success of his mission. Lonan
and Mantan refused to supply the suppliants with food.
Just at the time a youth was ascending the hill with
his mother, the latter carrying on her back a cooked
lamb for the king's supper. Patrick asked the youth
for the lamb which he cheerfully gave, though the mother
demurred, fearing the wrath of the kmg. He then dis-
tributed the meat among the strollers. When they had
partaken of it, the earth opened and swallowed them^
and they were seen no more. Patrick then informed
Lonan that there would not be a king, heir apparent,
or bishop of his family for ever. He told Mantan that
his church would not be exalted on earth, but should
be the home of the dregs of the people, and that swine
and cattle would trample on his remams. But Nessan

INTRODUCTION OF CHRISTIANITY. 29

who saved his honour should be honoured among the
nations. Patrick then baptized and ordained Nessan a
deacon, he built a monastery at Mungret, and placed
him over it.

The situation of Knockea is to be determined from
the position of Carn-Feradhaigh or Feradhaigh's sepul-
chral mound, which was a well-known historical spot,
and the scene of many a battle, as our annalists abund-
antly testify. There are many conjectures as to the
locality where it lay. The most reliable of our anti-
quarians are of opinion that it was situated in the south-
east of the county. But in the compound word Carn-
Feradhaigh, i the F is silent, and would be pronounced
Carnary or Carnarrie, forms that occur in official docu-
ments down to the Cromwellian confiscations, when it
is written Carnarrie and Cahernarry.^ The latter form
of the word has prevailed to our own time, and obscured
the origin of the name. Cahernarry, as it is now written,
is a well-known hill and parish, about three miles south-
east of the city. On its summit are the remains of a
large heap of stones, evidently a vestige of the ancient
earn that was raised over the grave of Feradhaigh. In
the same parish, and about half a mile to the south,
is the hill of Knockea, answering exactly to the descrip-
tion given in the Tripartite. St. Patrick after leaving
Knockea, travelled towards the present city of Limerick,
spending some time m the plam at Donaghmore, where
he baptized and instructed the inhabitants, and laid the
foundations of a church, from which the parish derives
its name.

1 In all compound words, whether the first word be an adjective
or substantive, the initial of the second is aspirated, if of the aspirable
class. The initials of all genitives, singular of all proper names of
men and women are aspirated, except surnames of families. —
O'Donovan's Irish Grammar, p. 56. At p. 50 he says, F aspirated
is silent in every situation.

2 See Abstracts of Lands under Acts of Settlement and Explanation
1 666- 1 684, p. 109. Reports from the Commissioners of Public Records,
Ireland, i82i-:825.

30 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

While in these parts Cairthen,i gon of Blod, the
senior of the Clan Turlogh, whose territory was at the
Clare side of the Shannon, came to St. Patrick, and,
after making a profession of faith, was baptized by him
at Singland. Here, too, he wrought a miracle in favour
of Cairthen, by curing his son, Echu Ballderg, from
some infirmities he was labouring under. The fame of
this miracle no doubt spread from one tribe to another,
and mfluenced the men of North Munster to the north
of Luimnech, to come in fleets of boats southwards as
far as Donaghmore of Maghaine — that is Dun Nocfene —
and he baptized them at Terryglass, where he was when
they arrived. He afterwards went to Finne, to the
north-west of Donaghmore, a hill from which he could
see the country to the north of the Luimnech, and blessed
their land. Pointing to the green isle in the west in
the mouth of the sea, he said that the lamp of the people
of God should come into it, who would be the head of
the council to this district.

This event is also recorded in the Life of St. Senan,^
and is worth quoting here, as it helps to identify the
locality whence the men of North Munster came, as
well as the place where they met St. Patrick : —

Now the chief prophet and the chief apostle whom God
sent to preach to Ireland, even St. Patrick, prophesied Senan's
birth. For when Patrick was preaching to the Hy Fidhgente,
and baptizing them at Donaghmore of Cinel Dine, the Corco
Baiscinn came with their King Bole, son of Derc, in a great
sea fleet over Luimnech from the north, and they besought
Patrick to preach to them that day, and baptize them at
once. ... St. Patrick repeats the order of baptism on
the river which was near them, and all the hosts were bap-
tized therein. Patrick said to the Corco Baiscinn : "Is

1 I have here changed the order of the Tripartite by placing the
" Baptism of Cairthen " before " the visit of the men of North
Munster," as it appears to be the natural sequence of events.

2 The Lives of the Saints, Book of Lismore, Oxford edition, pp.

20I-2.

INTRODUCTION OF CHRISTIANITY. 3 1

there a place from whence your district will be clear to me
so that I myself may descry it from my seat and bless it
from that spot ? " There is, forsooth, say they. " The
hill there that is Fidne." St. Patrick then went to the top
of Fidne, and said to them : " Is this your district to the
north of Luimnech as far as the ocean in the west ? " "It
is," say they. " Doth your territory," said Patrick, "reach
the mountain there in the north even Sliab Elbe in the dis-
trict of Corcomruod in Ninneus ?" " It reached not," saith
they. " It shall reach before the judgment/' said Patrick.
" Doth your territory reach the mountain there in the east,
that is Echtge in the territory cf Desa ?" " It reached not,"
saith they. " It shall reach after a long time," saith Patrick.
. . . Then Patrick blessed the Corco Baiscinn and said,
" Ye need me not to go with you into your country for ye
have a child in a woman's womb, and into him your country
hath been given by God. After him shall ye be, and him
shall ye serve, and this race of the Ui Fidhgente, and the
island there in the west in front of the sea that is Tniscathaigh,
is there one dwelHng in it?" "There is none," say they,
" for there is a terrible monster therein named Cathach who
■doth not allow it to be inhabited."

From both these narratives it may be inferred that
the men of North Munster were natives of Corca Baiscinn,
a territory in the south-west of the present county of
Clare, and originally comprised the baronies of Clon-
derlaw Moyarta and Ibricen. They came southwards
across the Luimnech, which was the ancient name of
the Shannon from the city of Limerick to the sea, and
must have landed somewhere in the vicinity of Foynes.
They then proceeded to Donaghmore of Maghaine, or
Cinel Dine. It would seem as if these descriptive epithets
were added on, to distinguish this Donaghmore from
another in the territory. It might have been in the
district of Shanagolden and disappeared during the
Danish wars. After preaching and baptizing them St.
Patrick went to the hill of Finne or Fidhne, from which
he saw their country and blessed it. From this hill he

32

DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

also saw the Atlantic ocean ; Slieve Elbe, the ancient
name of Slieve Elva, in the parish of Killonaghan, barony
of Burren, Co. Clare ; Slieve Echtge, or Aughty, on the
frontiers of Clare and Galway ; and Scattery Island in
the mouth of the Shannon.

Knockpatrick, overlooking Foynes, is the only hill in
the territory from which all these places so far distant from
each other could be seen as St. Patrick saw them. In the
metricali life of St. Senan, this event is said to have
taken place while St. Patrick was in Hy Conaill. Foynes
seems to be a modern form of the ancient Finne or
Fidhne. In the Rental of Conaill it is written Foynd,
and in Peyton's Survey there is a wood called Kyllfoyne
in the locality. Tradition points the route St. Patrick
followed from Knockpatrick, namely, through Ardagh
and Knockaderry, to the east of the county. Here, in
the southern part of Desibeg, which apparently he visited
for the first time, he laid the foundations of a church on
a hill now known as Ardpatrick. While engaged in the
blessed work he was opposed by the ruling chief, who
after a little persuasion, consented to allow the Saint to
finish the church, provided he would remove the moun-
tain called Cen-Abhrat, that intercepted the view of
Lough Limga, in the barony of Fermoy. When St.
Patrick caused the mountain to dissolve and formed
the pass called Belach Legtha (or Melted Pass), Derball
the chieftain became more obdurate, declaring that he
would not believe, no matter what the Saint might
accomplish.

After spending a considerable time in the territory
baptizing and teaching the people, he went to evangelize
other districts, leaving behind him well-trained mis-
sionaries, as was his custom, to organize and minister
to the spiritual wants of the newly-formed Christian
community.

1 Colgan, Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae, 8th March.

CHAPTER IV.

THE MONASTIC FOUNDATIONS.
MUNGRET.

MuNGRET is the oldest and, perhaps, the most celebrated
of the monastic schools that sprang up in the territory
under the benign influence of Christianity. It was
situated on a rising eminence overlooking the Shannon,

MUNGRET CELTIC CHURCH.

about three miles south-west of the city. The place
where it stood is now marked by the ruins of three
ancient churches. The oldest of these venerable relics
of antiquity is the one on the roadside. Its style of
architecture is that which was prevalent in Ireland
during the tenth century. It measures inside about
41 feet in length and 23 in breadth ; the walls are in a

34 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

fair state of preservation, being repaired some years ago
by the Board of Works. The side walls are 2 feet 10
inches in thickness, 14 feet in height, and built of good
stones, cemented with excellent mortar. The gables are
remarkably high and sharp pointed, the doorway is in
the western gable, after the fashion of the Irish churches
It is 6 feet 8 inches in height ; at bottom 3 feet 7 inches
in width, at the top 3 feet 4 inches, and it is covered
with a lintel 7 feet 10 inches in length, i foot 4 inches in
depth, extending i foot 9 inches into the thickness of
the wall. There were two windows in the south side,
both, however, now filled up, but the round head of one
is still visible. In the eastern gable there is a rude
round-headed window, about 10 feet from the ground.

A little ti the south of this building are the ruins
of another small church, about 14 feet wide in the inside.
The length cannot now be determined, as the western
gable has long since disappeared, and in its place a
modern wall has been erected. The walls are built of
large square stones cemented with mortar, and are about
2 feet 6 inches in thickness. This ruin is considered to
be of later date than the one already described. The
remaining church belongs to the Anglo-Norman period,
where it will be noticed.

Very little is known about St. Nessan after establish-
ing his monastery, except what can be gleaned from
incidental allusions in the lives of some of his holy
contemporaries.

St. Cuimen of Down says that he never told a lie
out of his mouth : —

Nessan the holy deacon,
Angelic pure devotion,
Never came outside his teeth
What was untrue or guileful.

By another authority he is compared to Laurentius
the deacon, in his habits of life. It is stated that on one

THE MONASTIC FOUNDATIONS. 35

occasion he paid a visit to St. Ailbe of Emly.i to know
whether a monk should receive or reject the offerings of
the faithful. When Nessan arrived at the monastery
it was the hour of None, and the community were chant-
ing the office in the church. Nessan declined to go
into the guest-house until he should see Ailbe and put
him the question. Ailbe, however, continued in prayer
from the hour of None until Tierce the next day, and
no one went into him except the guest-master. At
length he gave an answer to Nessan. " Go," said he,
" and tell Nessan this verse : —

Gifts of God are not to be refused
(But) possession is not to be retained of them
If they are offered you shall accept them,
But you shall not boast (of) you shall not conceal (them)." ^
He is classed among the second order of Irish saints,
and never aspired to a higher rank in the Church than
that of deacon. He had a great reputation for learning
and sanctity. Cummian Foda, in his Paschal epistle,
refers to him as one of the Fathers of the Irish Church.
He died on 25th July, a.d. 551.

Dr. Lanigan3 is of opinion that the statements re-
garding our Saint's connection with St. Patrick cannot
be true, as Nessan, according to that, would be 140
years old when he died. But when it is remembered
that the learned Doctor fixed the death of St. Patrick
at the year 465, instead of 493, the more probable
date, the difficulty disappears.

The history of the monastery from Nessan's death
to its dissolution is very meagre, consisting chiefly of
short entries, broken lights, to show that it still flourished.
The following are the principal events that occur in the
Annals relating to it.

1 Life of St. Ailbe, A. S. Hib. ex Codice Salmanticcnsi, p. 21:7.

2 See Most Rev. Dr. Healy's lyeland's Schools and Scholars, p. 508,

3 See Dr., now Cardinal Morau's Essays on the Early Irish Church,
chap, iv., p. 46.

36 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

A.D. 752. Bodhghal, son of Fergal, Abbot of Mungret
was killed.

A.D. 762. Ailill, son ofCreevaghan, Abbot of Mungret, died.

A.D. 820. Mungret destroyed and plundered by the Danes.

A.D. 834. Mungret plundered by the Danes.

A.D. 840. Again burned and wasted by the Danes.

A.D. 843. Again burned and wasted by the Danes.

A.D. 903. Cormac MacCullenan, Archbishop of Cashel
and King of Munster, did by his last will bequeath to the
Abbey three ounces of gold, an embroidered vestment, and
his blessing.

A.D. 909. Mulcashel Abbot, died.

A.D. 993. Muirgheas, son of Muireadach, Abbot of
Mungret, died.

Reachan, son of Dunchad Erenach, died.
Caicher, son of Maenach, Abbot of Mungret,

NiaL son of Deargan Erenach, died.
Died, Art O'Donoghoe Erenach, of the Abbey

Con O'Mulpatrick Erenach of Mungret and
Dysert Enos, died.

A.D. 1070. Casey, son of Carbury, Abbot of Mungret,
head of the clergy of Munster, died.

A.D. 1080. The Abbey suffered much this year from fire.

A.D. 1088. Donal McLoughlain, with the forces of Ulster,
destroyed this Abbey.

A.D. 1 100. Con, son of Gillaboy, Abbot of Mungret, a
wise Doctor, head of the clergy of Ireland, died.

A.D. 1102. On the 5th of October, died, at this Abbey,
the blessed Mugron O'Morgair, principal professor of Divinity
of Armagh, and of all the West of Europe. He was father
of Malachy, Archbishop of Armagh.

A.D. 1107. Mungret plundered by Murtagh O'Brien.

A.D. 1 134. The Chronicon Scotoritm says a shower of hail-
stones fell which destroyed everything on which it fell from
Mungret to Limerick ; each of them was the size of an apple.
A.D. 1837. An old Irish bell was dug up at Loughmore

A.D.

994.

A.D.

1006.

died.

A.D.

IOI4.

A.D.

1028.

of Mun

gret.

A.D.

1033-

THE MONASTIC FOUNDATIONS. 37

beside the abbey. It was of very rude workmanship, and
composed of mixed metal hammered and riveted together,
but much corroded by time. A drawing of it may be seen
in the Dubhn Penny Journal.

In early times there were six churches attached to this
monastery and 1,500 monks in its cloisters ; of these one-
third were preachers, one-third were constantly engaged in
celebrating the Divine Office, and the remaining third were
employed in the schools or labouring for the community.

According to tradition the learning of the Mungret
women was proverbial, as we learn from the following
story which has come down to us. A controversy arose
between Mungret and a neighbouring school as to which
of them were the most learned. It was agreed that the
most scholarly of both parties should meet at Mungret
on a given day, and hold a public disputation. As the
time drew near the Mungret scholars, to make sure of
victory, had recourse to stratagem.

A number of them, dressed as women, went to a
neighbouring stream, and began washing clothes at a
point where they were sure to meet their rivals coming
to the monastery. They were not long engaged at the
work when the strangers came and accosted the washer-
women in the vernacular, but they were answered in Latin
and Greek. The visitors were greatly surprised to find
that the washerwomen of the locality showed such
familiarity with the classic languages, and enquired how
they came to be so well instructed. " Oh," said they,
"' everybody about here speaks Latin and Greek, mere
crumbs from the monks' table. Would you like to have
a talk about philosophy and theology with us ? " When
the visitors saw such learning displayed by the women,
they naturally concluded that the monks would have
an easy victory over them. To avoid defeat they pru-
dently returned home, leaving the victory to the " wise
women of Mungret." ^

1 See interesting essay " Mungret Abbey," Journal, R.S.A.I., 18S9.

38

DIOCESE OF LIMERICK

Inis Cathaigh.
When the men of Corca Baiscinn i had received the
sacrament of Baptism, and felt the joy of God's grace
in their hearts, they earnestly implored St. Patrick to
cross the Shannon with them, and communicate the
same blessings to their wives and children. He declined
the invitation, as he could not leave the Hy Fidhgente
until they were more fully instructed and provided with
churches and good pastors. Being filled at the same time

INIS CATHAIGH.

with the spirit of prophecy, he said there was no need
that he should visit their country in person, since God
had already provided an illustrious and beloved patron,
who in the course of time would be born among them.
His name would be Senan. He would not alone be a
patron to them, but also to the Hy Fidhgente, and
after his own departure, by the grace of God, Senan
would be their bishop. Senan was born about the

1 Colgan, A. S. Hib. Secunda Vita S. Senani. I mav remark
that the page is marked 612, but it should be 530; also O'Hanlon,
I.ivei of Irish Saints, 8th March, vol. iii.

THE MONASTIC FOUNDATIONS. 39

year 488 of noble and Christian parents, named Ercan
and Comgella, at Magh Lacha, about four miles north-
east of Kilrush, where a lake and ancient church still
bear his name.

From his childhood he was remarkable for great self-
denial, and the practice of every virtue. His father,
Ercan, though of noble birth was still a subject, and
bound to send his son in the hostings of the chief. This
was much against the will of the holy youth, who loved
a quiet and retired life rather than that of a soldier.
He had, however, to join his clansmen in an expedition
against the neighbouring territory of Corcomroe. Instead
of taking part in the pillage he hid himself in a stack of
corn, where he fell asleep and was discovered by the
enemy after his clansmen had retired. They were
attracted to the place by a bright light that shone
round it.

When found he immediately acknowledged that he
was one of the invading army. But his manner and
the wonderful circumstances just mentioned convinced
the men that the boy was a friend of heaven, and enraged
though they were, they allowed him to depart in peace.

Some years after this occurrence, owing to a singular
manifestation of Providence in his favour, Senan resolved
to quit the world, and devote the remainder of his life
to the service of God.

Accordingly, he placed himself under a holy abbot
named Cassidan, that resided in the western part of
his native territory. Here he went through his earlier
studies and religious exercises until he received the
monastic habit. He then betook himself to the school
of St. Natahs, Abbot of Kilmanagh, in Ossory. During
his sojourn in this retreat he worked many miracles,
which showed that in the designs of Providence he was
destined to fill a higher office than that of an ordinary
monk. After leaving this abode of sanctity he travelled

40 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

to Rome and Tours. On his way home he paid a visit
to St. David of Menevia, with whom he formed a Hfe-
long friendship. From the fact of St. David presenting
him with a crozier it is conjectured that Senan became
a bishop during his wanderings abroad.

On his return to Ireland he landed at the great island
in Cork harbour, proceeded thence to Iniscarra on the
river Lee, where he founded a monastery, and placed
one of his disciples over this new foundation, leaving
himself free to continue his missionary labours elsewhere.

We next find him settled in an island on the Shannon,
called Inisluinghe, where he built a church. While here
two daughters of Brendan, chieftain of Hy Fidhgente,
came to him, and consecrated themselves to God by
religious vows. They are styled the first fruits of the
Eoghanachts of Gabhra that he consecrated to the service
of God. After their religious profession he bestowed
great care in properly instructing them in monastic dis-
cipline. He then removed to another island, supposed
to be Deer Island at the mouth of the Fergus, where he
established a religious community.

After founding many such houses he finahy selected
Inis Cathaigh (Scattery Island) as a permanent home
for the remaining years of his life.

A fierce monster kept possession of the island pre-
venting man or beast from living in it. Nothing daunted,
Senan landed, and after a brisk encounter succeeded in
driving this ferocious beast from the island.

When Mactail, the ruler of the Hy Fidhgente, who
was still a pagan and a cruel tyrant as his actions show,
heard that the monster was destroyed, he immediately
claimed the island as part of his territory, and ordered
the Saint to leave at once. Senan refused to obey such
a peremptory command. Mactail, to punish the Saint,
ordered some of his soldiers, together with two of Senan's
brothers, to proceed to the island and eject him by

THE MONASTIC FOUNDATIONS„ 4I

force. They failed to execute the order. Mactail then
employed his druid, and finally came himself to the
island, wickedly declaring that he cared no more for
Senan and his God, than he did for a shorn sheep. Next
day, still intent on his wicked purpose, as he was passing
the confines of a wood a shorn sheep frightened his
chariot horses, who took flight, overturning the chariot,
and killing Mactail on the spot.

Ciaran of Clonmacnois, and Brendan of Birr, paid
a visit to Inis Cathaigh, and made Senan their confessor.
When they arrived at the monastery there was a scarcity
of food, which was soon supplied by Nectan Kennfhoda,
prince of Hy Fidhgente, who brought a boatful of pro-
visions to the island. The Saints met him on the shore,
and after a hearty welcome they blessed him and his
posterity.

Senan lived during the time of the second order of
Irish Saints, and strictly observed the rule forbidding
women to enter the enclosure of the monastery.

St. Cannera, a native of Bantry, feeling her end
approaching, wished to receive the Holy Viaticum from
Senan, and a grave in the island, in consequence of a
vision she had. When she came near the island her
landing was opposed by the Saint as contrary to rule,
but she was advised to go to his mother, who lived near,
where she would be hospitably received. Cannera, how-
ever, succeded, after some persuasion, in effecting her
purpose. After receiving the last Sacraments, she ex-
pired, and was buried near the sea shore, where her
grave is still pointed out.

After a life of prayer and penance our Saint was
returning from a visit to the relics of St. Cassidan, his
old preceptor, when he felt death coming upon him. He
turned aside to a convent of nuns called Killeochaille,
where he died the death of the just, on the ist of March,
about the year 544, though his feast is kept on the 8th.

42 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Next day his remains were removed to Iniscathy. His
obsequies were attended by a great number of bishops
and clergy, and lasted for eight days.

Senan's Episcopacy.

As already stated St. Patrick foretold that Senan
would be Bishop i of Corca Baiscinn and Hy Fidhgente
in years to come. This prophecy is recorded in the lives
of both Saints. It may be objected to as an interpola-
tion of after ages, when these lives were remodelled as
some critics assert. If so, it only proves that the Abbot
of Inis Cathaigh then exercised jurisdiction over these
territories, and perhaps was given as an explanation of
how it originated. Either view tells in favour of Inis
Cathaigh. A good deal of evidence may be adduced to
show that Senan and his successors were the spiritual
rulers of Hy Fidhgente.

The religious reception of the daughters of Brendan,
ruler of this territory, is the first episcopal act recorded
of him after returning to Ireland. He acquired a per-
manent settlement in Scattery, an island belonging to
the same territory. When Ciaran and Brendan visited
Senan there was a scarcity of food in the monastery,
which was supplied by the ruling chieftain of Hy Fidh-
gente. If we divest this occurrence of the extraordinary
circumstances related in the life of Senan, the chieftain
appears to have only discharged an obligation imposed
by Brehon law.'-

The biographer of St. Ita mentions that she was
adopted Patroness 3 of Hy Connail ; he is careful, however,
to add that Senan was also Patron of the same district.

iColgan, Vita Secunda. — Trip. Life of St. Patrick.

■^Ancient Laws of Ireland, vol. iii., pp. liii. and 30-35.

3"Tu (Ita) enim patrona gentis Hua Conaill eris quae gens tibi
et S. Senano data est a Domino." An angel is supposed to have
spoken this to St. Ita.— See Colgan, 15 Jan., chap. vi.

THE MONASTIC FOUNDATIONS. 45

The organization of the Irish Church was modelled
on the tribal system, and the land set aside for the
maintenance of the Church was vested in the Patron
and his successors, which placed him at the head of an
artificiai clan within the tribe. As time went on the
spiritual and temporal sway of the territory became
vested in the successor of the Patron.

Flaherty, Abbot of Scattery, was chief councillor to
Cormac MacCuillenan, and after that king-bishop's death
he became King of Munster. According to the laws of
the country, he must have had some secular standing to
elevate him to such a position besides being Abbot of
Iniscathy. The only Eugenian tribe that he seems to
be connected with was the Hy Fidhgente, and that
owing to the office he held in the monastery of
Iniscathy.

This monastery was an episcopal foundation, and the
successors of Senan that are mentioned in the Annals,
namely, Odran, who flourished in a.d. 580, and Aidan,
who died in a.d. 651, are styled bishops, as the religious
communities endeavoured to have a superior as like as
possible to the founder. In the same way the monas-
teries that were founded by priests usually had the
abbot of the same ecclesiastical rank, though, occasion-
ally owing to the rules governing the election and the
confusion of the times, the idea could not always be
carried out. During the Danish wars Iniscathy suffered
severely, and the election of a superior must oftentimes
have been accomplished under great difficulties. Hence,
in 861, there is mention of another Aidan as Abbot, the
title by which the heads of this religious house were
known during the tenth century. They may have been
bishops also. But when peace was restored after the
subjection of the Danes, any of the superiors that are
mentioned in our Annals down to the final suppression
of the see are called bishops.

44

DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

CILLEEDV CHURCI

Killccdy.

In the western angle of the great plain south of
Newcastle West once stood the flourishing monastery of
St. Ita,i " the white sun of the women of Munster." She
was born in the Desi territory, which was situated in the
present county of Waterford, and perhaps at Rossmide,
where she is still venerated.

Her father was of noble origin, being descended from
Felim the Lawgiver, at one time monarch of Erin. The
exact date of her birth has not been ascertained, but
judging from the fact that she was foster-mother of St.
Brendan, it must have taken place about a.d. 470,
or earlier.

Her Christian name was Dorothea, 2 but owing to
her great thirst for heavenly things, it was changed by

iFi7aS/.7/a, 15th Jan. Colgan, J.S.7/. O'Hanlon, vol.
2 Colgan, A.S.H., p. 72.

15 Jc

THE MONASTIC FOUNDATIONS. 45

one of her disciples into Ita.i By this and its various
forms, Ida, Ide, Mide,2 she was known in her own and
succeeding ages. The variations in the name are thus
explained. Where the ancient writers use t the modern
use d, hence the change of Ite into Ide. When a saint
was held in special veneration by the people they pre-
fixed the monosyllable mo, signifying " my " as a term
of endearment, which is well illustrated in the word
Kilmeedy, meaning the " church of My Ite."

From the baptismal font, our Saint was full of the
Holy Ghost, her modesty and reserve was the theme of
every tongue. Even in those tender years she observed
the fasts prescribed by the Church. When she spoke
all were edified with the purity and innocence of her
conversation, which always savoured of virtue and was
a discouragement to vice. In this manner she spent
the days of her youth, in her father's house a burning
and a shining light to all who were blessed with her
acquaintance.

Having arrived at that time of life when it was
necessary to select a permanent station in life, she ex-
pressed a wish to become a nun, and earnestly besought
her mother to obtain permission from her father to
embrace that state. He was very much opposed to
the idea of his daughter becoming a religious, especially
as a neighbouring young chief sought her in marriage
and an alliance of that kind was not to be despised in
those primitive times, when the sword was mightier than
the pen.

The mother and some influential friends again en-
treated the father to give her permission to follow her
"vocation, but this had only the effect of making hin?
more obdurate. Ita, hearing that all the appeals were

1 The Irish word Ita denotes thirst. Colgan, Vita St. Ita note
(3). P- 71.

2 Colgan. Vita St. Ita, notes (2) and (3), p. 71.

46 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

fruitless, calmly said to those around her, " Leave my
father alone, and you will see though he now refuses
later on he will persuade and even command me, because
our Divine Lord will compel him to leave me go wherever
I please to serve God." She then fasted three days
and three nights, and during the time she was constantly
assailed by the enemy of mankind whom she resisted
with calmness and fortitude. The third night the
father was admonished in his sleep to allow his
daughter to select the state of life she was so desirous of
embracing.

Next day the father consented to have her become a
nun, and go where she pleased to serve God. Matters
being now satisfactorily arranged, she retired to a neigh-
bouring church where she consecrated her life to the
service of her Creator. Having obtained the wish of
her heart, she earnestly prayed that God might direct
her to the place where she might best serve Him. In
answer to her prayer, she was directed to settle down in
Cluain Credhuil, now known as Killeedy, in the western
part of Hy Conaill, beneath the shadow of theLuachra
mountains.

When the chieftain of the territory heard that such
a great saint had come to live in the locality, he went
with a multitude of his subjects to welcome the holy
virgin. As a mark of esteem, he presented her with a
large tract of land adjoining the monastery. Not wishing
to be too much engrossed with worldly affairs, she
refused to accept more than a few acres, which would
serve as a garden to supply the wants of her community.

A number of maidens from the surrounding district
immediately placed themselves under her spiritual guid-
ance, and became members of her convent.

Another instance of our Saint's disregard for worldly
wealth may be mentioned here. A rich man brought
to the monastery a large sum of money which he pressed

THE MONASTIC FOUNDATIONS.

47

Ita to accept, but she refused. While speaking to the
man she happened to touch the money, and at once
called lor water to wash the hand that was soiled by its
contact with corruptible silver.

She practised great austerities, often passing four
days without food. Cumin of Down says : —

Mide loved great nursing,
Great humility without ambition ;
Her cheek on the pillow she never laid
For the love of the Lord.

Many miracles of an extraordinary kind are attri-
buted to her. She was endowed with the gift of pro-
phecy, with a knowledge of people she had never seen,
and of distant and secret occurrences. When Colum-
banus, a Leinster bishop, was on his way to visit her
monastery without giving any previous warning, Ita
ordered an entertainment to be got ready for him. When
he arrived she sent for his episcopal blessing before she
could have known 'in an ordinary way that he was a
bishop.

She had a knowledge of things that took place in
the other world, a remarkable instance of which is thus
related. Her uncle, who dwelt in the Desi territory,
died. Ita sent for his sons, and when they waited on
her, she said to them : " Your father, who was my uncle,
is now, alas ! suffering in Purgatory, i and the nature of

' The Latin for this phrase is in the text of her life in Colgan,
" heu nobis in poenis infernahbus pro commissis suis torqnetur."

The phrase, " infernal pains," affords a very strong proof of
the antiquity of this Life, whereas for many centuries back, the
Western Church has, instead of it, generally expressed such pains
by the name of Purgatory. A similar phrase is still retained in one
of the prayers of the Mass for the dead, "Libera Domine animas
omnium fideliuni defunctorum de poenis inferui et de profundo lacu,"
etc. I need not tell the reader that the 'infernus ' or 'infernahbus ' in
the now quoted passages does not refer to the hell of the damned
out of which the Church never expected any deliverance. This
manner of speaking was used in consequence of an opinion held by

48 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

his sufferings has been revealed to me. I therefore
desire each of you to give alms for the repose of his soul
and return to me at the end of a year." When they
returned at the appointed time she informed them that
their father was partly relieved from his torments, and
she again exhorted them to spend another year doing
good works for the same purpose. When they visited
her at the expiration of that time, she informed them
that their father was released from his pains, and already
in the enjoyment of eternal rest.

She went on one occasion in disguise to the monastery
of Clonmacnoise, to receive the Body and Blood ot
Christ, 1 from a very holy priest. When it became known
that she had been there, the priest, who immolated the
Host she had received, immediately set out with some
companions to visit our Saint at Killeedy. While they
were on the journey one of the party lost his sight, but
on their arrival at the monastery it was instantly re-
stored through the intercession of St. Ita.

She asked the same priest to sing Mass 2 in her pre-
sence, and when he had finished, she ordered the vestment
he wore while immolating should be given to him as a

many theologians, that not only the devils and the damned, but
likewise the souls in a state of purgation are confined in subterraneous
regions. Yet with this difference, that the former are kept in its
lowermost cr deepest parts, while the place for the latter though
contiguous to it is supposed to be Ijigher up. (See Bellarmm. De
Purgatorio, lib. ii., cap. vi.) But as this place was considered as
under the earth, the name 'infernus,' which signifies a lower region
or tract, was often applied to it, in the same manner as it hasil*!>n
used also for the grave. Tertullian alluding to a soul which. would
at last be removed to heaven, writes {Lib. de Anima, cap. xvu.), " in
carcerem te mandet infernum unde non dimittaris nisi modico quoqiie
delicto mora resurrectionis expenso." Lanigan, Ec. H. Ireland, vol. u.,
p. 86, note (11).

1 ■' Rogavit Beata Ita Deum ut manu digni sacerdotis corpus et
sanguinem Christi acceperet ... ad civitatem Cluainmicnois
et accepit de manu digni sacerdotis Corpus et sanguinem Domni sicut
ipsa voluit " (text, Colgan). This shows the behef of the early Iri&
Church in the Catholic dogma of the real presence of the body and
blood, soul and divinity of Jesus Christ in the Blessed Eucharist.

^ " Ut missam canare ante se."

THE MONASTIC FOUNDATIONS. 49

present. At first he refused to accept, saying that the
abbot forbade him to take anything except her blessing.
Then she told the priest some circumstances that were
to be related to the abbot when they returned, and that
he would not be displeased, but would accept the present
with joy. She was held in high esteem by a great
number of saints who were her contemporaries, and was
often visited by them.

According to the Annals of the Four Masters, many
of the Corcoiche were slain at the battle of Cuilne,
in A.D. 546, through the prayers of St. Ita.

It is related in her life that the sept in whose tuath
she resided came to the monastery, and asked her prayers
and blessing before going to battle against a great army
that was preparing to invade their territory. Having
received the blessing and a promise of her prayers for
their success, they went forth with great confidence,
and having encountered the enemy they defeated them
with great slaughter. Evidently this is the same as the
one mentioned in the Annals. If so, it was the sept of
Cleanglass that invoked her prayers, the enemy were
the neighbouring sept of the Corcoide, perhaps reinforced
by some battalions from West Munster, and the battle-
field must have been the present Cullina, a townland
beside Newcastle West, which was in ancient times a
part of the Corcoide t|iath.

After a long life of self-denial and good works, one
day Ita called her Sisters together, and told them that
her end was approaching. Soon after she was seized
with her last illness, and on her death-bed invoked a
blessing on the clergy and people of Hy Conaill, who
adopted her as their Patroness. She died on the 15th
of January, a.d. 570.

A great multitude assemMed round her remains, and
many rniracles took place on the occasion, giving testi-
mony to the great sanctity for which she was remarkable

50 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

through life. After a solemn requiem Mass she was laid
to rest in her own church. Her life, as published by
Colgan, is a document of the seventh century, and is very
valuable for the light it throws on the doctrine and
practice of the early Irish Church, as there is special
mention made of the Real Presence i in the Blessed
Eucharist, Purgatory, the sacrament of Penance, and
Holy Mass.

Ita was not only a great saint, but the nursing mother
of great saints, whose lives are an ornament to the land
of their birth.

They were Brendan, Pulcherius, and Cummian Foda,
who was brought up in the monastery after her death.
A short sketch of their lives will be inserted here owing
to their close connection with St. Ita and her religious
establishment.

Brendan.

Brendan the Voyager, 2 as he is frequently called, to
distinguish him from Brendan of Birr, was born about
the year 484, on the sea coast to the west of Tralee.
His parents were noble, and were Christians. At the
time of his birth they were living under the spiritual
jurisdiction of Bishop Ere. When Brendan was born
this good bishop baptized him at Wedder's Well, which
has given its name to the townland of Tibbrid, near
Ardfert, and is still regarded as a holy well by the people
of North Kerry and West Limerick, by whom it is much
frequented.

When he was a year old he was taken by Bishop
Ere and placed under the fostering care of St. Ita,

1 See preceding notes for Blessed Eucharist, Holy Mass, Purgatory.
For Penance see Colgan's life, A.S.H., chap, xxvii., p. 70 and note.

2 See Father O'Donogbue's Brendaniana.

THE MONASTIC FOUNDATIONS. 5l

where he remained for five ^.'ears. Then he passed
under the care of Ere, with whom he remained until he
reached the age of manhood, spending his time acquiring
knowledge and sanctity.

With the consent of his master, and the blessing and
advice of his foster-mother Ita, he went to see how
some of the holy fathers of Erin lived.

He travelled to Connaught, and spent some time
under St. Jarlath. He next went to Roscommon, where
it is said he wrote his rule at the dictation of an angel.
Having visited the most renowned schools of Ireland,
he returned to Tralee, and was ordained priest by his
old master. Ere.

Influenced by the spirit of the age, he built a cell,
and founded a religious community. But the most
remarkable event in connection with Brendan was his
voyage in the Atlantic ocean. It is said that he wandered
seven years in that great ocean, and that he reached
America, a land of delight and wonders as it is depicted
in his biographies. After his return the news of his
voyage and discoveries made him famous. He again
visited not only the great schools of Erin, but those of
Wales and Brittany. Finally, he settled down at Clon-
fert, on the western bank of the Shannon, where he was
soon surrounded by a multitude of disciples. He died
while on a visit to his sister's convent at Annaghdown,
on the shore of Lough Corrib, in the ninety-fourth year
of his age.

St. Pulchcrius.'^

Owing to some political disturbances in Connaught,
Boen, a very worthy man, sought refuge in Munster,
to avoid the malice of his enemies. He found a home

1 Colgan's A.S.H., t 3th March. Also O'Hanlon's Lives of the Irish
Saints, vol, iii.

52 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

in the tuath of Corcoide, near the monastery of St. Ita.
where he was employed as an artificer in wood and stone.
Here he became acquainted with St. Ita's sister, Nessa,
whom he married with St. Ita's approval. About a.d.
550, a son was bom to them, and at baptism received
the name of Coemghin (Kevin, beautiful offspring), which
was changed into Mochoemog (My Kevin) by St. Ita.
He is now known as Pulcherius, the Latin equivalent.
In his infancy he was nursed at the monastery like
St. Brendan, where he was trained up in the practice
of every virtue until he reached his twentieth year.
Then he left Killeedy to perfect himself in ecclesiastical
science at the great school of Bangor, under St. Comgal.

Here Pulcherius distinguished himself so much by his
learning and piety that Comgal advised him to found
a monastery wherever the Lord should direct him.
After completing his studies at this famous seat of
learning, he returned to Munster, where he was intro-
duced to the chieftain of Ely O'Carrol, who gave him a
site for a monastery in his territory.

He selected a lonesome spot in a thick forest called
Leithmore (great grey spots), now known as Leamo-
kevoge, four miles from Thurles, in the parish of Four-
mile-Borris, where the ruins of his church (580) are still
to be seen. When it became known that Pulcherius
had selected this particular place as his residence a
great number of disciples flocked round him. The pious
chieftain that gave the site of the monastery soon died,
and was succeeded by a ruler who was hostile to Pul-
cherius. He carried his enmity so far as to attempt to
expel the Saint from his district whicli Providence,
however, prevented him from doing.

Several miracles are attributed to him. He had
the celebrated Dagan at one time as his pupil. He was
very intimate with St. Molua, who was of the same sept,
and with many other holy men who lived near his

THE MONASTIC FOUNDATIONS. ^3

Tiionastery. According to the Chronicon Scotorum, he
died on the 13th March, 648, which is regarded as the
correct date.

St. Cummian Foda.

Ciimmian Foda (tall), the most learned scholar of the
Irish Church in the seventh century, also received his
early training at St. Ita's monastery. 1 He was the son
of Fiachna, King of West Munster, and shortly after his
birth was exposed in a small cummian, or basket, near
the monastery. When the nuns found the child thus
abandoned they took him under their care, and called
him Cummian, as he was found in a basket.

After spending his youth at Killeedy, he went to the
great school at Cork, founded by St. Finnbarr. He took
a leading part in the Paschal question, and wrote an
epistle of great learning in favour of the new method of
computing Easter time, which he addressed to the Abbot
of lona. This remarkable letter not alone shows the
great scholarship of the author, but also the high standard
of efficiency that the Irish schools had reached at this
period.

In after years he become Abbot-Bishop of Clonfert,
which was founded by his distinguished countryman,
St. Brendan. He died a.d. 661,2 ^^ ^^g ^ge of seventy-
two years, in his native Kerry, and was taken up the
Shannon in a boat to be interred at Clonfert, as the
following poem testifies : —

The I.iiimneach did not bear on its bosom of the race of

Munster into Leath Chuinn
A corpse in a boat so precious as he, as Cuimmine, son of

Fiachna,

1 See Ireland's Schools and Scholars, p. 228, by Most Rev. Dr.
Healy, Archbishop of Tuain.

2 Anns. Four Masters under that year 661.

54 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

If anyone went across the sea, to sojourn at the seat of

Gregory (Rome),
If from Ireland, he requires no more than the mention ol

Cummine Foda ;
I sorrow after Cummine, from the day his shrine was covered
My eyehds have been drooping tears ; I have not laughed,

but mourned since the lamentation at his barque.

St. Ita's monastery, like St. Brigit's of Kildare,
seems to have had a community of men in close proxi-
mity to the convent, as the death of Cathasach (Casey)
Abbot of Killita, is recordedi as having taken place in
A.D. 8io, and that of Abbot Finnacha in a.d. 833.

It was repeatedl}^ plundered and burned, like all
similar institutions, during the Danish invasions. The
church is the only remnant of the numerous buildings
that must have composed the ancient monastery. It
consists of a nave and choir, the one is 47 feet 3 inches
in length, and 29 feet 2 inches in breadth in the inside ;.
the other is 27 feet by 18.

The choir was modernized and fitted up as a Pro-
testant church and used as such, until about the be-
ginning of the last century, when it was burned down
by the Whiteboys. The nave is in the primitive Irish
style, and in all probability a part of the ancient church
of St. Ita. The west gable is levelled wdth the ground.
O'Donovan states that when he visited the place he met
some people who saw part of it standing, and who described
the doorway as having been constructed of concentric
arches. The side walls of the nave are 3 feet thick, and
built of large stones well cemented with mortar.

The choir arch is in a good state of preservation,
but contains no feature of the ancient work. The grave
of St. Ita is pointed out at the Epistle side of the church,
where the nave and choir-arch walls meet. In summer

^A>ins. Four Masters.

THE MONASTIC FOUNDATIONS. 55

the place is strewn with flowers — votive-offerings of the
pious pilgrims at the shrine of their beloved Patroness.
It is much frequented by married women, who cultivate
a special devotion to the Saint, and before leaving the
church, perform a peculiar ceremony.

About four miles south-west of Killeedy, on the
northern slope of a hill called Seeconglass, there is an oval-
shaped enclosure, containing about an acre of land. It
was originally surrounded by a dry wall of the cyclopean
style of architecture the debris of which are still there, and
just inside the entrance the foundation of a small build-
ing is visible. Boolaveeda or Ita's dairy, is the name
it is called by the inhabitants of the locality. Tradition
says that the milk that was used in the convent was
brought every day from this dairy by a donkey. One
day, as the poor beast was passing through the town! and
of Tournafulla with his accustomed burden, a cruel-
hearted native attacked him with dogs. The donkey,
flying from his pursuers, jumped across the river that
flows by the townland, leaving the impress of his hoofs
on a ledge of rock which is still pointed out. When St.
Ita saw the donkey on his arrival, all torn and bleeding,
in her anger she cursed the place where the outrage was
committed.

In the taxation rolls of a.d. 1306, there is a chapel
called De Monte Maledictionis, or the " Chapel of the
Mountain of the Curse," which is mentioned as belonging
to the church of Killeedy. In the townland of Tour-
nafulla, the site of an old church is still pointed out,
evidently the place where the above chapel was built,
as there is no other locality in that part of the country
having such a tradition. If anyone is so sceptical as
to doubt the truth of this story, he must at least admit
that it has an antique setting.

Many centuries have gone by since St. Ita flourished ;
yet the principal events of her life are fresh and green in

56 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

the memories of the present inhabitants of the plain
once sanctified by her presence. In the dark days of
persecution they met on the mountain side and in the
glen to keep her festival. Now they meet in the broad
daylight, on the eve of the Feast, in the parochial church,
where the neighbouring clergy assemble to hear con-
fessions. Next morning young and old receive Holy
Communion. Later in the day High Mass is celebrated,
at which a panegyric of the vSaint is preached by a special
preacher. When the service in the church is over, the
whole congregation, headed by the parish priest, visit
the grave of St. Ita, where they renew their devotions.
Then the assembly engage in friendly chat, and as the
day draws to a close they disperse in groups to their
respective homes, happy and contented.

In answer to a petition from Dr. Butler, late Bishop
of the diocese, the Holy See granted a special Office and
Mass in honour of the Saint. In nearly every family
in the west of the county there is some female member
called after her, the most enduring way of keeping alive
her name and good works among the people.

She has been specially venerated in the city of late
years, and a beautiful statue has been erected in St.
Michael's Church to perpetuate her memory.

As a child of the plain, may I say with St. Brendan : —

Oh ! Ita, mother of my heart and mind,
My nourisher, my fosterer, my friend.

St. Molua.

Molua,! another great saint of the Corcoide territory,
and contemporary of Pulcherius, was born in the year
554. His father, Carthach, was of a distinguished family,

1 See Lives of Saints in A.S.H. ex Codice Salmauticensi. Printed
at the expense of John Marquis of Bute, 1888. Blackwood, Edin-
burg. Also O'Hanlon, vol. viii., 3rd August.

THE MONASTIC FOUNDATIONS. 57

and his mother, Sochla, was a native of Ossory. At the
baptismal font he received the name of Lua, Latinized
Lugidus. In his childhood days he gave promise of that
great holiness, for which he became so remarkable in
after years.

When Comgal, Abbot of Bangor, visited Munster,
he became acquainted with Lua, who was then a mere
youth. Being greatly struck with the appearance and
unostentatious piety of the child, with the consent of
the parents, he took him to Bangor, where he remained
many years acquiring learning and virtue. When Lua
reached the age of manhood he embraced the clerical
state, and so great was his reputation for sanctity that
Comgal made him his confessor. After a time the Abbot
recommended him to form a community for himself,
and nourish the servants of the Lord.

Accordingly, he returned to his native territory with
the intention of founding a monastery, but Feolan, the
dynast of the place, advised him not to remain in his
own country. Acting on this suggestion, he went to
Mount Bladhma (Slieve Bloom) where] his maternal
relations resided. Here he founded a monastery which
is now called Kyle, the ruins of which are not far from
Borris-in-Ossory, in the parish of Offerlin, Queen's County.
The situation, like all the old monastic sites, commands
a beautiful prospect over the rich valleys of the Nore
and Suir.

After putting this foundation on a permanent basis,
Molua returned with many disciples to Hy Fidhgente,
where he founded many monasteries, and where his name
still lives as Patron of two holy wells — one at Ardagh,
near Newcastle West, the other at Emlygrenan, in the
east of the county.

Many instances are given of his dealings with those
placed under him, which show that his rule and manner,
though severe, were tempered with gentleness and mercy.

58 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

He was very intimate with the leading saints of his time.
St. Eimen of New Ross, who hailed from his own country,
often visited him. St. Canice was also a great friend of
our Saint, and he was confessor to other distinguished
holy men, such as

David across the tranquil sea.

And to Maedhog, and Mochamhog, and to Comgal. ^

He wrote a rule for the guidance of his disciples,
which St. Dagan took to Rome. It was presented to
St. Gregory the Great, who after reading it said in pre-
sence of his court : " The Saint who composed this rule
hath drawn a hedge round his family which reaches to
heaven." This remarkable rule is now lost, but we
are informed that it divided the day into three parts,
one devoted to prayer, another to reading or study, and
the third to manual labour. There was a special clause
excluding women from the enclosure, which indeed was
a characteristic of all the saints of the second order.

When Molua felt that his end was near at hand, he
paid a visit to St. Dagan, who informed our Saint that
his successor would be Latan. Soon after he went to
see St. Cronan, who lived near Roscrea, at Sean Ross,
near the lake now known in its dried-up form as Mona
Hincha, where he received Holy Communion. Imme-
diately he left for his own monastery, but growing weary
on the journey he rested somewhere on the eastern side
of the bog extending from Roscrea to Clonfert Molua.
Here his last sickness came upon him, and Stellan, his
companion, at once administered to him the last Sacra-
ments after which Molua's pure spirit passed out of this
world to join the " family of Heaven." His death took
place in the year 608.

When the corpse was taken to a neighbouring cell,

' Alartyology of Donegal, 3rd August.

THE MONASTIC FOUNDATIONS. 59

a contention arose between the Munster and Leinster
men, as to which province the body belonged. It was
decided, however, that the body belonged to Leinster.
whither it was carried, and interred in a specially-
prepared tomb, amid the deep and universal sorrow.

Many miracles are recorded as having been per-
formed by Molua, notably when his corpse was lying in
state. St. Munchin visited the cell to which Molua
was taken, and when he touched the coffin the sight of
one of his eyes, which had been lost, was immediately
restored.

Cummian Foda mentions Lua among the fathers of
the Irish Church in his Paschal epistle. He is also
mentioned as one of the second order of Irish saints.

Cumin of Down says : —

Molua the fully miraculous, loves
Humility noble pure,

The will of his tutor, the will of his parents,
The will of all, and weeping for his sins.

I have not been able to identify the localities where
the following saints were venerated : —

January 15.— Aitche, Patron of Cill Aitche, in the
diocese and county of Limerick, barony of Kenry. A
holiday and station there. 1

July 20.— Cuirbin the Pious, in Ui Fidhgente, in
Munster. 2

October 6.— Sineach, daughter of Fergna of Cruachan
Magh-Abhna, in Caenraighe (Kenry). She was of the
race of Eoghan Mor, son of OilioU Olum. At page 423
she is called Finnseach, Virgin of Cruchan of Magh Abhna,
and her feast is entered at November 9.^

1 Mart, of Donegal, p. 361.

2 Ibid.

3 Ibid.

■60 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Internal Arrangement of the Monasteries.'^

Having now dealt with those monasteries whose
history has come down to us, we proceed to give a
sketch of their internal arrangement.

The monastic buildings were surrounded with a
strong rampart like the forts of the district, and was of
stone or earth, according to the abundance of either
material. The church was the principal building within
the enclosure, beside it stood another edifice which served
as a sacristy for keeping the sacred utensils of the
church. The abbot's house was a short distance from the
church, and the monks of the community lived in separate
cells, in convenient places within the ramparts. These
huts were sometimes built of stone, had one entrance,
and no window. They measured about ii feet in dia-
meter and 7 in height, oftentimes they were built of
wood or wicker-work, which constituted better material
for a comfortable dwelling than stone. The monks slept
generally on the bare ground, on a skin, but in some of
the monasteries they had beds of a very inferior kind.

The refectory where the monks assembled for meals,
and the kitchen which stood near it, were also inside
the enclosure. Probably the smithy and carpenter's
shop were there also. Another very important building
in connection with the monastery was the hospice, where
strangers were hospitably entertained, but this was
generally outside the rampart, as was the stone house
for provisions and the mill for grinding the corn. Such
were the different buddings that composed an ancient
Irish monastery.

The abbot, who was the principal superior, lived
apart from the other monks, and was waited on by one
or more brothers.

' See Reeves' Adamnan, p. 339, A.S. Publications, also Most
Rev. Dr. Healy's Ireland's Schools and Scholars, chap, vii., p. 144.

THE MONASTIC FOUNDATIONS. 6r

He frequently had many religious houses under his
jurisdiction, but usually resided in the mother house,
while the others were governed by priors whom he
occasionally visited.

When the abbot was only a priest, a bishop resided
in the community who performed the function apper-
taining to his office, but as a member of the community
was subject to the abbot. The monastic family em-
braced priests, deacons, inferior clergy, and lay brothers,
all yielding the strictest obedience to the abbot. The
members had all things in common, as they embraced
holy poverty for the love of their Divine Master, whom
they endeavoured so zealously to imitate.

Chastity was one of their characteristic virtues,
which they stictly guarded, and care was taken to
exclude women from entering the enclosure except in
very exceptional circumstances.

They observed silence in their ordinary duties, and
when they mixed in conversation it was with the greatest
reserve. Humility, a virtue so necessary for the recluse,
was specially enforced, as the opposite vice of spiritual
pride is particularly dangerous to religious communities.

They were very abstemious in the use of food, which
was of the simplest kind. Their clothing consisted of a
habit of coarse undyed wool, with a hood ; sometimes
they wore underneath a short garment. In the monas-
tery they went generally barefoot, but v/hen going on
a journey they were allowed the luxury of sandals. The
time that elapsed between the religious exercises was
spent in reading, writing, and manual labour.

Holy Wells.

In ancient Ireland, as well as in other countries,
well-worship was ver}'' common before the introduction
of Christianity. St. Patrick blessed many of these foun-

62 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

tains, and utilized them for the baptism of his converts.
During his stay beside them the simple faith of many a
convert was the means of curing some bodily ailment
from which he suffered, as in the case of the Prince of
Thomond, already related. There are a great number
of such wells in the diocese which perpetuate the memory
of saints who are otherwise unknown, except from the
bare mention of their names in the Martyrologies.

These wells are to be found in the vicinity of the
ruined monasteries and churches scattered over the
diocese, and bear the names of the holy men and women
who used them in times long gone by for the altar,
baptism, and other holy offices. The monasteries and
churches have long since been deserted, but these spots
that were hallowed by their founders' footsteps are
still frequented by the people as befitting places to
invoke the aid of the saints of their race who are now
before the throne of God.

The principal wells that are still frequented, as far
as I can discover, are here set down. Some of them
will be referred to later on when treating of the churches
to which they belong.

St. Patrick's, or Pennywell, is situated near the
city, and much frequented by the citizens. Some re-
markable cures have taken place at this well in recent
years. Its water is brought to invalids who rarely
drink any other beverage during their illness, such is
their simple faith in the intercession of its Patron, St.
Patrick. A. beautiful grotto was erected over this
well in the year 1904, by the exertions of the Rev.
Cornelius Conway, P.P., St. Patrick's, his curate. Rev.
David O'Carroll, and some pious laymen.

Lickadoon, a holy well.

Cahernarry, a holy well, dedicated to St. Senan.

Killmurry, a holy well dedicated to St. Mary Magdalen.

Kilbreedy Major, a holy well dedicated to St. Brigid.

THE MONASTIC FOUNDATIONS. 63

Emlygrenan, a holy well dedicated to St. Molua.

Ballymacshanboy, Tobur rig na Domhnaigh (the Well
of the King of Sunday).

Athlacca. In the south-west of Tullerboy there is
a httle church called Kill Bruaine, and a well called
Bruaine's Well.

Rathkeale, at Ballyallinan Castle, a holy weh dedi-
cated to St. Bernard.

Nantenan, St. James's Well, in Ardgoul.

Kilcoleman West, Colman's Well.

Ardagh, St. Molua's Weh.

Shanagolden, St. Senan's Well.

Knockpatrick, St. Patrick's W^eh.

Loughih, St. Colmog's Weh.

Castlemahon, about a mile east of the village, there
is a holy well dedicated to St. John the Baptist.

Clonelty, Ita's Weh in Lisenaska.

Cloncagh, St. Patrick's Well.

Monagea. In the townland of Ballyshane, there is a
beautiful well called Banbhan, and much frequented by
pilgrims. There is a Banbhan mentioned in the Mar-
tyrologies^ at the ist of ]May. He was of the same race
as St. Ita, and probably the patron of this well. There
is another Banbhan called the "wise," at the 9th May.

St. Mary's WeU at Rathcahih, the feast of whose
patronage is still kept on the 15th of August, when all
the country-side visit the weU after last Mass at the
parochial church. The well is on the roadside surrounded
by a high wall.

St. Brigid's, Shangarry.

There are two other wells in the Templeglantine part
of the parish.

Abbeyleafe — KiUenagh. To what saint this well is
dedicated I am unable to say, but the Rev. William

1 See Mart, of Donegal, A.S. Publication.

64 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Casey, P.P., informed me that the old people used to
say it was to St. Ita.

Corcomohide. St. Gobinet's Well, in townland of
the same name. Here until recently a cattle fair used to
be held every nth February, the feast of the Saint,
when many came to pay rounds, and invoke St. Gobinet
or Deborah, as she is called here. There is no church
or ruin near the well. It may be of interest to relate
that close to the well there is a fort called the " boys'
fort," on which whoever stood on Gobinet's day would
be married during the coming year. The fort has been
levelled by a road contractor, who carted away the
most of it for road metal. During the process a large
quantity of human bones were discovered which showed
that it was formerly a burial ground ; perhaps also it-
was the site of a church.

CHAPTER V.

THE DANES IN HY FIDHGENTE.

Towards the close of the eighth century a new and
formidable foe to Irish social and religious independence
appeared on the Irish seas. They were the Danes, and
natives of the countries bordering on the west of the
Baltic. At first their raids were intermittent, and prin-
cipally confined to the seaboard. When they became
more familiar with the coast, they effected permanent
settlements, and making those the basis of operation,
they plundered and burned the country. Finally, they
endeavoured to gain complete mastery over its inhabi-
tants. The struggle continued for well nigh two cen-
turies, and eventually ended in the political suppression
of the foreigners, leaving the Irish though victorious,
very weak and disorganized, and thus paving the way
for another and more formidable foe, whose yoke is felt
even unto this day.

Though the Danes ^ made their first attack on holy
Ireland as early as the year 795, they do not appear to
have advanced far into the country until between the
years 825 and 835, when they divided themselves into
small parties, and simultaneously landed in different
parts of the country. It was during these raids that
they first visited the County Limerick, and plundered

1 The works consulted regarding the Danes in this volume are
principally The War of the Gacdhill ivith the Gaill, edited by Dr. Todd
(Rolls' Series). It has a good index which obviates special reference.
See also a very full and interesting essay, " The Northmen of
Limerick," by the Rev. Timothy Lee, P.P., Croom, in Journal, Roya'
Society of Antiquarians, Ireland, for the year 1889.

F

66 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Kilpeacon and Mungret. A fleet entered the Luimnech,
as the Shannon was then called, from the city to the
sea, and devoted their attention to the treasures of
Hy Conaill Gabhra. This tribe, under the command of
their chieftain Donnchadh, head of the Hy Fidhgente,
assisted by Niall Son Cennfaeladh (Kenealy), encoun-
tered and defeated them at Shanid, near Shanagolden,
in the year 834.

845. A fleet landed an army in North Kerry, who
plundered the country as far as Kill Ita (Killeedy). In
the meantime the party on the Shannon were actively
engaged in the east of the county, where they captured
Farannan Comharba of Armagh, who was at Cluain
Comairdi (Colman's Well), and took him to the fleet-
Farannan was forced to fly from his see by Turgesius,
who usurped the primacy, and held it till his death,
which took place this year. Farannan was then libe-
rated, and allowed to return to Armagh.

857. Another fleet landed a host of Danes in North
Kerry, who plundered Kill Ita for the second time, and
extended their depredations as far as the Shannon, and
eastward as far as Cashel. Then came a cessation of
invasions for a period of forty years, but the foreigners
were not idle all this time, as history informs us that
they were seeking fresh fields along the coast of southern
Europe.

916. They again returned to our shores, and divided
themselves into three parties and ravaged all the south
of Ireland. It was by them fell Gebennach, King of
Ui Conaill ; after killing him they took away his head.

Great is the pity, O God of Heaven !
That the people of Tomar should have it ;
Behold the head of Gabhra's king is taken from you,
Illustrious gem of the west of the world !

THE DANES IN HY FIDHGENTE. 67

922. Tomar,! a sea king, came into the Shannon,
and landed at Inis Sibhton, now called the King's
Island, and there encamped, laying the foundations of
the present city of Limerick. Having fixed his head-
quarters on the island, he ravaged all the holy places
on the Shannon from Lough Derg to Lough Ree, drown-
ing their shrines and books. About this time Munster
was teeming with them, " so that there was not a harbour
nor a landing place nor a dun nor a fastness without
fleets of Danes and pirates." The old chronicle gives a
pathetic description of the sorrows and cruelties they
inflicted on our fathers : —

They demolished the beautiful ornamented temples, for
neither veneration nor honour nor mercy for Termon, nor
protection for church or for sanctuary for God or for man
was felt by this furious ferocious, ruthless pagan people.
Many were the blooming lively women, and the most comely
maidens . . . and the gentle, well brought up youths and
valiant champions that were carried off into oppression and
bondage over the broad green sea. Alas ! many were the
bright and brilliant eyes that were suffused with tears and
dimmed with grief and despair at the separation of son from
father, and daughter from mother, and brother from brother
and relatives from their race and tribe.

930. Yet another fleet of Danes, led by Ivar and his
three sons Dubhcenn (Blackhead), Cu AUaidh (Wild
Hound), and Aralt, or Harold, landed at Inis Sibhton,
and seemed to act in concert with Tomar's party, as both
lived on the island together, apparently in peace and
good fellowship. Ivar's party showed themselves eager
to possess " the pure smooth-plained sweet grassy land
of Erin." They plundered Munster, and organized a body
of tax-gatherers, whom they billetted in every house,

1 Th£ raids of the Danes of Luimnech mentioned before 922 seem to
refer to the fleets on the Shannon.

68 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

as they seem to have completely subdued the surround-
ing country, " so that none of the men of Erin had power
to give even the milk of a cow, or a clutch of eggs of one
hen in succour or in kindness to an aged man, or to a
friend, but was forced to preserve them for the foreign,
steward or bailiff."

Brian Borumha and his brother Mahon commenced a.
guerilla warfare against the oppressors of their country-
men in the woods of Thomond. No quarter was given
on either side.

At length, growing weary of this kind of warfare
Mahon made a truce with the enemy, but Brian refused
to recognize it, and continued single-handed an unequal
contest until his force w^as reduced to fifteen men. Mahon
hearing the sad plight of his brother had an interview
wdth him ; the result of which was that Mahon assembled
the tribe, and having stated the whole case, put it to
them whether they would have peace or war. The
unanimous voice was for war. The two brothers imme-
diately commenced an active and determined opposition
to the foreigners which aroused the Limerick Danes.

Ivar, their king, invited all his vassals, both GailL
and Gaedhill, to rally to his standard as he intended
crushing once for all the power of the Dalgais. It would
seem that at this period a close alliance existed between
Ivar and Donovan, son of Cathal, King of the Cairbre
and other Eugenian chiefs ; not that they were so much
in love with the Danes, as jealous of the growing power
of the Dalgais, who were asserting their claims to the
kingship of Cashel, which was so long denied them.

968. Both armies met at Sulchoit (now Solohead),
near the Limerick Junction, and " they were from sun-
rise till mid-day striking and slaughtering each other."
The Danes were routed, and fled in all directions, the
main body retreated to Limerick. The Dalcassians
pursued them into the fort and slaughtered them in the

THE DANES IN HY FIDHGENTE. 69

streets and in the houses. They then took away their
jewels and their saddles, beautiful and foreign ; their
gold and their silver, their beautiful woven cloth, both
scarlet and green." The captives were collected on the
hills of Singland, and everyone that was fit for war was
put to death, and every one that was fit for a slave was
enslaved.

Mahon to make his victory secure immediately
entered the territories of the Danish allies, and took
hostages from Donovan of Ui Fidhgente and Molloy,
King of Desmond, the representatives of the Eugenian
race. He went to the west of the county, and made a
slaughter of the Danes at Shanagolden, where they
seem to have had a strong settlement. During his
absence the remnant of the Limerick Danes and their
fellow-countrymen of Waterford united their forces and
plundered Emly, where they remained encamped for
two days. Here they were attacked by Mahon and
again put to flight. He then burned Limerick, and
banished Ivar over the sea, where he remained for a
year. When he returned he settled down on the western
part of the Shannon, whence he made many spoils and
battles.

Mahon now assumed the sovereignty of Cashel, and
his enemies being no longer able to resist him on the
field had recourse to treachery. In this act of Mahon's
the Eugenians saw their hopes of attaining the sovereignty
of Munster pass away for ever which they regarded as
their birth-right after centuries of usurpation.

At the instigation of Ivar Donovan and Molloy
entered into a conspiracy against the life of Mahon.
When the plot was matured Donovan invited Mahon
to his house, giving an assurance before-hand that no
harm would befall him during his visit. While enjoying
the hospitality of his host he was seized and handed over
-to Molloy's soldiers, who received orders to put him to

70 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

death, which instructions they faithfully executed at
Red Chair, a pass between the counties of Limerick and
Cork, near Ardpatrick.

The last state of the conspirators was worse than
the first, as Brian succeeded to the throne, and " he was
not a wisp of hay in the place of a club," but a hero
whose valour was beyond that of his brother. He
immediately commenced hostilities against them. Ivar
with his followers entrenched themselves in Scattery
Island, as their head-quarters, concealing their women in
the other and more remote islands, awaiting aid from
their countrymen. Here Brian and the O'Donnells of
West Clare attacked and slew Ivar and his two sons.
A great spoil of gold and silver was found in those
islands, that were then inhabited by the Danes. Harold
the third and surviving son was made king of the
foreigners of Munster, and Donovan, knowing what he
was to expect from Brian, invited Harold to his house.

Brian lost no time in turning his arms against
Donovan. Having entered Hy Fidhgente he drove off
his cattle (978), took the fortress of Cahair Cuan,i and
slew Donovan and his ally Harold, and made a great
slaughter of the Danes. He then proceeded against
MoUoy, whom he encountered and slew at the very same
pass where his brother Mahon was so cruelly murdered
a short time before.

The enemies of the Dalcassians being now subdued,,
and the murderers of Mahon punished, Brian became
undisputed King of Munster. He made a circuit of his
newly acquired dominions, and fortified the forts of
Kilfinane, the island in Lough Gur, Dun Eochair Maigue,
(Bruree), and Dunchath, in the County Limerick. Being

' In Sweetman's CD. I., year 1200, p. 21, in the grant to the
Monastery of Monasteranenagh there is mentioned a Cahircuain
which would be near Bruff, and evidently the same as this one judging,
from the similarity of the words.

THE DANES IN HY FIDHGENTE. 71

a prince of restless ambition he aspired to the throne of
Ireland, which he ultimately secured, not only by the
aid of native troops but also by the foreigners, who
entered into a treaty with him. This great man re-
stored peace and good order during his reign. He was
slain at the battle of Clontarf, on the 23rd of April, 1014,
and with him fell the flower of his house and most of
the chivalry of Munster.

Christianity among the Danes.
After the decisive battle of Solloghed, the Limerick
Danes gave up the profession of arms in a great measure,
and turned their attention to commercial pursuits. For
many a year a close intimacy existed between them and
the Donovans, chieftains of Hy Fidhgente, who, it would
appear, secured that position by their aid. Both princely
houses were intermarried, and many of the lower order
of the Danes no doubt followed the example of their
leaders which had the effect of bringing them into more
friendly relations with the natives, and softening their
prejudices against Christianity. When they embraced
Christianity they naturally received their missionaries
from, and adopted the patron saint of the sept they
were friendly with, having none of their own.

The patron saint of Bruree was St. Munchin, whose
feast is still kept there, and has been from time imme_
morial, on the 2nd of January. The feast of the St.
Munchin that is venerated in the city is kept on the
same day, a coincidence which goes to prove that they
are identical. The first Christian missionaries that con-
verted the Limerick Danes would, on the above suppo-
sition, have been from O' Donovan's country, and when
they built a church for the accommodation of their
converts in the city they would naturally dedicate it
to the patron saint of their native tuath, which in this
instance was Munchin.

72 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

The Martyrologies ^ mention a Munchin the Wise,
of Disert Mic Cuihn, in Laegis of Leinster, at the 2nd of
January, which is sufficient to show he is the same as
the above-mentioned, especially as there is no other
saint of the name given at that date. The Annals
record his death at the year 652, and call him Abbot of
Menadrochet. The tract where this place is situated
was formerly called Disertchuillin. It is now known
as Monadrehid, about a mile from Borris-in-Ossory,
Queen's County. Munchin, or Manchan, is the diminutive
of Manach, a monk, and means a little monk. There is,
no hfe of him extant. Perhaps he may have been a
native of the tuath of Bruree, and in early years left
his native place for a home near Slieve Bloom, like his
fellow-tribesmen Molua and Pulcherius.

The arguments advanced in favour of the other
saints of the name are based on the supposition that
the city of Limerick was a centre of authority from
remote times.

But it grew hke Dublin and Waterford, from a Danish
fort to a city, and hke them, when converted to Chris-
tianity, elected its own bishop, whose jurisdiction did
not extend beyond the city and adjacent country. The
Danes did not coalesce with the natives but formed a
distinct rehgious community, and so far did they carry
this distinction that they sent their bishops to Canter-
bury for consecration, as they looked on the Normans
as their kith and kin.

The erection of Limerick into a bishopric is very

1 Mart, of /Engus, January 2nd, " Mainchine of splendid Eirge,"
page 26, and in a note page 31 in same book the following note taken
from the Leabhar Breac is given : " Mainchine of splendid Eirge, i.".,
of Disert Mic Cuilind in Leix of Leinster, Mamchme, i.e., son of
Luimnech (Limerick) or Mainchini, i.e., a river that is in west of
Leinster in Leix and Airic its names." Edited by Whitly Stokes.

Mart, of Tallaght, January 2nd, Mancheni Sapiens (Mainchen
the wise).

Mart, of Donegal, January 2nd, Mainchin Sage of Disert-mic-
Cuilinn in Laeighis of Leinster.

THE DANES IN HY FIDHGENTE. 73

obscure. But if we regard the manner in which their
kinsmen acted in Dubhn and Waterford, it may be safely
asserted that the same method was adopted in Limerick.

Dunan,! or Dunatus, an Irishman, the first Bishop
of Dubhn, was elected by Sitric, the king of that city,
who endowed the newly-built cathedral under the
patronage of the Holy Trinity. He was consecrated in
Ireland, as the Normans did not come to England until
the year 1066. But after Dunan's death, which occurred
in 1074, his successor Patrick, went across to Canterbury,
and was consecrated by Lanfranc.

Waterford - was made an episcopal see in the year
1098. The clergy and laity of the city selected Malchus
an Irishman, and Benedictine monk of Winchester.
This election met the approval of Murtagh O'Brien,
King of Munster, and many bishops. They also wished
to be connected with Canterbury in spirituals. O'Brien
consented, and joined them in forwarding a letter ^ to
Anselm. Malchus set out with this epistle, and was
graciously received by Anselm, who consecrated him.
When Malchus returned he built a cathedral by the aid
of his Danish flock, and dedicated it to the Holy
Trinity.

A few years later we find Gillebert set down as Bishop
of Limerick. How his election was carried out there is
no record, but as it took place about the same time as
Waterford and under the same auspices, it must have
been similar. He was consecrated in Ireland, perhaps
owing to the fact that Anselm was then in exile (1103-
1106).

Gillebert travelled on the Continent many years
before he became bishop, and made the acquaintance of

1 See Ware's Bishops, Edited by Harris, vol. i., pp. 300-1, Dublio,
1764. The edition quoted in this volume. See also Lanigan's Ecc.
Hist, of Ireland, vol. iii., 433, etc.

2 Ware, vol. i., p. 526 ; Lanigan, vol. iv., p. 15.

3 See Usher Sylloge, letter 38, Dublin edition, 163^.

74 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Anselm at Rouen. He renewed the acquaintance after
becoming Bishop of Limerick, as he wrote congratulating
Anselm ^ on having at last induced the untamable
Normans to submit to the regular decrees of the Church
with regard to the election and consecration of abbots
and bishops. He thanks God for enabling Anselm to
gain this victory, and as token of attachment sends a
little present of twenty-five small pearls, and requests
that he will not forget him in his prayers. Hence it
may be inferred that this letter was written shortly after
Henry I had, in 1106, settled his disputes with Anselm,
and it may also be inferred that Gillebert was Bishop of
Limerick at the time the letter was written, and perhaps
a few years earlier.

Anselm replied to the above letter thanking Gillebert
for congratulations and present. He also reminds him
of their mutual affection since they had known each
other at Rouen. He says that since he now knows
that Gillebert has been raised to the episcopal dignity
in Ireland, that he will exert himself in correcting what-
ever abuses exist in the Church, and endeavour to induce
the king and bishops of the country to co-operate with
him in the good work.

Accordingly, Gillebert-'set to work with great zeal in
abohshing the variety of offices that had been intro-
duced into the Irish Church principally by the second
order of Irish saints, and to establish instead of them,
the oface used at Rome. To effect this change he
wrote a tract called De usu Ecclesiastico, the date of
which is unknown, but must have been some time before
he became Papal Legate, judging from the prologue of
the work, which is extant. He addresses this tract to
the bishops and priests, saying that it was composed
at the request of many of them. In deference to their

1 See Appendix.

THE DANES IN HY FIDHGENTE. 75

wishes he wrote out the canonical custom of saying the
hours and in performing the offices of the whole ecclesi-
astical order, that the various and schismatical orders
with which all Ireland was bewildered might yield to the
one Catholic Roman office.

No doubt such a variety of offices required some
limitation, but in describing them as schismatical Gille-
bert erred, as a similar variety exists in the Church at
the present day, especially among the religious Orders,
such as the Carthusians, Benedictines, Dominicans, and
Carmelites, whose Masses and offices differ from each
other, and from the secular clergy. His zeal and ability
in correcting abuses and bringing the Irish Church in
matters of discipline in conformity with Rome, the
mother and mistress of all the Churches, must have
been well known at the Papal Court, and influenced the
reigning Pontiff to confer on Gillebert the exalted and
responsible office of Papal Legate.

Murtagh O'Brien, also acting on the advice of Anselm,
exerted himself in the interests of religion. He called
together a synod of the noblemen of Erin, both clergy
and laity, and many laws were made for the benefit of
the Church.

When Gillebert was made Papal Legate Murtagh had
a wise guide, who was throughly conversant with the
Continental form of Church government, and no doubt
impressed on him the necessity of bringing the whole
Irish Church into conformity with it, as the monastic
system which flourished so long in the country was
almost effaced owing to the confusion created by the
Danish invasion. Thus a favourable opportunity pre-
sented itself for carrying out the much needed reform.
Accordingly, a general synod was held at Rathbresail
the modern name of which would be Mountrath ; accord-
ing to O' Donovan, Keating states that it was held in
A.D. mo, but Lanigan places it as late as the year 1118.

76 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Gillebert, as Papal Legate, presided, and for the
first time the exact boundaries of the various dioceses
were defined, and the number of bishops considerably-
restricted. The whole of Ireland was divided into two
ecclesiastical provinces, based on the old divisions of
Leath Mhogha and Leath Chuin. It may be taken for
granted that the same principle — which is clearly proved
in many instances — was adopted in dividing the pro-
vinces into dioceses.

Limerick,! according to this synod, was bounded on
the east by " the Mulkern River, the ford opposite Lodan
(Ludden), Lough Gur, Lathach (Ballynalahagh, in the
parish of Knockainey), and westwards from Ani (Ivnock-
ainey), taking in Ardpatrick, Belach Febradh (the
mountains south of Ardpatrick) and Tullylease, towards
the south as far as the Feale River, Tarbeit, including
Cuinchi (Ouin) and the crosses on Slieve Oighedhan Rig
(Cratloe mountain), and the Blackwater." The limits
of the diocese as here defined are almost the same
as at the present day, and substantially agree with
those of the territory of Hy Fidhgente, as laid down in
old authorities. Immediately after the enumeration of
these boundaries the following clause is added, namely :
*' If any person go beyond these limits he will act in
violation of the will of the Deity, and of St. Peter, St.
Paul, and St. Patrick, and the men who have succeeded
these Saints in the Church, and the temple of St. Mary
is the cathedral church."

The see of Iniscathy is not mentioned in this synod,
but its possessions are included in the dioceses of Limerick
and Killaloe, and that evidently with the consent of
Murtagh O'Brien, who took a great interest in the wel-
fare of the Church, especially in his own dominions.
Gillebert naturally expected strong opposition to such

' See Mahony's edition of Keating's History of Ireland; also
Kelly's Camb. Ev. vol. ii., Appendix c.

THE DANES IN HY FIDHGENTK. yj

an arrangement, and doubtless got this clause enacted
as a safeguard to the decree. St. Mary's is set down as
the Cathedral Church of the diocese, and if there be
any truth in the statement that it was founded on the
palace of the O'Briens it must have been Murtagh that
bestowed the gift, and not Donald, as is commonly
asserted. The dedication of the cathedral i of the
newly formed diocese to the Blessed Virgin Mary may
have been an expedient to avoid whatever friction was
likely to arise from either of the sections striving to
get their own patron acknowledged as patron of thc^.
whole diocese.

Another very important law was made at this synod
namely, " that all the churches of Ireland were given
up in full possession to the Irish prelates, who were
henceforth to hold them for ever free from authority or
rent of any temporal lord."-

In the old tribal system the lands set apart for the
maintenance of the Church were vested in the patron
and his successors, who ministered to the spiritual wants
of the faithful. Sometimes it happened that the patron's
successor was only an abbot, and the bishop employed
to discharge the duties appertaining to his office was
subject to the abbot. By this decree the bishop was
made centre of authority and jurisdiction, as in other
parts of the Church, irrespective of whatever obligations
he might be under to a religious community if he should
happen to belong to it before his nomination to the
episcopacy.

As long as Murtagh O'Brien ruled, Gillebert was
able to enforce these decrees, at least within the limits
of his own diocese, but as to how he fared afterwards
history is silent. Growing old and feeble he resigned the

' FE 1 According to White St. Munchin was only recognized as Patron
of the whole city. — Lenihan, p. 558.
2 Chrontcon Scotorum.

yS DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

office of Papal Legate, in 1139, ^^^ died in the year
1 145. It is likely, owing to the confusion of the
times, that this arrangement did not last longer than
his life-time, as we find his successor, Patrick, going to
Canterbury for consecration. He made a profession of
obedience to the Archbishop of Canterbury before he
was consecrated, which is still extant in a MS. in the
Cotton Library that formerly belonged to Canterbury,
and is as follows : —

I, Patrick, elected to the government of the Church ol
Limerick, and now by the grace of God about to be con-
secrated bishop, by you, Father Theobald, Archbishop of
Canterbury and Primate;of Britain, do promise in all things
to pay my bounden subjection and canonical obedience to
you, and all your successors canonically succeeding you.

The bishop lived only for a short time, and the year
of his death is not known. Iniscathy again recovered
some of its ancient prestige, as it was recognized as a
see at the Synod of Kells, which was held in 1152, not
many years after Gillebert's death.

Harold.

Harold, ^ an Ostman, was the next bishop, but noinmg
concerning him has come down to our times. He died
in the year 1151.

T urge si us.

Turgesius - was also a Dane, and was present at the
Synod of Kells, presided over by Cardinal Paparo^
During his occupancy of the see the city was besieged
and taken by Murdoc of O'Lochlain. Turgesius died in
the year 1167. It would appear that the Danish colony

1 Usher, Sylloge, p. 120.

2 Ware's Bishops of Limerick.

THE DANES IN HY FIDHGENTE. 79

of Limerick and the Irish of the surrounding districts
were much estranged during these eventful years.

Domestic Affairs of Ui Fidhgente.

Having traced the Danish colony at Limerick so far,
we now return to the history of the Hy Fidhgente.

The sovereignty of the tribe fluctuated between the
chieftains of Lli Conaill Gabhra and the Ui Cairbre,
which was regulated by well established principles of
Brehon Law. But in the confusion and demoralization
that followed on the wake of the Danish invasion these
principles were lost sight of and anarchy reigned supreme.

Every petty chief aspired to the sovereignty of the
tribe, and every means that was calculated to secure
success was employed regardless of consequences. The
meagre details that our native Annals furnish regarding
the domestic affairs of the Hy Fidhgente are here set
down in chronological order : —

1014. 1 Cairbre, son of Cleirichen, Lord of the Hy Fidhgente,
was treacherously slain by Malcolm of Kenry. Cleirchen
was the ancestor of the O'Cleireachains, anglicized Cleary
and Clarke, names still extant in the Co. Limerick.

1027. Donnchadh, son of Brian, led an army into Ossory,
where he was defeated, and there were slain on that occasion
the two sons of Cuilen, son of Conchobhar, Lord and tainist
of Ui Conaill.

1031. He renewed the attack and was again defeated,
leaving many of his associates, amongst them the two royal
heirs of Ui Conaill and Malcolm of Kenry.

1045. Gluniarn Na Clercen (Clery), Lord of Ui Cairbre,
died.

1049. Conor Ua Cinnfhaelaidh (Kinealy), Lord of Ui
Conaill Gabhra, was slain by the Eugenians of Killarney.

1088. Domhnall, son of MacLochlain, King of Ireland,

1 Antis. Four Masters under the respective years.

80 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

and Roderic O'Connor of Connaught, burned Limerick and
plundered the plain of Munster, that is Emly. Lough Gur,
Bruree, Dun Aiched (probably Dunachip in the parish of
Dysert near Croom) Drummin, and they carried away the
head of O'Ruaric from the hills of Singland. It wasjn this
raid they demolished Kincora.

1099. Roderic O'Connor again returned to Munster and
burned Dun Aichet.

iioi. It is probable that Murtagh O'Brien, King of
Munster, removed his residence to the city of Limerick
after Kincora was destroyed. The first opportunity that
offered he marched with a large army into Ulster, and
demolished the Grennan of Ely in revenge for Kincora, and
his soldiers brought the stones to Limerick where they were
inserted on the parapet of the palace.

1 105. Maelruanaidh Ua Bilraighe, Lord of Ui Cairbre
and tutor of Turlogh O'Brien, died. The family of
O' Bilraighe (O'Billery) were of the same race as the
O' Donovans, but sunk into obscurity after this period.

O'Heerin says of them : —

O' Bilraighe who used to bestow cows
Over Lli Conaill of the field of Gabhra
King of truth of fair lands
The smooth dells of heavy fruit.

1 1 27. Turlough O'Connor plundered Ui Conaill at Faing
(Foynes Island) from his fleet, and in the following year
repeated the attack on two occasions.

Hy Fidhgente must have been reduced to poverty
and the spirit of its people broken after so many raids
from outside. These, together with the domestic dissen-
sions of its chieftains, were unconsciously preparing an
easy conquest for the adventurers that were soon to
appear on the horizon and blot out that name for ever
more from the topography of the country.

CHAPTER VI.

THE NORMANS.

The two great rulers, spiritual and temporal, that divided
the honours of Limerick between them when the Normans
invaded the country, were Brictius, the bishop who
succeeded Turgesius, and Donald, King of Thomond.

1168. When Donald became King of North Munster
he engaged in a fierce contest with Turlough O'Connor,
which after a display of much wasteful energy, ended in
a truce.

1168.1 In the meantime Dermot MacAIurrough, who
had been driven out of his kingdom of Leinster, repaired
to the court of Henry II., King of England, to invoke
the aid of that powerful prince in restoring him to his
lost inheritance.

Having succeeded in enhsting some Welsh knights
in his favour, he returned to Ireland, and was soon
followed by a band of these adventurers, who imme-
diately overran Leinster, and secured Dermot in his
possessions. More reinforcements soon landed, and as
their numbers increased their ambition widened. Though
coming as mercenary troops they now determined to
place the whole country under their rule.

Roderic, the Ard-Righ, realising the situation, sum-
moned the kings and chiefs of the country to his standard,
so that by a combined effort they might be able to rid the
country of such unwelcome and ill-conditioned visitors^
O'Brien instead of obeying the call of his superior, like

1 See Conquest of Ireland, by Gerald Cambrensis, Bohn's edition,
p. 184, etc.

a

82 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

a true patriot, saw in the movement a favourable oppor-
tunity to renew hostilities against O'Connor. To better
effect his purpose he had recourse toDermotMacMorrough,
his father-in-law, who sent to his assistance a detach-
ment of Normans under the leadership of FitzStephen.
This contingent united with Donald's forces, and after
several engagements succeeded in driving back O'Connor
to his own territories.

1 170. It was during this expedition, Cambrensis
gravely informs us, that a woman was seen at the court
of King Donald with a beard, and a mane hke a horse's
upon her back.

1172. At the close of the year 1171 Henry came to
Ireland, accompanied by a great retinue of knights and
men-at-arms. He landed at Waterford. M'Carthy of
Desmond was the first Irish king to welcome him. He
then did homage and swore fealty to Henry as his lord,
and gave hostages as security for the regular payment
of a yearly tribute.

At Cashel Henry was met by O'Brien, who sued for
peace, which was willingly granted. He also became
tributary to the king, and swore fealty which he pro-
mised faithfully to observe. It is said Henry then
appointed his own governors and officers in the cities
of Limerick and Cork. The leading kings and chiefs,
excepting those of Ulster, not long afterwards made a
kind of submission to the English monarch.

The clergy in consequence of the action of their
temporal lords were bound to follow suit, and met the
king at Cashel, where a synod was held. After six
months' stay in the country, Henry returned to England,
leaving behind a host of greedy adventurers, who at once
set about aggrandizing themselves at the expense of the
natives, instead of settling down quietly in the enjoy-
ment of their already acquired estates.

THE NORMANS. 83

The native princes at length assembled their forces
to protect their patrimony against such unjustifiable
proceedings. O'Brien joined O'Connor (1174), and met
the army of Strongbowat Thurles,i where tliey inflicted
a crushing defeat on the invaders.

O'Brien now became very active against the new-
comers, and being a man not wanting in ability did much
to wipe out the disgrace of submission by his subsequent
action.

Raymond le Gros assembled a strong force and
marched on Limerick, which was Donald's stronghold.
When they reached the city all the bridges were broken
down, and the river surrounding it was deep and rapid.
However, having found a ford, they were soon at the
other side. The inhabitants retreated within the walls,
but were quickly followed "W the Normans, who signal-
ized the victory by a slaughter of the citizens. Having
placed a garrison in the town, Raymond went to another
part of the country, where his services were required
{1176). Immediately O'Brien succeeded in getting the
city again into his possession, but had to evacuate it
on the return of the Norman forces. Raymond now
remained for a considerable time to refresh his troops.
During the interval he had an interview, in the neigh-
bourhood of Killaloe, with O'Brien and Roderic O'Connor,
both of whom again renewed their allegiance to the King
of England, and gave hostages for their good behaviour.

1177. When Strongbow died, Raymond was sum-
moned to Dublin. Before leaving, he appointed Donald
governor of Limerick, as a mark of respect, and perhaps
as a means of conciliating him. No sooner had the
English crossed over the bridge than it was broken
down behind them, and they beheld with grief that
noble city, so well fortified and containing such fair

'See Anns. Four Masters, vol. iii., p. 17.

84 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

buildings and stored with all manner of provisions
collected from all quarters, given to the flames, fire being
set to it in four places by Donald, who declared that
Limerick should be no longer a nest for foreigners.

When the King of England was informed of the results
of this enterprise he is reported to have said, " the
attack of Limerick was a bold adventure, its relief a
greater, but its evacuation an act of pure wisdom."

Donald being now free from the Normans, turned his
arms against the Eugenians, laying waste their country
with fire and sword. He compelled them to seek shelter
in the woods and fastnesses of West Cork, on the south
side of the Lee. It was in this expedition he routed the
Donovans of Cairbre, beyond the mountain of Manger-
ton, to the westward part of the County Cork (1178),^
where they settled down in new homes, and where some
of their descendants, after the vicissitudes of centuries,
are to be found in opulence. By this inroad the
martial spirit of L^i Fidhgente was quenched, and the
name even dropped out of use, although the Annals
mention that O'Colean- of Cleanglass plundered the
country'' near Lough Gur this very 3^ear, but it may have
been before Donald's attack,

Donald was engaged in many conflicts which have
no direct bearing on the history of Limerick. In most
of them he was victorious, and succeeded in maintaining
the independence of Limerick up to the time of his
death, which took place in the year 1194. He was a
brave and skilful adversary, but like most of his des-
cendants thoroughly selfish. When he encountered the
invaders on equal terms he was always victorious. If he
maintained the same determined policy against the
enemies of his country in the earlier years of his reign

1 See Anns. Four blasters, vol. iii., p. 45, notes.

2 Ibid.

THE NORMANS. 85

that he displayed in his dechning years, the fate of Ireland
might have been different.

Brictius, the Bishop of Limerick, after Donald's
surrender to Henry, went to the Synod of Cashel, and
promised to put in force in his diocese the disciplinary
canons that were passed at that synod. He also assisted
at the General Council of Lateran. On his way he had
to pass through England and take an oath that he with
his companions would do nothing at that Council against
the interests of the king. From the State Papers i we
learn that he travelled with St. Laurence O'Toole, Arch-
bishop of Dublin, and that the king paid their passage.
1 188. It was during his reign that Hugh Beaghan,
Bishop of Scattery, died, and then, with the help of the
new powers, Brictius was able to put on a permanent basis
the laws passed by Gillebert regarding the extent of his
diocese. He was ahve in 1194, as he is supposed to have
received in that year a grant of land from Donald O'Brien
The document is still extant, and runs as follows : —

Donald, 2 King of Lumneach, to all the faithful of God
as well present as to come, greeting. Know ye all that
I have granted to Brictius, Bishop of Limerick, and his suc-
cessors, and to the clergy of St. Mary's, Limerick, in free
and perpetual alms the lands of Imungram (Mungret), and
the lands of Ivamnach ; that is from the arch of Imungram
to the lands of Imahn (now Knocknagaul), and from the
ford of Cein, to the river Shannon, with all their appendices,
and in ratification of this my grant in Fronkalmoigne, I
confirm it with the impression of my seal.

Witness, Lord Matthew, Archbishop of Cashel, and Roger
O'Grady.

This grant is substantially the same as the present
parish of Mungret, which will be treated of more fully
when we come to the Bishop's Manors. The exact date

'< S.C.D.I., year 1178-79, No. 56.
^ B.B.L., page 21.

86 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

of this good bishop's death is unknown, but it is thought
to have taken place about the year 1199.

The Early Norman Settlements in Limerick.

1 1 79. Henry watched closely the career of his Norman,
subjects in Ireland, and fearing they might shake off their
allegiance he appointed his son John, Lord of the country.
John parcelled out Leinster and Munster amongst
some of his most powerful nobles. The lands lying
between Cork and Lismore were given to De Cogan and
FitzStephen. The kingdom of Limerick ^ was granted to
Herbert Fitzherbert, who resigned it in favour of Philip
de Braosa (Bruce), who is thought to be the same as
Philip of Worcester. Cogan and FitzStephen having
secured their new possessions, marched with a large army
to establish Philip in his new kingdom. When the
Limerick people saw the army approaching they at once
set fire to the city. Braosa perceiving the determina-
tion of the enemy did not risk the chance of defeat»
especially as his followers were for the most part drawn
from the scum of South Wales, who came for plunder
rather than fight.

The English became again masters of the city soon
after Donald's death, as we find that John Strafford, a man
of that nation, was appointed Provost in the year 1195.
History does not relate how this change came about.

John, as Earl of Morton, took a great interest in
the welfare of the city. While residing at Killaloe, in
the year 1197, he granted a charter to it which conferred
great privileges on the citizens.'^

' See Geraldus Camb., p. 284-5.

' True copy of this charter : —

John, Lord of Ireland, Earl of Morton, to the Archbishops, Bishops,
Abbots, Earls, Barons, Justiciaries, Bailiffs, and to all his servants
and faithful subjects of all Ireland greeting : know ye that we have
given, and by this Charter confirmed for us and our heirs unto the
citizens of Limerick, that they and their heirs do have and hold the

THE NORMANS. 8/

1 198. They were not long in the enjoyment of this
royal boon, when M'Carthy, King of Desmond, cap-
tured the city, and put the English to flight. The reverse
of fortune was only temporary.

Most of the documents relating to Limerick during
Richard's reign are missing, but from the position of
affairs as revealed in King John's time, it seems that
the invaders were actively engaged in subduing and
exterminating the natives. Hamo de Valoignes legally
secured them in those newly made-conquests, and John,
as Earl of Morton, and afterwards as king, formally
sanctioned them.

When John became King of England, he still paid
a good deal of attention to the affairs of Ireland. He
appointed as Justiciary Myler Fitzhenry, who was one
of the first batch of invaders, and remarkable for the
bravery he displayed in the early campaigns against the
Irish. Perceiving the necessity of fixing his power in
Munster on a soUd footing. King John gave formal
sanction to all who had acquired possessions there
during the vice-royalty of Hamo. To carry out the
design of the king, Wilham de Burgo, marched into

City of Limerick with all the appurts, and burgages internal and ex-
ternal to the city, appertaining in fee farm by the return which was
appointed by Hamond de Valois with pleas and aiguists, and that
they have all the liberties and free customs through all Ireland which
the citizens of Dublin have ; wherefore, we will, and firmly prescribe
that our citizens of Limerick and their heirs after them, to have and
to hold all the liberties and free customs aforesaid and as presented.
For the rest know ye that [we hold as] ratified, and well pleasing, and
established for ever, the deliverances of burgages with all the liberties
and prescriptions which Hamond de Valois made in the city of
Limerick, as he let the aforesaid burgages to my citizens of the same
city.

[Whereof 1 these are witnesses, Killaloe, i8th day of December,
in the Ninth Year of King Richard's reign (a.d. 1197-98).

Hugo De Valois.

Richard De Force.

Fulke De Carolupo.

Hubert De Burgo.
(Translated from the Arthur MSS.) Lenihan's History of Limerick.
p. 47 n.

88 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Munster, and effected a permanent settlement at
Limerick, which has since defied the power of the Gael.

John granted De Burgo the custody of the city, a
portion of the country round Castle Connell, and in
1199, he alsr- received a grant of Ardpatrick, with the
residue of the cantred of Fontimel. According to the
Black Book of Limerick he was Sheriff of Munster.
While at Limerick he won over to his side the sons of
Donald O'Brien, With these new allies and the English
of Munster he marched as far as Cork, where he spent a
week plundering the Gaels and laying waste their lands

About this time the O'Connors of Connaught began
to quarrel amongst themselves. Taking advantage of
this dispute De Burgo enforced his claim to the lands
granted to him by King John in that country. The
usurper at once complied with the demand in order to
secure the help of such a powerful ally. De Burgo 1
then marched into Connaught, and after some stiff
fighting placed his friend on the throne.

After returning to Limerick he became more or less
an independent chief, making peace and war at his own
good pleasure. Fitzhenry, the Justiciary, became alarmed
at these proceedings, and marched into Munster to curb
the ambition of this noble, who acted more like a royal
potentate than a subject. On the march he was joined
by the exiled Connaught chief, and of course an O'Brien
of Thomond. This was the first time that an English
governor was seen leading the Gael to suppress his
own countrymen. Myler immediately invested the city
When De Burgo saw the great superiority of the opposing
forces he surrendered to the representative of his king.
He was then sent to the court of John,^ but before

1 See Anns. Four Alasiers, vol. iii., year 1199, also year 1201
notes, also Leland, History of Ireland, vol. i. chap. 6, Dublin, Third
Edition, 1774.

2 See 5.C.£>.7., vol. i. (1171-1251), Nos. 181, 187, 213, 214, 230.
See also Anns. Four blasters, vol. iii., pp. 144-5, notes.

THE NORMANS. oQ

leaving was compelled to place hostages in the Viceroy's
keeping, as a guarantee of good faith. The king received
his old friend graciously, and wrote to Myler that De
Burgo was to be restored to all his possessions, including
the castles of Killefeacle and Askeaton, but still to retain
the hostages.

1204. After a short trip to Normandy with his royal
master he returned to Ireland, and was reinstated in all
his property. He died towards the end of the same
year, and was interred in a monastery founded by him-
self, under the invocation of St. Edmond, king and
martyr, for Augustinian Canons at Athiseal (low ford),
in the county of Tipperary, on the west bank of the Suir,
in the barony of Clanwilliam.

The grants of land that are mentioned in the State
Papers as having been made at the close of this century
ia Limerick, are here set down :—

1199.1 Hamo de Valoignes, an Anglo-Norman knight
of Suffolk, was justiciary of the country from 1197 to
1 199. During his term of offtce he got a grant of two
cantreds of land in Hockenil (Hy Conaill) to hold of the
king by the service of ten knights. In a letter written
by the king in the 3'ear 1200 he refers to Hamo as being
disabled by infirmity to execute his employments in
England. The custody of his Irish property was granted
to Hugh de Neville, and subsequently to Wilham de
Burgh. The castle of Hinniskisty (Askeaton) was part
of the property, a fact which clearly shows that the
two cantreds lay in the neighbourhood of that castle.
The estate was restored to Hamo's son and heir in the
year 1212.

1199.- Robert Sergant got a grant of one knight's fee

' See Index to first volume, S.C.D.I., where under Valoignes,
Hamo de, all the references to him will be found.

2 See S.C.D.I. under year 1199 for this and following grant.

go DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

at Clonhuhirdecan (Caherdavin ?) and Clonomincan
(Clonmakin ?), in the fee of Huertheru. He also
received four burgages, two of which were in the island
and two between the city and the bridge, at each side
of the latter, near the wall ; all being outside the city.

A grant to Walter Crop of one knight's fee at Karvthi
(Carnarr}^), and Kalke, in the fee of Hoctierne, in the
cantred of Huhene.i

1200.2 William de Breouse (Bruce) nephew to PhiHp
before mentioned, received a grant of the honor of
Limerick for 5,000 marcs. He had already large pos-
sessions in Normand}^ England, and Wales, to which
peculiar immunities and privileges were attached-
For many years he stood high in the confidence of the
king, into whose hands he delivered Prince Arthur of
Bretagne, the rival claimant to the English crown, who
had been captured while besieging his grandmother, the
old Queen Eleanor, in the fortress of Mirabeau, in Poitou
His wife had the reputation of being a prudent and
virtuous lady. His sons and daughters were married
into the flower of the English aristocracy.

Philip deferred for some years the payment of the
money he promised the Crown. Hence disputes arose
between him and the king which reached a climax when
the latter, to secure himself against Papal excommuni-
cation, required the English nobles to place their children
in the royal custody as pledges of their fidelity. Breouse's
wife refused to comply with this mandate, and was reported
to have said that the sons of her kinsfolk would not be safe
in the custody of John, as it was publicly rumoured
that he murdered with his own hands Prince Arthur,
the son of his elder brother and rightful heir to the
throne of England. John immediately seized Breouse's

' Also Black Book, p. 89.

2 See S.C.D.I., year 1200, also Gilbert's Viceroys of Ireland, p. 68-
and following.

THE NORMANS 9 1

property in lieu of the money due for the honor of
Limerick. He next endeavoured to capture de Breouse
himself. After many attempts he succeeded in getting
the wife and his son Wilham into his hands, and im-
prisoned them in Windsor Castle, where they were
starved to death. The husband was more fortunate, as
he escaped to France in the disguise of a beggar, where
he died soon afterwards (1214), and was buried in the
Abbey "of St. Victor, by his brother Gillies, Bishop of
Hereford.

Henry III made amends for his father, by restoring
in 1277 all Philip's possessions in Munster to his son
Reginald, who swore fealty,

1206. Myler Fitzhenry got a mandate from the king
to hold an inquisition by the liegemen of the kingdoms
of Cork and Limerick, whether the castle of Kilmallock,
and the cantreds of Karbery, Wahtrah, Slevardat, Cumsy,
etc., belong to the kingdoms of Cork or Limerick. There
is no account extant of the result of this inquisition.
But as some of those places were then and now in the
county of Limerick, it proves that some territorial divi-
sions such as counties, were made at a very early period
of the Norman occupation. ^

1 S.C.D.T., vol. i., No. 2S9.

XTbirteentb (Xenturv^

CHAPTER VII.

THE CHURCHES OF THE DIOCESE.

At the opening of the thirteenth century Donat O'Brien,
a scion of the royal house of that name, was bishop of
the diocese.

In the year 1201,1 Myler Fitzhenr}' ordered an in-
quisition to be held regarding the ecclesiastical property
of the diocese. William de Burgh presided over the
inquiry, with a jury composed of twelve Irish, twelve
English, and twelve Danes. The three races that formed
the population of the city and county were equally re-
presented. It proves what a strong settlement of Danes
must have been in the city and county when they were
entitled to such a representation. This is a very valuable
document, as it throws great light in the early history
of the Church in Limerick. At the end of the list of
cliurches there will be given a more detailed comment
on this document, which is taken from the Blazk Book.

Imlcchdroinggi.

The first church mentioned in the inquisition is
Imlcchdroinggi, and like all Irish words of this period
has many forms, such as Imlachdreyn, Imlachdreyng, &c.
It is now written Emlygrenan, which means (Bile-
Ghroidhnin),! " Grenan's ancient tree." The name is
taken from the townland where the church was built,
and in the course of time applied to the present parish.
The graveyard of that name marks the site of the ancient

1 See B.B.L., p. 14.

2 See Irish Names (Joyce), ist Series.

THE CHURCHES OF THE DIOCESE. 93

church which was dedicated to St. Mohia, and may have
been one of his numerous foundations in the territory
of Hy Fidhgente. The wall surrounding the graveyard
was built by the Kilmallock Board of Guardians, and is
constructed of very large stones, evidently taken from
the old ruin, thereby demolishing what ought to have
been preserved.

St. Molua's Well i is in the middle of a green field
near the graveyard, without bush or tree of any kind
near it. There is a well worn path made around it by
the constant tread of the pilgrims that frequent the
place to invoke the aid of the patron. It is generally
frequented by people afflicted by ague or some kindred
diseases. The recognised custom coming down from
remote times is for the pilgrims who visit this shrine to
come on three successive Saturdays, and while walking
the path, to recite six Paters and six Aves. Then they
kneel beside the well and say together one third of the
Rosary. They then drink of the water some of which
is taken to invalids at home. The local festival, called
the Pattern, is kept on the 3rd of August, when the
people of the surrounding country assemble to honour
the saint, and place themselves under his special pro-
tection for the coming year.

Many in distant lands, suffering from diseases, have
been known to write to their friends, living near the
well, to perform the rounds for them. By the effiicacy
of their prayers the invalids have been known to be
restored to health.

Kylmechelloc ^ {Kilmallock).
Kilmallock derives its name from St. Mocheallog-

1 See O'Hanlon, Lives of Irish Saints, vol. viii., p. 69 ; 4th August
has been generally assigned as the Saint's feast, see O'Hanlon, vol. viii.,
p. 65.

2 See Colgan, A.S.H., p. 749 ; also O'Hanlon, vol. iii., March 26th.

94 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

There is no regular life of this saint extant, but from
allusions to him in the lives of other saints we learn
that he flourished in the end of the sixth and begin-
ning of the seventh centuries. He is usually styled
Mochelloc of Cather-mac-Conchaigh, an ancient city
of Lismore. In his younger days he studied under St.
Declan. Some authorities say he was both bishop and
abbot. 1

The ruins of the church he founded are situated on a
gently rising eminence, about one mile north-west of
the present town of Kilmallock. There are only about
two feet in height of the walls of the old church standing,
and they are nearly covered with earth and grass. The
length of the building, judging from what remains,
would be 22 ^ feet long, and 12 feet 3 inches wide. The
thickness of the walls would be about 3 feet. The few
stones of the foundations that are visible are large, and
no lime discernible between them.

There is a graveyard attached to the ruin, but it
is now scarcely ever used. St. Mocheallog died some-
time between the years 639 and 656. According to the
Calendars his feast day falls on the 26th March. Very
little is known about the monastery founded here by
our samt, except the following entries which occur in
the Annals of the Four Masters : —

1028. Flaithnia Ua Tighernain, lector of Cill-Dacheallog
died.

1050. Conall, airchinneach of Cill-Mocheallog and its
lector previously, died. [He was the officer or steward who
regulated the lands belonging to the monastery. After
deducting his own expenses, gave the remainder to the
church and the poor. He was bound to keep the church in
repair. The Airchinneach was usually a layman, and the
office as a rule was hereditary.]

lO.S.L.. R.I. A.

THE CHURCHES OF THE DIOCESE.

95

Ardmacwelan,
now known as Ardevolan, near Kilmallock. There was
no church there in 1615.

Brugrinuysi (Bruree) or Brugriminsi {perhaps Brugrimiinsi).
The old church was near the present village of Bruree.
There is a well in the village dedicated to St. Munchin,
whose festival is kept as a holiday in the parish.

ARDPATRICK CHURCH.

Ardpatrick.^
The ruins of this church are to be seen on the hill
of that name about four miles south of Kilmallock, and
command a pleasant prospect. St. Patrick built a church
here, which in the course of time developed into a monas-
tery, the history of which has been completeh^ lost.
The old church is a plainly built structure, with walls
of great thickness. The doorway was surmounted by a

I O.S.L., R.I.A. ; O'Hanlon, vol. iii., p. 700.

q6 diocese of limerick.

bartizan. A similar contrivance may be seen in the old
castles, which is called by the people a " murdering
hole." It projected from the highest part of the wall,
and the corbels that supported it are still there. This
mode of defence was used for throwing boihng water,.
melted lead, or such things on people endeavouring to
force the church door.

A short distance to the west of the church there is a
stump of a round tower, which must have been one of
the finest in Ireland in its day, judging from the site.
There is also a well near the tower said to be forty feet
in depth and lined with stones, but now closed up.

The following entries are taken from the Annals of
the Four Masters : —

1 114. Ardpatrick was burned.

1129. Celsus, successor of St. Patrick, a son of purity
and Archbishop of the West of Europe, the only head whDm
the foreigners and the Irish of Ireland, both clergy and
laity, obeyed ; after having ordained bishops, priests, and
persons of every degree, after having consecrated many
churches and cemeteries, after bestowing jewels and wealth,
after having estabhshed rules and good morals among ah,
both laity and clergy ; after having spent a Hfe of fasting
and prayer and Mass celebration, after unction and good
penance, resigned his spirit to heaven at Ardpatrick in
Munster, on the first day of April, on Monday precisely, in
the fiftieth year of his age. His body was conveyed to
Lismore Macuda in accordance with his own will. It was
waked with psalms, hymns, and canticles, and interred
with honour on the Thursday following.

Kilcomgai7i,'^
otherwise Kilconegan, alias Kilquane. This church

1 See B.B.L., p. 104 ; also Memorials of Adare, p. 289.

THE CHURCHES OF THE DIOCESE. 97

formed part of the Prebend of St. Munchin's, and was
in the deanery of Kilmallock.

Calathawa.^

There was a townland formerly called Ballycallowe,
in the parish of Uregare. Perhaps they are the same.

CUiencomarda -

— (Lawn of the sign or token). This church is now
known as Coleman's Well, and about two miles or so
to the south of Bruree parish. The Coleman that is
honoured here at present is Coleman of Kilmacduagh,
whose feast is kept on the 29th of October. Dr. Young,=^
Bishop of the diocese, says in a note in White's MS.
that the patron is Coleman of Cloyne.

Coleman was Bishop of Cloyne, and descended from
the royal family of Munster, He was remarkable for
his poetical talents, and is the author of the metrical
Life of St. Senan. St. Ita foretold his conversion to
St. Brendan of Clonfert, which took place about the
middle of the sixth century, after assisting at the in-
auguration of the King of Cashel as a royal bard. He
died in the year 601 or 604, on the 24th of November.

Tullachless *

— Tullach Leas — the hill of the huts. It is now known
as Tullylease, in the diocese of Cloyne, Co. Cork, about
one mile south of Drumcollogher. The patron saint of

1 See Census of Ireland MS. in R.I. A., attributed to the year
1659. I made a copy of it in 1902.

2 See War of the Gaedhill with the Gaill, chap, iv., note 3.

3 See Lenihan, History of Limerick, p. 560.

* See an Essay by Dr. Reeves in Ulster Journal of Archceology,
July, 1858 ; O'Hanlon, LJI/C5 of Irish Saints, vol. ii., p. 625.

H

C)8 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

this church is St. Beretchert, locally called Benjamin.
According to the Annals of the Four Masters his death
took place in the year 839, " Berichter of Tulach-leis,
died 6th December." He was brother of St. Gerald of
Mayo, and son of a Saxon prince. They are represented
as leaving England after the Synod of Whitby, and
came over to Ireland with a great many followers. The
name is a Saxon one, and variously written. Local
tradition asserts that he came to TuUylease from the
parish of CuUen, where he lived and died, as his tomb-
stone is yet to be seen leaning against the east wall of
the old church.

It is a plain flag of sandstone, measuring 3 feet in
length and 2 in breadth, elaborately finished, and the
edges well defined. The upper corner of the right side
has been broken off, and many careful searches have
been made for it without success. Some fragments of
stones were found having circular patterns of great age
smiilar to those on the slab. There can be no doubt
but the part broken off contained the letters " I H S
Jesus," as a counterpart to "X P S Christus," which
occupies the other angle. The inscription is written in
a rude form of Irish letter, near the base of the old Celtic
cross on the slab. It is as follows : —

Qui cumque hunc titulo

legerit orat pro

Berechtune,

Dr. Reeves explains the strange spelling of the
saint's name in the inscription as the result of ignorance
or carelessness of the sculptor. This is one of the very
few inscribed stones to be met with in this part of the
country, and deserves more care than is bestowed upon
it.

There is another coffin-shaped stone near the slab
leaning against the same wall, on which is engraved

THE CHURCHES OF THE DIOCESE.

99

the figure of a man with a curled head of hair, a swallow-
tailed coat, breeches, and boots, under which is cut in

ST. BERETCHEART'S TOMBSTONE, AT TULLYLEASE, CO. CORK.

modern letters, Berichert. The figure was made by a
stone-cutter of Charleville, about the year 1830, and has

100 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

been much injured of late by the scratching of a cross
with a rough stone by some of those who frequent the
place to pay rounds.

The old church looks hke a thirteenth century
building, but the foundations of a much older one are
pointed out. Near the church is the holy well, much
frequented by the people of the counties of Limerick
and Cork.

At the dissolution of monasteries in Ireland, it
formed a portion of the possessions of the monastery of
Kells, Co. Kilkenny.

The feast of the saint has been unaccountably trans-
ferred from the 6th of December to the i8th of February.
This must have taken place a long time ago, as there
is no one alive who remembers the change. On the
patron's day great multitudes assembled at the station,
when Mass used to be celebrated, but is now dis-
continued.

The O'Nunans were hereditary wardens of this church
and proprietors of the land of Tullylease, Castleishen,
and Muscary O'Noonan i (parish of Drumcollogher). They
were bound to keep the church in repair, and defray the
expenses of Divine service, for which the lands were
originally granted. 2

Kildeochaliathain

— Killogholehan. This old church is situated in a
narrow valley, south of the village of Broadford, and
gives its name to a parish. It is a very ancient ruin,
and in a fair state of preservation, as it was repaired
some years ago by the Board of Works. At one time
it was a- pure Celtic church, measuring about 50 feet
long and 30 feet wide. After the coming of the English »

1 Peyton's Survey.

2 O'Brien's Irish Dictionary, last page.

THE CHURCHES OF THE DIOCESE. lOI

windows and doors of the Norman style were inserted,
but it still preserves the outline of the primitive style.
At the Gospel side of the altar, which is in a fair state
of preservation, there are the remains of a tomb of an
elaborate kind erected over some person of consequence
in his day, but now forgotten.

KILLOGHOLEHAN CHURCH.

Like Tullylease, it belonged to the monastery ot
Kells. There are very few burials there now. It was
dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary ad Nives, 5th
August.i

Clucncrema {Clo)icrew).~

Cluain Creamha (a meadow of wild garlic). This church
is a few miles east of Drumcollogher, and gives its name
to a parish. It belonged to the archdeacon, and in
Elizabeth's time it is set down as one of the old church

1 See Lenihan's History of Limerick, p. 564.

2 0.5.L.. R.I. A.

102 DIOCESE OF IIMERICK.

tiiaths 1 which was exempted from taxes. It was
dedicated to St. Borthanus.

DrumcollechaeUi .^

Drum-coU-coille, height of the hazel wood or Hazel-
mount, now Drumcollogher. This church was in the
tuath of Corkomoyd, and in after years became a chapel
to the church of that name, and was served by a resident
chaplain. It was burned dow^n about 1303. The present
ruin is near the town at the south side, and probably
dates from the burning of the older one. It was dedi-
cated to St, Bartholomew.

Cluenclaidmcch.

Some of our antiquarians erroneously identify this
church with Cloncagh. The following references to it
are to be found in the life of St. Maidoc* of Ferns.

Maidoc, having heard that some of his countrymen were
imprisoned in Hy Conaill, went to visit the chief of the district
where they were confmed to obtain their release. When he
arrived at the rath of the chieftain, he was not permitted
to enter the enclosure nor allowed to see the chief. The
saint remained near the rath for some days in prayer. After
a striking manifestation of God's power through the in-
strumentality of Maidoc this chief relented, and miade an
humble apology to the saint for his harsh treatment of him.
As a proof of the sincerity of his repentance he bestowed
the rath on Maidoc to found a monastery.

The place where this remarkable event took place
is called in Colgan's life of the Saint, Cluainclaidheach^
which cannot be identified with Cloncagh, as that

1 See Peyton's Sityvey.
2O.S.L., R.I. A.
^S.C.D.T., year 1306.

4 See Colgan A.S.H., p. 213, chap, xxxviii. ; O'Hanlon, vol. i.,
chap, v., p. 556.

THE CHURCHES OF THE DIOCESE. IO3

church occurs further on in this Hst. From its position
in this hst, between DrumcoUogher and Clonelty, it must
be the old church corresponding with Mahoonagh. In
the townkmd of Balhnakill, as the name suggests, there
was an old ruin, and evidently the one referred to. There
is the remains of an old church in Ballydoorty. It is
related in the same life, that Maidoci on another occasion
paid a visit to Hy Conaill to meet his confessor, St-
Molua, who was then on a visit to his friends in the
neighbouring tuath of Corcoide. The name of the
monastery he stopped at is not given, but from the
nearness to Killeedy it must have been this one. While
staying there he heard a great ringing of bells, and
enquiring what was the reason, he was informed that a
beloved sister of St. Ita's community was dead. He
sent one of the monks with his crozier and ordered him
to lay it on the breast of the dead sister. The disciple
did as the saint directed and the nun was immediately
restored to life. Cluainclaidheach would only be about
three miles from Killeedy.

The present ruined church of Mahoonagh is a Norman
building dating probably from the foundation of the
Manor.

Clondti iCloncliy)."
The rums of this church are about three miles east of
Mahoonagh. The church took its name from the town-
land where it is built. Clonelty is derived from Cluain,
an insulated meadow and eiht, a doe, and gives its name
also to the parish. The old church is now popularly
known as BaUinoe, and has the appearance of being very
old. It was partly modernized and fitted up for Pro-
testant worship after the Reformation. It was never

1 Colgan, A.S.H., p. 215, chap. liv. ; O'Hanlon, chap, vi., p. 564,
vol. i. Irish Saints.

2 O.S.L.. R.I. A.

104

DIOCESE OF LniERICK.

divided into a nave and choir, but forms one oblong
building. It measures about 50 feet in length and 21
feet in breadth. The eastern gable has almost entirely
disappeared, but the western one is in a fair state of pre-
servation and covered with ivy. In the southern wall,
about 3 feet from the eastern gable there is a small window

Extends the

wliole thickness

of the wall

THE DOORWAY OF CLONELTY CHURCH.

which measures in the inside 4 feet 6 inches in height,
and 4 feet 2 inches in breadth. It forms a flat arch at
top, and its sides are built of cut freestone. On the out-
side it is rectangular in shape and constructed of cut
limestone. The west gable contains a semicircular
headed doorway measuring 6 feet 11 inches in height,
and 2 feet 7 inches in width where the arch springs, and

THE CHURCHES OF THE DIOCESE. 105

2 feet 10 inches at bottom. O'Donovan, who visited
this place, looked on it as a very curious specimen of our
ancient architecture, and well worth preserving.

Clonki,^

Now Cloncagh (battle-field). The old church is in a
state of great dilapidation, but judging from what remains
it seems to be of great antiquity, but invested with a
fictitious importance, since it was thought to be the
church in connection with Maidoc's monastery. It is
built in a large moat containing seven acres of land.
According to a local legend this moat was surrounded
by an enormous serpent whose head reached to its tail
when St. Patrick visited the locality. This serpent had
a habit of putting his tail into his mouth and springing
into the air in the evenings to the great terror and dismay
of the natives. One evening when St. Patrick saw the
monster taking his usual exercise, he struck him with
a missal and killed him.

There is a holy well near the church dedicated to St.
Patrick where rounds are performed.

Kilitc, now Killeedv, see life of St. Ita.

ArdacJi^^

Ardagh (high field). This church is about two miles
north of Newcastle West. The old ruin is beside the
Catholic church, quite close to the railway station. It
measures about 20 feet in breadth, but its length cannot
be well determined, as the western gable has entirely
disappeared. Judging, however, from what remains,
it was considerable, as 72 feet of the south wall remains.

1 O.S.L,, R.I. A. See Archdall, and after him Petrie. Round Towers,
O'Donovan, etc.

■■'O.S.L.. R.I. A.

ro6 THE DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

About one hundred and fifty paces to the south of
the church there is a holy weU dedicated to St. Molua,
who probably founded one of his monasteries here. In
times gone by the well was shaded by an aged ash tree
measuring 4 feet 6 inches in girth at the base, which has
now disappeared. It is still frequented by the parish-
ioners who pay rounds there on the 3rd of August, th3
eve of the saint's feast. About 50 years ago the 4th of
August was kept as a parish holiday in honour of St.
Molua, but the custom has fallen into disuse.

ARDAGH CHALICE.

The Ardas!h Chalice.^

In the month of September, 1868, a young man
named Quin was digging potatoes at the south-western
side of a fort called Reerasta, beside the village of Ardagh

1 See Lord Dunraven's Essay, R.I. A. Publications. See Most
Rev. Dr. Healy, Ireland's Schools and Scholars, p. 562. Xtian In-
scriptions in the Irish Language, Edited by M. Stokes.

THE CHURCHES OF THE DIOCESE. 10/

and near the Carrigkerry road. When he reached the
bank close to a thorn bush he found the surface soft, and
driving his spade down between the roots of the thorn,
he found it strike something hard. His curiosity being
aroused, he cleared away the earth, and at the depth
of 3 feet found a beautiful cup now known as the Ardagh
chalice. In the cup there was a smaller one made of
bronze and five iibulae. The chalice is considered to
be " the finest specimen of Celtic art ever yet found."
It has two handles, and was probably used for the com-
munion of the laity, when the Eucharist was admin-
istered under the species of bread and wine. This cup,
which combines classic beauty with the most exquisite
examples of almost every variety of Celtic ornamenta-
tion, is 7 inches in height and g^ inches in diameter. The
foot is 64- inches in diameter, the depth of the bowl is
4^ inches, and it would contain three pints of liquid. It is
composed of gold, silver, bronze, brass, copper, and
lead. It is made up of 354 pieces, including 20 rivets.
There is a beautiful band running round the outside of
the bowl on which is engraved the names of the twelve
Apostles in the Roman uncial letters. The shape of
some of them is very peculiar and only to be found in
our most ancient MSS. The Earl of Dunraven, after
examining every detail of its composition, pronounced
it to be a work of art of the ninth or tenth century.
There is nothing known of the history of this precious
relic of a lost art, or how it came to be buried in the Rath.
It is suggested that it is one of the valuable cups that were
stolen from Clonmacnoise, in the year 1125, by a Limerick
Dane, who was captured and hanged the following year.
Be that as it may. A few years ago I had occasion to
call on an old lady in St. Munchin's parish. I found
on the parlour table an old timber cross of the Celtic
type, measuring about 8 inches in length. I asked her
the history of it. She told me her son was very intimate

I08 THE DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

with Dr. O'Connor, parish priest of Ardagh, and while
on a visit to that clergyman the articles that were found
at the Rath were brought to the parochial house. The
cross was one of them, and Dr. O'Connor gave it to her
son, who died a young man, and she kept it ever since,
and that if I wished I could take it, which I did. The
image of our Saviour is carved on one side, and has an
antique appearance. On the other side the emblems
of the Passion are cut by a later and ruder artist, be-
neath which are the figures 727, evidently intended for
1727, the date of the year.

The fact of such a cross being found with the chalice
proves that the date of concealment must have been
after the year 1727. Perhaps it may have taken place
about the year 1740, as the penal laws were rigorously
enforced at that time in the county Limerick. Tradition
says that Mass used to be said in the Rath where they
were found, in the penal times.

The chalice may have been used on these occasions
to distribute communion to the multitude that assembled
there. Perhaps when the alarm was given, and in the
hurry of the moment, these precious relics of bygone
times were hidden to prevent them from falling into the
hands of the enemy. The condition in which they were
found, there being no case or covering to protect them,
suggests that they were buried in a hurry. The priest
or person who placed them in the earth, may never have
got an opportunity of returning to the place to point out
the exact spot of their concealment ; and yet a tradition
lingered among the people that there was some treasure
concealed near the Rath.

This beautiful work of art is now in the Museum of
the Royal Irish Academy in Kildare Street, having been
purchased by the Government for £500 from Dr. Butler,
late Bishop of Limerick, who -acted as trustee for the
Sisters of Mercy, the owners of the property in which

THE CHURCHES OF THE DIOCESE. 109

it was found. The farm is now in the possession of the
parisli priest of Ardagh.

Killmitrillc.

Tliis church is in the count}' Kerry. It now forms
part of the parish of Ghn. Dr. Young made the following
entry in the Black Book of Limerick regarding it : ^

I, John Young, Bishop of Limerick, have recovered the
Church of Kilmurly with its appurtenances which for a long
time previously had not been in the possession of my pre-
decessors but under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Ardfert.

I attach it to the parish of Kilfergus this 13th day of
August, 1807.

Killcrgussa,

Now Kilfergus, better known as Glin. The old ruin
is a little south of the town. It is in a very ruinous
condition, but judging from what remains, seems to be
of considerable antiquity. 2

Magmor.

The name of this church is also written Moymore. It
lay near the village of Athea, and would correspond with
the present townland of Benmore, near which the old
ruined church called Temple Athea is situated.

The townland is included in the Manor of Shanid in

Bealachdroma, 3

or Ballaghdromar as it is sometimes written in documents
of this period. This is the only mention of the name in

-i-B.B.L., p. 152.

2 See Inquis, 1298, S.C.D.I., Manor of Shanid ; see White's List.
Lenihan, Limerick, and other references will be made to it later on,

3 See S.C.D.I.

no THE DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

connection with a church. It is set down in the inquisi-
tion of 1298 as belonging to the manor of Shanid, and
inhabited solely by Irish, which would indicate that it
was a large tract lying between Ballyhahill and Athea,
and may be the place now called Dromagarrum, where
unbaptized children are buried. The site of another old
church is pointed out in the townland of Flean where,
tradition alleges, three bishops are buried.

Leamchael,'^

(Leamh choill elm wood) now Loughill. This is the
remains of a primitive Irish church, divided into nave
and choir, and was built of large long stones with lime
and sand mortar. About 100 yards to the north of the
church is a well dedicated to St. Colmog. The parish of
Loughill was one of the bishop's manors.

Ardiyiwir

(western height), now Ardineer, a townland in the parish
of Robertstown near Foynes. There in no trace of a
church in the present townland, but Robertstown is
quite near and may have been originally in Ardineer.

Disert Murdcivar,^

now called Dysert, in the parish of Robertstown. Each
part of this compound word is still preserved as if they
had no relation to each other. The first part m the
t inland of Dysert, and the second in that of Morgans, the
name of the adjoining parish which originally included
Dysert, as the parish is cahed in old documents Dvsert-

2 See Memorials uf Adare, p. 277.
1 See O.S.L.

THE CHURCHES OF THE DIOCESE. Ill

merogan, Murirogan, and Morgans, as it is now called.
It takes its name from St. Muirdebhair the wise, whose
feast falls on the 3rd of November, according to the old
calendars. The Felire of Aengus calls him a " synod's
diadem." The Martyrology of Donegal at the same date
has the following notice of him : " Muirdeabhair the wise
of Disert Muirdebra in Ui Conaill Gabhra." O'Donovan
thought this was the same as Dysert near Adare, but in
this list of churches they are clearly distinguished. There
is a famous holy well near the townland of Dysert at the
head of a narrow creek that runs inland from the Shannon
c^alled Borrigone, which is much frequented by the people
of the surrounding country. This is the holy well of the
saint, but in course of time the " M " was changed into
" B," which is of frequent occurrence in place names of
this part of the country. There is no trace now of the
old church, which must have been near the well.

Seiigola,^

Seangualaiun (the old shoulder or hill) now Shanagolden.
The old church is to the west of the present village, and
was divided into nave and choir. The choir is now in
ruins, but the nave was fitted up and embelhshed with a
tower for Protestant worship. The parish was dedicated
to St. Senan, and his well is near the village.

Tomdaili, 2

(Tomdaile, The Bush of the river Deel), now Toomdeely,
a parish north-west of Askeaton and bordering on the
Shannon. The ruins of the old church do not seem to
be older than the fifteenth century. This parish was
one of the bishop's manors.

10.5.1., R.I.A. ^O.S.L.

THE DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Jnriasse,

now Iverus. The old church is at Beagh, near the castle
of that name.

Half of Inyscathidch,

now Scattery Island. See life of St. Senan. Further
reference will be made to this island later

on.

Kellscanill, i

now Killscannell. There is no part of the old church
now in existence. The Protestant church is built on
the site of the old one. O' Donovan thinks that the
patron saint was Scandalius, now unknown. In the
townland of Coolnoran in this parish there was a church
called Kilmurry, the stones of which were taken to
Limerick to build a house about the year 1830.

Cluonech (Clonagh).^

(Cluianeach, i.e., insular meadow of horses). The church
is built on an elevated position, and in former times the
land around it used to be flooded, which accounts for the
first part of the name. It consists of a nave and choir,
the walls of the former indicate great age, but the choir
arch is modern and may have been added on after the
coming of the Normans. Near this church is a holy well
dedicated to St. Ciaran of Clonmacnoise, whose feast is
still kept on the 9th of September in the modern parish
of Coolcappa.

1O.5.L. zo.SL.

THE CHURCHES OF THE DIOCESE. II3

Rathnascir

(Rath na saer, the rath of the Carpenters), now Rath-
naseer. The ruins of this church are to be seen a few
miles south-east of Rathkeale on the road to BaUingarry

Kihnaclugna.

This church is now known as Cappa — a plot for
tillage. The old church is situated in that townland,
and is a very pretty Norman building.

Clonsiehra.'^

In medieval documents it is written Clonchener, now
Clonshire. It lies between Adare and Croagh. The
doorway of the old church is of the cyclopean style of
architecture. It was a bishop's manor.

Drochetarsna.

(Droichet-tarsna, cross bridge), now Drehidtarsna. It
gives its name to a parish adjoining Clonshire.

Kellnafidnaigi {Kilfinny).-

It is locally called Cill Finche, i.e.. Church of Finneach.
The old church was in the townland of Ballynakill.
St. Ciaran's well is about 40 yards west of the church.

' ( Disertengusa.^

(the Desert of Angus). This church is in the townland
of Corrigeen, about one and a half miles west of Croom,
in the direction of Adare. The remains of the church

1 o.s.L.

2 Ibid.

3 Memorials of Adave, pp. 210, 2 u, 214.

114

THE DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

measure about 51 feet in length and 16 feet 6 inches in
breadth. The building is of the old primitive Irish style
of architecture, but parts of it have been rebuilt. The

DYSERT AENGUS, CHURCH AND ROUND TOWER,

doorway is in the south side of this building, a most
unusual circumstance, as it is nearly always to be found
in the western gable of churches of this period. Judging
from what remains of the jambs, it was narrower at the
top than at the bottom.

THE CHURCHES OF THE DIOCESE. II5

About 60 feet north of the church stands a round
tower in a very good state of preservation, though it
wants at least one story, as the four windows facing the
four cardinal points that are to be seen in other towers
are missing. It is built on a sohd rock, which gives the
tower great solidity. It is built of limestone well and
strongly put together, the masonry being much superior
to that of the church. At present the tower is 67 feet
high and 54 feet in circumference at the base and gradu-
ally diminishing towards the top. The doorway faces
the east and is 15 feet from the ground ; at this height
the wall is 4 feet 3 inches thick, and at the top of tower
3 feet 6 inches. The doorway itself is 5 feet 10 inches
in height, 2 feet 9 inches wide at bottom, and 2 feet 5
inches at the springing of the arch. This is one of the
few doorways in the round towers of Ireland that have
pellet or ball moulding. The tower at present contains
four stories, which have been floored with timber by Mr.
Christy, the late owner of the farm where it is situated.
He also placed ladders from one floor to another, so that
it is now easy to go to the top, which is covered with ivy.
The same gentleman made excavations in the interior
of the tower, and went to the solid rock on which it is
built. During the process he found human bones, but no
coffins, and at the very foundation a quantity of cherry
stones. Mr. Brash, in the Kilkenny Archceological
Journal expresses a great admiration for the skill dis-
played in the erection of this tower. The church and
tower are said to be erected by Aengus the Culdee. This
holy man was a native of Ulster. He travelled into
Munster where he settled down and built this church
and tower. There is nothing known of this remarkable
man from the general historical records of the country.
Whatever information has come down to us concerning
him is gathered from a short preface attached to some
copies of his Fclire or Calendar of the Saints of Ireland,

Il6 THE DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

which is now pubhshed by Dr. Stokes. Aengus spent the
greater part of his hfe in the monastery of Ckiaineidhnech,
now Clonenagh, Queen's County. He was very fond of
retirement, and withdrew from this monastery to a
lonely place called Disert, and is now known as Disert
Aenos, near Maryborough. In a copy of the Calendar
of the Saints of Ireland, which Dr. Petrie had in his
possession, it is stated that the thought of writing the
Calendar occurred to Aengus as he was coming from
Dysert in Munster. Dr. Petrie says if the name of
Aengus was at any time attached to this Dysert it would
be sufficient to settle the question. Such has been the
case, as this hst of churches testifies.

There is no holy well in connection with the place,
but a part of the old wall that surrounded the buildings
is still in existence.

Kellhinathan,^

Now Killanahan. The ruins of this church are still pre-
served in the townland of the same name in the parish
of Killeenoghty in the barony of Pubblebrien. The old
church may be seen in the fields to the west of the road
leadmg from Crecora to Croom, near Bettivelle. It is
generally called Tempul na Sceach or the Church of the
Bushes.

Tullachhraci 2

(Gentle hill). TuUabracy is the name of a parish near
Bruff. South of the ruins of this church there is a well
dedicated to St. Mullana.

Kellcharli, »

Kylkyrely, now Kilcurly, a townland west of Adare in
the barony of Kenry. The foundations of this httle
church are scarcely visible.

1 0.5./,, 2 0.5./.. 3 os.L.

THE CHURCHES OF THE DIOCESE. I 17

Kelldima,

Now Kildimo, the church of Dima, a saint who is com-
memorated in the Martyrology of Donegal on the 12th of
May. Dima, son of Cas ; he is the patron of Kildimo
in Kenry, of the county and diocese of Limerick, and has
a holiday, a festival and a station. He was also the
master of Declan, and he was in the Deisi of Munster.
The site of the old church is now occupied by a
Protestant church. 1

Kcllallathna {Kellallatan).

Kellallatan is identical with that old church which
is situated in a little hill in the townland of Glenameade,
about a few miles from Palliskenry near the Limerick
road. When O'Donovan'- visited the locality it was
called Killulta in Irish, which seems to be a corruption
of the still older form Kellallatan, or the church of
St, Ultan. There are many saints of this name in the
Irish calendars. The same writer remarks that it was
much the oldest church he had seen in the country.
The walls were perfect in the middle of the last century,
when the west gable and doorway were blown down by
a gale of wind. The church measures internally 16 feet
8 inches by 10 feet. The east window externally is
triangular-headed, and measures i foot 6 inches in height,
the jambs are 9 inches wide at the bottom and 8 inches
at top. The. original height of side walls was 7 feet.
They are built of very large stones well cemented
together with mortar. It is a real old primitive Irish
church and in a fair state of preservation.

'O.S.L. 2 0.S.L.

THE DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

KILULTA CHURCH.

Killchurnan,^

Now Kilcornan, in the barony of Kenry. The church
derives its name from Curnan, a saint who is commemo-
rated in the calendars at the 6th of January.

The Martyrology of Donegal has the following notice
of him : — Curnanbeg of Kill Churnain in Caenrighe, in
the County and diocese of Limerick, patron of the parish
of Killcurnan in Kenry, in the county and diocese of
Limerick, with a fair and holiday. The old church
dedicated to the saint was situated in the glebe of Moig
East, but was pulled down in the year 183 1, when the
present one was erected on its site. There is an old
church at Cowpark, but of no great antiquity.

1 o.s.L.

THE CHURCHES OF THE DIOCESE. II9

Ardcatni,^

Now Ardcanny, the name of a parish in the barony of
Kenry, and bordering on the Shannon. In the townland
of Mellon there is an old church called Tempul a Mhullain,
but a rather modern ruin, near which is a holy well
dedicated to St. Brigid.

Kelldackaelum,

Now locally forgotten, but the Down survey has a town-
land called KillacoUum, containing about 86 acres in the
south-east of the parish of Kildimo, and bordering on
the Maigue. The old ruined castle standing on a hill to
the south-west of the Ferry bridge is called Collum
Castle, which is a part of the original name, and near it
must have been the old church.

Kelimacgoban,

Now Kilgobbin, a townland in the north of the parish of
Adare. The north, south, and west walls of this old
church are still remaining. Its external length was
27 feet and its breadth 9 feet. The stones that have
formed the west doorway have been removed. This
church is often mentioned in the Black Book, as we
shall see later on.

Kellnachallichi ^^

— Keilnacailly. This church formerly stood near Clarina
Bridge, but now no traces of it remain. It was dedi-
cated to St. Ethne.

1 For these churches, see Memorials of Adare, pp. 268-72.
^ Lenihan, p. 559.

120 THE DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Atnit,^

Now Anhid, the name of a parish on the west bank of
the Maigue, and is completely surrounded by the parish
of Croom. It was formerly a prebend.

Mttngret.-

When the Monastic establishment founded by St.
Nessan was broken up, the property belonging to it
passed into the hands of the bishop. The modern ruin
with tower is the remains of the parochial church.

Imheolchuir.^

It is mentioned in the Black Book that the church
of Crecourvertha (Crecora) was in Ocholchur. This
word seems to be the same as the latter part of Imhcol-
chuir, and would signify the same place. The church
now called Crecora may have been known at this early
period by the name of the locality where it was situated.

The following are set down as being in the territory
of Eschluona, and an inventory of their value was taken
before this enquiry. They are Balidorcum ? Ballihi-
bebon ? Rachen (Rahina near Kilkeedoy) Raecuam ?
Ballyhichum ? I have not been able to locate these
names.

Domnachmor,'^

Now Donaghmore. The old church is about two miles
east of the city. According to the Tripartite life of
our National Apostle, all the churches that are called

1 Memorials of A dare.

2 See later on.

3 See B.B.L., pp. 96-7.

* See description ol this church by Rev. Michael Malone, late
P.P. of Glin, in the Journal, R.S.A.I., p. 77 for year 1872.

THE CHURCHES OF THE DIOCESE.

121

Domnach, or the Anglicised form Donagh, were origi-
nally founded by St. Patrick, and were so called because
he marked out their foundations on a Sunday. This
church measures externally 39^ feet by 26 feet. The

THE DOORWAY OF DONAGHMORE CHURCH.

side walls are about 11 feet high. The doorway is in
the western gable, and is 6 feet 4 inches in height, its
width at base 3 feet i inch, and at top 2 feet 10 inches.
There is also a window in this gable higher than the
doorway, but to the right of it, which is considered a very
unusual circumstance. It is very narrow from the out-
side, but splays inwardly. There is another similar to
the one in ]\Iungret church in the south wall near the
eastern gable. The gables are thickly covered with
ivy, and the church itself is in good preservation,
retaining all the characteristics of the primitive Irish
church.

Sengle,

Now Singland. It was here St. Patrick cured the
Thomond Prince from his bodily ailment as already

122 THE DIOCESE OF LIMERICK

related. It was a very important church and had the
right of sanctuary. In old maps it is represented as
having a round tower beside it ; both have long since
disappeared, but the site is still used as a graveyard, and
popularly known as St. Patrick's.

Inchoman ?
Somewhere near Singland, but now unknown.

Kellchuan,

Now Kilquan. The ruins of this church are at the Clare
side of the Shannon opposite Corbally. There is a frag-
ment of the old building still standing, densely covered
with ivy.

Kelliedmi.

Kellideme, also written Kilhadele, now Killeely.
This church was situated in the outskirts of Thomond
Gate, and is still used as a burial-ground. No part of
the old church is now remaining. Its name, said to be
derived from Cill Fiadiale,i or the church of St. Fiadail.
According to local tradition it was so-called from Lelia
a sister of St. Munchin, whose feast was celebrated on
the nth of x\ugust. It is difficult to reconcile this
tradition with the old form of the word.

Kellros,

Now Killrush. Some of the ruins of this Church are still
standing in the North Circular Road near Barrington's
Pier, and known as Old Church.

1 See Reeves' Notes on Black Booh MS. in T.C.D.

THE CHURCHES OF THE DIOCESE. 123

St. Maenchini,

St. Munchin's Church, with its appurtenances, viz., Kie,
Karragiedachan, Kelldaire. This old church was near the
King's Castle, and its site is now occupied by the Pro-
testant church of that name. Kie may have been Kiel,
to which in after times Cratloe was added, making Cratloe
Kiel, where the ruins of a church are still to be seen.

Kerragiedachan {Caherdavin ?)

There is the site of an old church in Coonagh near
this townland.

Kildaire ? Unknown.

St. Brigid ? Unknown.

St. John's.

The present Protestant church occupies the site of
this old church.

5^;. Peter's.

This old church formerly stood near St. Mary's con-
vent, but there is no trace of its ruins now.

St. Martin's. Unknown.

St. MichaeVs.

St. Michael's church was situated outside the west
Watergate, but was totally destroyed in the time of
Cromwell. The place where it stood is still pointed out.
The festival is still celebrated on the 29th of September
in the new church dedicated to that Angel.

124 "^"^ DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

St. Maria Rotunda.

Is thought by competent authorities to be St. Mary
Magdalene. Kilmurry, near the city, is dedicated to
the saint ; whether they are the same I cannot say.

Claronaedugan ? Unknown.

Munimdartha.'^

This is written in another part of the Black Book
as Rivvidearta, which I take to be Rathurd.

Cliioniduhlach,

In two parts, one half in Muhrichroidir, viz., one
part in Inergni, and the other Imalduni Balihicihaham.
Imail was the ancient name of the district now included
in the parish of Knocknagaul, and these places were in
the vicinity : — Formail east, perhaps Fearanna Guilleagh,
now Rosbrien,

Jfagdublacna .^

Balli Marcada ?

Ballichorchiam.^

From the Black Book we learn that this is another
name for Kilpeacon.

Cahirdubdultg. Perhaps Cahervally.

Kcllonchon,

Now Kellonachan, the name of a parish near Patrick's
Well, and means the Church of St. Onchu, whose feast
is on the 8th of February.

1 Compare page 115 with 109, B.B.L.

2 See B.B.L. , pp. 109-115.

THE CHURCHES OF THE DIOCESE. 12y

Balli Mulcatha.

In another part of the Black Book it is written
Ballecath ; now Ballycahane. The site of the old
church is now occupied by a Protestant Church.

In the city of Limerick half the fishery of Coadogur
(Curraghgour), the mill on the river beside the city
walls. Tithes of all the fish caught by the fishermen
of Limerick, tithes of corn from the citizens of Cotheum
(parish of St. Lawrence), one gallon of ale from every
brewing, half a gallon from every making of Medo, i.e.,
a drink made from honey and water.

In this list of churches we find all the ecclesiastical
property of the old territory of Hy Fidhgente under the
control of the Bishop of Limerick, the name by which
it is to be known in future, — even the old monas-
teries that flourished from the introduction of Chris-
tianity. When the monasteries became desolate all
their property passed into the hands of the bishop, who
was the generally recognized centre of authority since
the Synod of Rathbreasail, and who provided for the
spiritual wants of the whole diocese. Nearly every
tuath, it may be remarked, was provided with one or
more churches, the priests of which administered to the
faithful within well defined limits, a system which seems
to have been in force long before the Norman invasion,
and would correspond to the parochial system of the
present day. Most of the parishes in the diocese are
called after the townlands on which these old churches
were built, or after the churches themselves, which gave
a name to the townland and thence to the parish. The
old Celtic system seems to have been adopted by the
Normans, but in the course of time underwent some
modifications.

It may be presumed that there were other churches
in the diocese at the time this inquisition was held, but

126 THE DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

having no endowments attached to them, they were left
unnoticed by the jury. They must have been built in
convenient places for the use of the inhabitants, although
many of them are now remote from the centres of popu-
lation. Some of them have entirely disappeared and
their names are forgotten, others were deserted for
more commodious buildings, but still survive as interest-
ing specimens of early Irish architecture.

The characteristic features of the early Celtic ^
Church are to be found in the doorway, windows,
masonry, and roof.

The doorway was nearly always in the western
gable, the jambs inclining from bottom to top, which
was covered by a horizontal lintel of massive size.

The windows were small, and generally splayed
inwards, headed by two small semicircular arches formed
of several small stones, or cut out of a single large one.
However, the horizontal lentel and the triangular-shaped
head were also common.

The church was, as a rule, built of very large stones,
well cemented together, generally of an oblong shape,
and did not exceed sixty feet in length.

The roof was of exceedingly high pitch. Good
examples of the early stone churches in the diocese
may be seen at Donaghmore, Mungret, Killultan, &c.
In some of the larger of the older churches a choir
was added in Norman times, at least so much may be
inferred from the difference in age that exist between
both parts as is visible in the old ruin of Clonagh. In
many instances the old oblong Celtic church was not
changed, but Norman windows and doors were inserted
without interfering with the general outline of the build-
ing, such as Killogholihane.

Inniscathy, Dysert Angus, Kilmallock, and Ard-

1 See Petrie's Round Towers.

THE CHURCHES OF THE DIOCESE. 127

patrick churches have round towers attached to
them.

According to Petrie, whose conclusions are generally
accepted with slight modifications by the learned, these
towers were of Christian and ecclesiastical origin, and
were erected from the fifth to the thirteenth centuries
They served the two-fold purpose of belfries, and as
places of security for preserving the sacred utensils of
the Church ; and also as places of refuge for the ecclesi-
astics in cases of sudden attack. They were probably
used when occasion required as beacons and watch
towers.

Ubirtecutb Centur^^

CHAPTER VIII. 1

THE ORGAXIZATION OF THE DIOCESE.

The last decree of the Synod of Cashel lays down, " that
the Divine office shall be henceforth celebrated in every
part of Ireland according to the forms and usages of
the Church of England."

Donat 2 immediately set about putting this law into
force in his diocese. He called together his clergy to
deliberate how to enlarge and decorate the Cathedral,
to appoint secular canons, according to the English
custom, and to set apart benefices for their maintenance.
One of the principal reasons that influenced him to
establish a chapter, was to have the Mass of the
Blessed Virgin Mary daily celebrated in the cathedral
church. The chapter consisted of a dean, archdeacon, '
cantor, treasurer, and six canons.

He assigned for their support the Church of St.
Mary's, Limerick, the sanctuary of the same church,
together with all the fruits derived from wills, oblations,
&c., reserving, however, half the oblations received when
the bishop himself personally sung Mass in the church,
and half the oblations on the procession at Pentecost,
He also gave them half the tithes of all kinds of fishes,
all the tithes of Cotheim (St. Lawrence) outside the city,
the churches of St. Mary Magdalen (Killmurry), St.
Martin, Dovenathmore (Donaghmore), and Killiadeli.

He furthermore gave to P., the Dean, the church of
St. Nicholas, with its appurtenances in Prebend.

1 See Giraldus, chap, xxxiv., p. 233 and following.
'^B.B.L., p. 109, pp. 108-109.

THE ORGANIZATION OF THE DIOCESE. I29

To M., the Archdeacon, the church of St. John's,
near the city wall, with its appurtenances, together with
the churches of Kildecolum, Kildimo, with land and
other appurtenances, and all the spiritual benefices of
Ardagh, with their appurtenances.

To M. O'Melinus, Chantor, the churches of Sengola
(Shanagolden), Ardinir, and Rathnaser in prebend.

To Wilham de Cardiff, Treasurer, the church of
S'engol (Singland), with the lands of Rathgarellein, with
its appurtenances and spiritual benefices. It was written
Rathgreylon in later times, and was near the present
Rathurd, but the name is now forgotten. Drommoluba,
with its appurtenances, as well of fishes, as of all other
benefices in prebend. It is also written Dromin, and
may be identical with the townland of that name near
Parteen.

To Colomiregan, Canon, the church of Mungret,
with its appurtenances in prebend.

To Ricolus, Chaplain, Canon, the church of St.
Munchin, with its appurtenances in prebend.

To Colomiregan, Canon, the church of St. Michael,
together with the spiritual benefices of Kathirdufduli
and Kilonchon in prebend.

To M. O. Conying, Canon, all the spiritual benefices
of Balimacada (Ballycahane), Rwvidearta (Rathurd),
Formiliart (Rossbrien), Ardchatin (Ardcanny), and BalU-
chorcram (Kilpeacon).

To O. O'Mally, Canon, portion of the common fund.
To Doneuan O'Conregan, Canon, portion of the
common fund.

To T. Macreanachanci, portion of the common fund.

To Paulinus, Chaplain, portion of the common fund.

He also added that the canons should enjoy all the

dignities of the Roman Church ; and if it should happen

that any of the canons died, the chapter had the power

of retaining the revenues of his prebend for the space

K

130 THE DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

of a year, to pay his debts. Donat also gave them
the use of his woods for procuring fuel, and timber for
building purposes.

The deed from which the foregoing is taken was
witnessed by the Archbishop of Cashel, the Bishops of
Cork, Cloyne, Ross, Ardfert, Kilfenora, the Abbots of
Manister, Suirey, and Furness, with other dignitaries of
lesser importance.

Donat w^as a great favourite with King John, who
speaks of him as being most zealous in advancing his
interests. He died about the year 1207 a.d.

Geoffrey.

King John made a grant ^ of the See of Limerick to
Geoffrey of Dungarvan, after Donat's death, and wrote
to Myler- Fitzhenry to use his influence with the clergy of
the diocese to elect and receive him as their bishop. This
is the only record extant of his appointment. Harris,
in his edition of Ware's Bishops, mentions that he was
Bishop until 1222 a.d. but this is a mistake, as Edmund
was Bishop as early as 1215 a.d.-^

Edmund.

When exactly this Bishop was appointed is not
recorded, but he is mentioned in 1215 a.d. as receiving
a grant of an annuity of ten pounds of silver, receivable
at the Exchequer, Dublin, out of the rent and assize of
the city of Limerick, for the site of the mill and the
fishery of Limerick, which he challenged against the
king. 3

The bishop also quit claims to the king the land of

1 See S.C.D.I., year 1207, No. 364 and the Corrigenda.

2 S.C.D.I. under that year, and by looking at this Bishop's name
in the Index of volume (i 171-125 1) all that is here related will be
found.

^ B.B.L., 46, 95, p. Ill, 114, 119.

THE ORGANIZATION OF THE DIOCESE. I3I

Drunnannolub (Dromin), given by the king to Edmund's
predecessor, and ten marks which the bishop was wont
to receive in exchange for that land.

The above grant was not punctually paid, and the
king had to write to the Justiciary to hasten the pay-
Ttient of the arrears to the bishop. There is another
mandate, dated the day after, directing that Edmund
should receive ten liberates of land within or without
the cantred of Limerick, in lieu of the annuity of ten
pounds payable at the king's exchequer. The land was
granted in the division called O'Mayl, which was situated
near Mungret, and the name is given as an ahas for
Ballyclogh,! so that it lay in that direction. Edmund;
Avith the consent of the chapter, granted this new ac-
quisition with its villeins, to John St. John. There is
also extant a record of an order being made to the trea-
sury to give Edmund a loan of five marks. He died
towards the end of a.d. 1222, as the see was vacant in
March a.d. 1223.

B\^ order of the king, the temporalities were granted
during vacancy, to the Prior of Athassel, for which he
was to be accountable to the Exchequer.

Hubert de Burgh (1223-1250).

Hubert 2 was descended from a noble family, and at
the time of his elevation to the see of Limerick, was
Prior of the Monastery of St. Edmund, king and martyr,
at Athassel, Co. Tipperary.

At the same time John St. John, treasurer of the
church of Limerick, was nominated by the king for the
see of Waterford, but not confirmed ; eventually he
became Bishop of Ferns, and resigned his office in the
chapter of Limerick, and the prebend appertaining to it.

1 This alias is given in m Inquisition taken in 1615.

2 See S. C. under heading Hubert, Bishop of Limerick ; also Ware's
Bishops of Limerick.

132 THE DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

The king issued a mandate to the dean and chapter —
the office being in his gift — to have it given to Geoffrey
de St. John, and to have him inducted, and that a staU
in the choir and a place in the chapter should be assigned
to him.

Hubert during his administration was a great bene-
factor to the cathedral. He extended the privileges of
the canons and vicars of the diocese, in as much as he
allowed them to have their benefices appropriated for a
year after death to pay their debts and discharge the-
provisions of their wills. He bestowed on the canons
and vicars serving in the cathedral all the half tithes
reserved by Donat at the formation of the chapter. He
also augmented the common fund of the cathedral by
grants of certain churches, with specific obligations
attached to them.

Kileihem ^ (probably Keililin, outside St. John's
gate), with the provision that they should pray for the
repose of the souls of his ancestors and that of Raymond
de Burgh. He reserved, however, the rights of the epis-
copal office.

By the consent and advice of the chapter he gave to
the canons and vicars serving at St. Mary's, the ville
of Singland,2 reserving the cure of souls.

Influenced by the petition and presentation of
Richard of London, lord of the soil or fee, he granted
to the common fund of the canons and vicars of St.
Mary's all the ecclesiastical benefices of Glyncorby^
(parish of Glin), also the ecclesiastical benefices of the
whole land of Kilscoly, Kilgoban, and Kilscalbeg, which
were in the parish of Adare. One of the witnesses to
this grant was Master Tyrell, Vicar of Adare. He
granted to Thomas de Wodeford, Dean of St. Mary's-

1 B.B.L., p. 59 ; Kilethem in B.B.L.

2 Ibid., p. 33.

3 Ibid., p. 46.

THE ORGANIZATION OF THE DIOCESE. I33

Church, and his successors in prebend, the churches of
St. Nicholas,! Mungret, Maycroo (Croagh), with its
chapel, Lysnamuck, and Ballysward (Howardstown,
near Bruree).

He also conferred many benefices on his own monas-
tery of Athassel, which were recovered after much
litigation, as will be seen later on.

The following were returned by that monastery to
Hubert himself, viz. : — the ecclesiastical benefices of the
whole tenement of Maynero 2 (Croagh), of the whole
tenement of Creavath O'Moyl (Knocknagaul), and
Donaghmore.

1237. John de Bineford,^ Procurator in Ireland for
the monastery of Keynsham, Somersetshire, England,
freely resigned in behalf of that monastery all rights
and titles in the following ecclesiastical benefices of the
diocese, viz. :— Rathkeale, Rathfergus, :\Ioyntaneny
(Nantinan), Mayryne (Kiltanna), Browry (Bruree), Cul-
ballysward (Howardstown), Karracnesy (Carnarrie,
Cahernarry), Moynco (Croagh), Moymolcally (perhaps
Keilnacailly, near Clarina Bridge), Grosser (Iveruss),
together with the benefices held by Robert Dundonald,
beside Rathkeale, and benefices in the lands of Richard
de Cantilup and William Janitoris.

How so many benefices were alienated from the
diocese, and bestowed on English and Anglo-Irish monas-
teries may be explained by the following transactions
recorded in the Black Book.

Walter Cropp,* who got a grant of land in 1199,
including Carnarry, made a grant of the tithes and
■ecclesiastical benefices contained in it, to the monastery
of St. Edmund, Athassel.

1 B.B.L., p. 77,.

2 Ibid., p. 80, year 1239.

3 Ibid., p. 75.

4 Ibid., p. 89.

134 THE DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Some time before the year 1228, Robert Waspail ^
granted to the convent of Keynsham, for the good of
his own soul, that of his wife Margaret, his ancestors
and successors, the church of Rathkeale. with all its
appurtenances as far as he was able to give them by
right of advowson and being lord of the soil.

It is likely many more Anglo-Norman settlers adopted
a similar plan when they acquired a district and had it
fairly under control ; then, as feudal lords, they were
entitled to certain rights over the churches in their
territory, which they exercised in favour of some monas-
teries to which they were bound by special ties, like
Roger Waspail and Walter Cropp.

The whole of the diocese would seem, at this time to
have passed completely under the swa^^ of the Normans ;
even in all the Church lands the names that occur in the
various legal documents of the period are all English.

Hubert seems to have maintained friendly relations
with Keynsham, as he bestowed upon it, with the con-
sent of the chapter, the church of Askeaton,^ reserving
one-third of the vicarage for the maintenance of a resi-
dent vicar. Having large land possessions in the diocese,
Hubert was of necessity mixed up with secular affairs.
In maintaining the rights of the Church he was brought
into conflict at least with one remarkable nobleman of
the time, named Geoffrey De Marisco.^ Geoffrey was.
nephew and heir of Montmorris, one of the first batch
of invaders, and owned extensive territories in
England, Leinster, and Munster.

1208. He led an army of the Irish and colonists
against the Viceroy, for which he was pardoned, and
his brother Richard, Bishop of Durham, and Chancellor

1 B.B.L., p. 74, at head of this Doc. Robert is given, but in body
of it Roger.

^ Ihid., p. 35.

3 See Gilbert's Viccvoys of Ireland for a good account of this-
nobleman.

THE ORGANIZATION OF THE DIOCESE. I^S

of England, became a confidential adviser to King
John.

1215. The viceroyalty was first committed to him in
the absence of the Archbishop, wiiich he held until
1221 A.D. when he was superseded, as he was unable to
furnish a satisfactory account of the revenue of the
country, and also as he failed to carry out other agree-
ments entered into between him and the king. After
Hubert became bishop, Geoffrey ^ paid homage to him
for the lands of Kilmallock, Drethenetarse (Drehidtarsna),
Kilcurly, Killonehan, Kylcoban, Kilkelbeg, and Kil-
cremail, with their appurtenances, and promised to pay
as yearly rent 33s. ^d. ; paying 20s. for Kilmallock, and
13s. for the other lands together with three pounds of
wax to St. Mary's Cathedral, on the feast of the Assump-
tion.

1226, Geoffrey 2 also had the manors of Adare and
Knockainey, as he procured a patent for holding a yearly
fair at his manor of Adare for eight days, from July 25th
to August 1st, and at Knockainey, from 8th to the 15th
of September.

A dispute arose between him and the bishop, the
exact nature of which is not disclosed, but Geoffrey
inflicted grevious injury on the property of the diocese
and tenants of the bishop. For this he and his son
William, with their accompHces, were excommunicated
by Hubert, Who applied to Rome to have the sentence
confirmed. About the same time reports reached the
Holy See that Hubert obtained the diocese of Limerick
by unjust means, that he was a minus habens, and so
wanting in knowledge that he was unable to discharge
the duties of his office .^ Taking into account the fore-
going quarrel the report would seem to be sent by

^B.B.L., p. 16-17, Kilturly is the spelling given in document.

^ S.C.D.I., year 1226.

3 Theiner Vetera Monumenta, pp. 27-46.

136 THE DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Geoffrey, or some one under his influence, as a set-off
against the complaints of the bishop.

Grififin,'' Bishop of Lismore, was appointed by the
Pope to enquire into the damage inflicted on the church
of Limerick by Geoffrey and his accomphces, with in-
structions to confirm the excommunication if the damages
inflicted on the church were not repaired.

The enquiry having been made, it was found by
Griffin, on the authority of rehable witnesses, that
Geoffrey in the first place injured as much as 3,300 head
of cattle ; in the second place, Geoffrey, in the name of
the church of Limerick had received 100 marks by quit
claiming the ville of Kilmallock ; the annual income of
said ville was 32 lbs. of silver and half a mark, and that
for twenty years and more he detained said ville. He
injured the tenants of Mungret, Donaghmore and other
lands to the value of 100 lbs. of silver. The imprison-
ment and other injuries which he inflicted on clergy and
laity, and for which he contemptuously refused to com-
pensate, was estimated at 800 marks. He, moreover,
violated the sanctuary of the church of vSingland, by
ejecting with force those that had taken refuge in it.
The damage from this act was valued at 100 lbs. of silver.

Griffin having found according to his instructions,
that the sentence of excommunication formulated by
Hubert was just, confirmed it. He also wrote to the
king, beseeching him to avoid Geoffrey, as excommuni-
cated. At the same time Hubert ^ wrote to the king
praying that he would mercifully regard the oppressions
and injuries brought upon the Church of Limerick by
Geoffrey and his accomplices, for which he had to
visit them with the severest punishments of the
Church.

^B.B.L., p. 17.

2 S.C.D.I., year 1235.

THE ORGANIZATION OF THE DIOCESE. I37

The fate of the father and son was remarkable-
Wilham murdered, before the king's gate at Westminster,
a priest, named Henry Clement, who was sent into
England with certain complaints against him by Maurice
Fitzgerald, then Justiciary of Ireland. For this crime
he was outlawed, and, becoming desperate, he conspired
against the life of the king. The assassin he employed
to carry out his design was accidentally discovered under
the straw of the royal bed, by Margaret Biset, one of the
queen's maids, while at her devotions at midnight.

William is next heard of in the island of Lundy.
at the entrance of the Bristol Channel, where he success-
fully maintained himself with a piratical band, for a
time. But, like all who follow such a life, he was cap-
tured, with sixteen of his associates, and ended his
•days miserably on the gibbet.

Earl,i Richard Marechal, " a learned and valiant
knight, that virtue seemed to have vied with nature in
his composition," quarrelled with the king, and came
to Ireland to claim his possessions. The Irish barons
egged on from England, entered into a conspiracy against
him, with the hope of sharing in the confiscations of his
vast estates. Geoffrey, now an old man, to better carry
out the plot, joined the earl as one of his supporters
when he landed in Ireland. He aided the earl in cap-
turing Limerick after four days siege, and in recovering
many of his castles that had been seized by orders of
the king. A sham conference was arranged at the
Curragh of Kildare, between the earl and the barons-
A truce was proposed at the meeting, but the earl refused,
acting on the advice of Geoffrey. Both sides then pre-
pared for battle, but at a given signal, Geoffrey deserted
his lord, taking with him most of the earl's army. Left
on the field with only a few faithful knights, hke a true

' See Gilbert's Viceroys of Ireland.

138 THE DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

son of chivalry, he prepared to fight to a finish. He
maintained his ground with great success, until his horse
was disabled ; being then surrounded he was stabbed in
the back. He was immediately conveyed to a neigh-
bouring castle, where he died of his wounds.

His death evoked a storm of indignation in England
and Ireland. When matters cooled down the chief
instigators were pardoned, but Geoffrey had to fly the
country, and ended his days as an exile in Paris. " Piti-
fully," says the chronicler, " yet undeserving of pity for
his own treason against the earl and his son William
against his king."i

1225. Hubert got permission from the king to have
a weekly market every Tuesday, at his manor of Mungret,
and also received letters of protection at this time from
the king for two years.

There is also a record extant that shows that he gave,
with consent of the chapter, to John of Cornwall,''^ all
the lands of Cloncourtha (Coleman's Well), Gortnetrossi,
Kilcurnan, and Garron M'Rogeri to hold on the same
terms as the preceding tenant. He received from Henry
de Mynet the lands of BaUnmaked,^ B alindonelan, and
other lands adjoining the manor of Drumdel (Toomdeely).

Hubert had a long and eventful reign over the diocese
and ably defended the rights of his church in very trying
times. From references made to him while bishop, he
seemed to be appreciated by his successors in office. He
was many times reported to Rome and commissions
appointed to investigate the charges. How far they were
true we have now no means of judging, as there is no
record surviving. He died in the year 1250, and was
interred in the Dominican Convent.

heading and Minitar in body of

1 See S.C.L

)./., year 122

2 Ibid., p.

28, Mynet

document.

» Ibid.

THE ORGANIZATION OF THE DIOCESE. I39

Robert of Emly (1251-1275).^
The chapter having obtained hcence from the king
to elect a bishop selected Robert Neil, or Robert of Emly,
as he is occasionally styled, and the following January
he was put in possession of the temporalities of the see.
He immediately commenced canonical 2 proceedings
against the Prior of Athassel for the recovery of the
churches of Mayncro (Croagh), Donaghmore, the bene-
fices of Crewomayl, and the churches of Carnarthy,
Rathsyward (Rathurd), Kilmuchorog (Kilmurry), Kil-
bradran, and Kilcoleman, which had passed out of the
diocese during the preceding bishop's reign.

The Holy See commissioned the Bishop of Cloyne
with others, to examine and decide the matter in dispute,
with power to sub-delegate his authority to competent
substitutes if not able to act himself. The bishop ap-
pointed his delegates, vesting them with papal authority
to try the case.

They cited both parties to meet at the church of
Ballycahane, where the matters in dispute would be
investigated. After many sittings at the church of
Ballycahane and the great church of Kilmallock, the
ecclesiastical judges decided that the churches of Mayncro,
Donaghmore, the benefices of Crewomayl, the churches
of Carnarthy and Rathsyward should be given up to the
Bishop of Limerick, and the monastery was allowed to
retain for its use and benefit the churches of Kilbrathran,
Kilmuchorog, and Kilcoleman. Then Robert granted
Thomas de Wodeford, the dean, to augment his living,
the churches of Cornarthy and Rathsyward.

He was equally zealous in looking after the lands of
the diocese, as there are many documents in the Black

1 See S.C.D.I.

2 B.B.L., pp. 80, 81 to 90, 10 1.

140 THE DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Book relating to them, the principal of which are as
follows, viz. : —

A final agreement, 1 at the court of the king at Water-
ford, before the judges itinerant, between Ceth le Greys
and his wife, concerning the land of Clonbalitarsne.
which is evidently the same as Knockbalytornse, alias
Knocknabualy, now known as Knocknabooly, a town-
land in the parish of Loughill.

A final agreement made at the court ot the king,
before the itinerant judges, between Robert and Andrew
Fitzwalter, concerning thirty acres of land at Clonagh.

The same between Robert and Margaret, wife of
Tyrrell K^xdyi, concerning two carucates of land in
Drumdell (Toomdeely).

At the same court, and before the same judges, a
final agreement between Robert and John le Person,
concerning one and a-half carucates of land in Kilmurley
and Kilfergus.

1257. A fii'ial agreement before the itinerant judges
in the king's court. Limerick, between Robert and John
de Inteberge, concerning twenty acres of land in Mungret.

An agreement between Henry Mayting and Robert,
concerning the presentation of Nantenan, before the
itinerant judges in the king's court. Limerick.

Richard Fitzwilliam restored to Robert the farm of
CoUum.

1263. Thomas O'Regan,^ quit claimed to Robert the
lands of Clonnawyl, in the burgess of the tenement of
Clonshire. This is one of the very few Irish names that
occur in any of the pleas relating to this period.

About this time Robert Palmifer quit claimed to
Robert his possession in the tenement of Kilscannell,

1 B.B.L., p. 8. This and following and some others are to be found
in the B.B. from page 4 to 13, unless otherwise mentioned.

2 B.B., p. 43.

THE ORGANIZATION OF THE DIOCESE. 141

which his mother and Robert Sexton received from
Geoffrey De Marisco.

There is also an agreement extant between the bishop
and Reginald St. James, concerning certain lands in
Caherasse, together with a fishery in the Maigue.^

1267. The monastery of Molanfide, or Darnis Island,
in the Blackwater, near Youghal, and in the diocese of
Lismore, had possession of Dermoho (now Darragh), and
granted to Robert and his successors free power of con-
ferring half of all the fruits and oblations of this church
on the vicar, reserving, however, the other half for the
use and benefit of the monastery.

From these records it would appear that Robert
was a careful and successful administrator of the tem-
porahties of the sec. He died in October, 1272.

Gerald (1273-1301).

After the death of Robert, the chapter of the diocese
consisting of Thomas, dean ; Thomas,^ precentor ; Guydo,
chancellor ; Richard Brice, treasurer ; Gerald, arch-
deacon ; David Cornubiens, Henry Russel, Richard of
Limerick, Nicholas De Wodeford, and John Fitzhugh,
met at St. Nicholas Church, where they drew up a de-
claration of the rights and liberties of the chapter, before
proceeding to elect a bishop. They were as follows : —

(i.) When the bishop visited the diocese in person,
or his officers, they should not receive any procurations,
or extort anything by exactions in the places they visited,
as they had houses of their own in every part of the
diocese to which they could conveniently resort.

(2.) When the deanery became vacant, the dean was
to be chosen by the election of the whole or the greater

1 B.B.L., pp. 106-113.

2 Ibid., p. 50 and foUowin,^. In this docummt the scribe seems
to have mistaken nuUus for uUus.

142 THE DIOCESE OF LHIERICK.

part of the chapter ; which election being made accord-
ing to the canons, the bishop should ratify and confirm
without contradiction.

(3.) The bishop should not by any means confer the
other dignities of the chapter on strangers when they
should become vacant, but upon such of the canons
as were remarkable for the regularity of their morals,
and that should be done by the advice of the canons
or the majority of them.

(4.) When the lesser prebends became vacant they
might be conferred by the bishop, with the advice of
the canons, or the majority of them, on strangers ; but
such only as were willing and able to relieve the church
in its necessities, and defend it from unjust grievances.

(5.) That no future bishop was to alienate in any
manner, or transfer the lands of the church or its pos-
sessions on any person without a previous treaty with
the whole chapter or the greater part of it.

(6.) That no bishop was to claim to himself the
whole or any part of the common fund granted by pre-
ceding bishops, or any others to the dean and chapter
of the church of Limerick, or lessen it ; his right to
admonish the dean, however, remaining in full force ;
and that he should endeavour by all means in his power
to enlarge the common fund, dignities, prebends, and
their liberties.

(7.) That ten chaplains, at least, should be main-
tained in the cathedral church henceforth, who besides
discharging the due service of the said church, shall be
bound to say Mass daily for the living and deceased
benefactors of the said church, to whom a competent
stipend should be given, according to their merits, from
the common fund, due to the chapter and canons by
certain persons deputed by the said chapter for that
purpose, and that the remainder be deposited in the
treasury of said church, to be used for the defence of

THE ORGANIZATION OF THE DIOCESE. I43

said church, and whatever share may remain over and
above it should be reserved for the use and benefit of
the canons.

Lest the hberty granted to the dean and chapter
by Hubert of happy memory, formerly Bishop of the
Diocese, and which was enjoyed in his time and
in the time of Robert, his successor, for forty years and
more without contradiction, should seem to be lapsed
by any dissimulation, we have thought it right to insert
It in this present writ, viz. : — That the dean of the
cathedral may be enabled freely to visit all the prebends
belonging to the aforesaid church by his own authority,
and at the time appointed by the law, so that no bishop
may claim the right of visiting them either in person nor
by his oi^cers.

In order that these regulations should have a binding
force, each one confirmed them by oath and also bound
themselves by the same oath that if any of them were
elected bishop, he would uphold the same rights
and liberties by his authority, and procure the con-
firmation of them by the Pope at the joint expense of
himself and the chapter ; but if the bishop delayed to
comply with the regulations he was to be branded
with the infamy of perjury, and the dean and canons
who abided by their oath were to be released from their
obedience to him.

1272.1 Gerald, the archdeacon, was appointed bishop,
and the king sent an order that the Archbishop of Cashel
was to consecrate him. Sometime before the election
Gerald was entrusted by the king with the temporalities
of the diocese during the vacancy. As bishop 2 he
confirmed the declarations of the chapter, and intro-
duced some new laws.

' See S.C.D.I., year 1272.

^ B.B.L., p. 57. At p. 55 there are some new regulations re-
garding the Diocese.

144 THE DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

There are a number of documents in the Black Book
relating to his administration, chiefly referring to the
temporal affairs of the diocese, which are here set out in
detail : —

William Fitzmartin ^ granted to him one carucate
of land, lying near Kilmallock to the east, also Gerald
Fitzmilon and Claria fil pagan, certain lands near the
same town.

1274. John Penrys,2 senior, quit claimed to Gerald
all his rights and titles in the whole tenement of Loughill,
except two carucates, which he retained with the same
rights and titles by which Thomas Browne held them
from Robert, late Bishop. A final agreement was made
between Hugh Purcell ^ and Gerald concerning half a
carucate and thirty-two acres of land, 120 acres of wood,
ten acres of turbary and their appurtenances, in Clon-
lismore, Clonsderbasse, and Maycro.

1298. Maurice le Marescal,* quit claimed to the bishop
the land of Ardagh.

Adae Flander ^ quit claimed to Gerald whatever
rights he possessed in the tenement of Clonylte, and
Richard Flander conferred on the church of St. Mary
the jus patronatus of the tenement of Magrany (Kiltanna,
near Knockaderry).

John Fitzgerald ^ quit claimed to the bishop, one
and a-half carucates of land in the tenement of Tullach-
bracy.

During his episcopacy the cathedral received the
following grants : —

Thomas de Clare " bestowed on the dean and chapter

1 B.B.L., pp. 18, 19, 13.

2 Ibid., p. 32.
^Ibid., p. ii.
* Ibid., p. 49.

5 Ibid., pp. 96, 92.

'i Ibid., p. 91.

7 Ihid., pp. 93, 97, 98, 99.

THE ORGANIZATION OF THE DIOCESE. I45

the jus fatronatus of the church of Corkomoyd. After
his death, his wife, Juhana, a daughter of Maurice
Fitzgerald, late justiciary, quit claimed the same church
as did John Fitzthomas, who acquired some right over
it through his cousin Amabilia, who was sister to Juliana.
One of the witnesses to this document was the Prior of
Holy Trinity Monastery of Adare. When all these
rights were obtained, Gerald united the rectory and
vicarage for the benefit of the chapter.

1278. vSimon Fitzwalter,i rector, resigned the church
of Crecora, situated in Ocholchur, which was handed
over by the bishop to the dean and chapter.

1287. Gerald 2 made the church of Effin, in all its
entirety, a prebend of the Church of Limerick, with the
consent of the noble Maurice Rochfort, the true patron
of said church. Maurice and his heirs should have the
right of presenting a fitting priest as often as the prebend
should become vacant, and that the bishop should receive
him without hesitation or hindrance, and assign him
his place in the chapter, reserving to himself the dean's
and archdeacon's dues.

In order that the aforesaid canon and prebend should
have full liberty, the vicars serving in said church should
have the whole and entire care of souls in the entire
parish for the stipend reserved for their maintenance,
and they were bound to personal and continual residence.

Moreover, it was arranged that the two vicars should
be maintained in the cathedral of St. Mary out of the
property belonging to the church of Effin in such a way
as that each of them should receive 60s. a year to say
Mass every day for ever for the soul of Maurice and his
deceased wife, his ancestors, successors. Lords Nicholas
and Wilham de Clare, together with their brothers and

1 B.B.L., p. 44, see also 34.

2 Ibid., p. 111-113, also Memorials of Adare.

146 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

relatives, as often as they shall not be appointed to
other Masses, according to the regulations of St. Mary's ;
and when deputed to other Masses, they shall say
a special Collect for the above intention.

In A.D. 1297 Gerald recovered from Robert Meigah
(May), one messuage, one plowland, and 400 acres of
wood, in the lands of Lisredy (near Loughill), which had
been given to him by Robert, late bishop, without the
consent of the chapter.*

He died in the year 1301, after ruling the see for
twenty years. Myles, Bishop of Limerick, grandson of
the earl whose death is recorded by the Annals of the
Four Masters at the year 1302, must be the same as
Gerald le MarescalL- The person called the earl by the
Irish annalists was evidently Earl Wilham Marshall.

1 See Ware's Bishops of Limerick, p. 507.

2 See Anns. Four Masters, vol. iii., p. 475.

FACSIMILE OF PLAN OF LIMERICK CASTLE (circa 1611)
From Pacata Hibernia, Dublin, 1810.
The following arc the references:—
A Three Round Towers that bear Ordinance; B, The New Bulwark, capable of 506
great peeces; C, Store House: D. Drawbridge; p]. The Aitche ; F, A bally Porte:
G Part of Town Wall ; H. The Bridge owcr into Thoiuond ; I, Dores into Tower ;
k", An ascent by staires to the footpath on ye wall ; L, A slope ascent to yc platforms

on ye bulwark. [ face page 147.

XTbirteentb Century.

CHAPTER IX.

THE AFFAIRS OF THE CITY.

When the Normans (1194) became masters of the city
they introduced the Enghsh form of government. For
the first few years the citizens were governed by provosts,
but after receiving a charter from King John in the year
1197, conferring on them the same rights and privileges
as the citizens of Dubhn and Bristol ; they were em-
powered to form a corporation, and elect a mayor and
bailiffs — a form of government tliat has prevailed to
our own time.

It has been represented from its first appearance in
history as a strongly fortified town, and in King John's
reign a strong castle was erected and constables regu-
larly appointed to guard it.

During the vice-royalty of John de Gray (1210-1213),
Bishop of Norwich, the citizens received a grant of forty
carucates of land lying round the city. The exact posi-
tion of these lands can now be accurately determined
from an inquisition 2 which was held into the property
of the corporation in the year 1615. From it we learn
that sixteen carucates were situated at the Clare side
of the Shannon, and the names of the townlands are much
the same as at present. The following were the sixteen
carucates at the Clare side, viz. : —

Castleblake, or Castleblathac, as it was called in more

1 S.C.D.I. under year.

2 This inquisition is printed in a book relating to the Limerick
Fishery Lawsuit, Maicomson versus O'Dea and Meany, The one I
have studied and will be inserted in Appendix. Also in Fitzgerald's
History of Limerick, vol. li.. Appendix No. 4, not complete.

148 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

ancient documents, was granted by the citizens to Henry
(1213-1228), Archbishop of Dubhn, who in turn granted
it to one Matilda before her marriage with Wilham de
Mariscis. When that nobleman became an outlaw the
castle and lands were taken into the king's custod}^ In
the year 1245 ^ Matilda petitioned the king to have the
castle restored to her in right of her grant from the arch-
bishop. In Petty's 2 Grant is is called Farranshone alias
Castleblake, the name by which it is known at present.
The castle has long since disappeared, but the site is
still pointed out.

Kilrush (part of North Circular Road), Farrangown,
or Smithsland (Coolraine ?) Clowin-mackine, (Clon-
macken).

Four parcels of land, viz. : — Ardnegallag (Knock),
Caherdavy (Caherdavin), Shanevolly (Shanabooloy), Fnr-
rencoumarry (obsolete).

Ballygadynan (Ballygrennan), Clonecunnon, or
Cahernefinellic (Clonconane), Cownagh (Coonagh),
Clownedrynagh (Clondrinagh), Bally Inaghtenmore
(Ballynantymore), Moylish, Bally Inaghtenbeg (Bally-
nantybeg).

Prior's land, a part of the possessions of St. Mary's
House, extending from the Strand Barracks towards
Killeely, by the river.

Farrenykelly, part of the glebe of Killeely.

Knockinishin, Ballycanan, Capaghtiemore, Glenene-
grosse, one ploughland in Frybeigh, Crattellaghmoel
(Cratloe), Crattellaghkeil, Castledonnell, or Crauellagh-
more, and Querenboy.

The remaining twenty-four curacutes were situated
at the Limerick side of the Shannon, and were, viz. : —

1 See S.C.D.I.

2 See Report of Commissioners of Irish Records (1821-1825).

THE AFFAIRS OF THE CITY. 149

Ten caiiicates in Omayl (part of Knocknagaul),
formerly granted to Edmund, Bishop of Limerick.

The House of Lepers held one ploughland, Corbally,
Bealus or Courtbrack (from the Redemptorist Church
to the present race-course), Farrenygallagh (Rosbrien),
part of Ratwyrd (Rathurd), small parcels lying near
St. John's Gate, Park, Renbough (Reboge), Ballysyado
(Ballysheedy), parcels called Dwylish, Ballymoldowyn,
Rathmicheli, Rathbanc, Crewe Ivvally, alias Ballyclogh,
Ardenevedoge.

St. Mary's Priory held five carucates at this side of
the river, now called South Priorsland, rmd includes
that part of the city about the Dominican Church and
whatever other part of St. Michael's parish is held by
Lord Limerick, who, as a descendant of Sexton, in-
herited the possessions of this religious house.

The city, under the new order of things, greatly
increased in population, and its limits had to be extended.
The fortifications had also to be strengthened, if it were
still to be of use as a stronghold in the heart of a country
whose inhabitants were Irish, and ever ready, when
opportunity offered, to shake off the yoke of the stranger.
1237.1 The king accordingly granted the customs of
the city for six years to the " good men of Limerick,"
to enable them to carry out the projected works, at the
same time reminding them that they ought to contribute
more liberally their own money to such a praiseworthy-
object. The list of the articles coming into Limerick
that were taxed is interesting, as it gives us a far-away
glimpse of the articles of commerce in those days, and
are here set out, viz. : —

For every crannock of wheat coming into the city
on sale, \d. ; every crannock of oats, ^rd. ; every horse
or cow, id. ; every four hogs, jd. ; every six sheep, id. ;

1 .S.C.D.I.

150 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

every last of hides, 2od. ; every sack of wool, ^d. ; every
hogshead of wine, 2d. ; every wey of iron, 2d. ; every
cartload of lead, 2d. ; every truss of cloth or other mer-
chandise, ^d. ; every crannock of salt, ^d. ; every cran-
nock of wood, every wey of onions or cheese, ^.d. ; every
hogshead of honey or butter, 4^. ; every mease of herrings^
hd. ; every horse burden of salmon, id. ; every hundred
of wares, 2d.

In 1252 a mint was established in the city for regu-
larly coining money, which must have greatly facilitated
commercial dealings, and greatly increased the pros-
perity of the citizens who, judging from the names of
the period, were a medley of many nations.

1274.1 At the latter end of this century their pros-
perity would seem to be on the decline, as they were
forced to petition the king to relieve them from certain
grievances, viz. —

(i) They received from ^Maurice Fitzgerald, who was
justiciary in the year 1244, a certain weir in the Shannon
at Limerick, for three years, and no longer ; since then
they were compelled to pay for and maintain the weir,
very much against their will.

(2) That the forty carucates they held without the
city had been encroached upon by the Irish, who took
away all the " fruits and uses " of it, and they were no
longer able to pay the rent, which was £40 per year.

(3) James de Aldideleg and other justiciaries took
several prizes from the citizens, and no compensation
had been made to them.

(4) When Richard de la Rokel, a former justiciary,
with other magnates of Ireland, were in Limerick for the
purpose of suppressing the Irish, the city took fire and
was burned. To recoup them for their loss on that
occasion it was decided that each county of Ireland

1 S.C.D.I.

THE AFFAIRS OF THE CITY. 151

under English rule would contribute twenty marks to
cover the damage.

King Edward ordered Geoffrey de Genvylle, then
justiciary, to hold an inquisition into the alleged griev-
ances, and forward to him the result of the enquiry.

The inquisition was held immediately by a jury of
the citizens on their oath, who furnished a very full and
accurate report, which confirmed the truth of the griev-
ances already brought under the notice of the king.
The report was despatched by the viceroy to the king,
advising him to confer some favour on the citizens, as
the city held an important place against the enemy,
and suffered much in the past from the Irish, also from
the " prizes " taken by the justiciaries.

In a few years the king released them from the burden
of the weir, and set it to a tenant. In 1291 ^ he granted
them a charter in answer to their petition, and set out
definitely the privileges and liberties of the city. It is
stated that the charter of Dublin was examined to know
exactly what the privileges were, and are now mentioned
in detail for the Limerick citizens, viz. : —

That no citizen of Limerick shall plead without the
walls of the city to any plea except pleas of exterior tene-
ments which do not appertain to the court of the hundred
of said city, and that they be quieted of murder within the
bounds of said city, and that no citizen engage in duel in the
same city, or any appeal which anyone may make against
him, but shall clear himself by the oaths of forty men of
the same city who are legal, and for the advantage of said
city to be built upon.

The citizens were allowed to have the annual fair,
as heretofore, from the eve of St. James the Apostle
and twelve subsequent days, with all the liberties and
free customs pertaining to such a fair.

1 S.C.D.I.

Xlbirteentb Centui*v\

CHAPTER X.

THE ANGLO-NORMAN MANORS IN THE DIOCESE.

There are only a few records extant relating to the
Anglo-Norman settlements in the coimtr}^ portion of the
diocese, in the close of the twelfth and beginning of the
thirteenth century, and these principally refer to places
near the city.

Though there are no records to show when they first
secured a permanent footing in the county, it is evident
that they must have acquired fixity of tenure in the
early part of this century, as there is evidence of a well
established form of government and observance of law,
as it was known in those times. However, it is only
in the latter half of the century that we are able to get
any definite information regarding the families and the
lands they possessed. This information is supplied by
inquisitions taken during the minority of the heirs of
certain manors, which were taken into the king's hands
initil the minors arrived at their majority.

The Geraldincs.

The first of the noble family of the Gcraldines who
settled down in the County Limerick, and laid the
foundations of the house of Desmond, was Thomas
Fitzmaurice,! who died in the year 1215.

He left a son and heir, John Fitzthomas,^ whose
wardship and marriage was purchased from the crown by

1 See Earls of Kildare by Marquis of Kildare ; .ilso I,ynch's View
of the Legal Institutions, etc., in Ireland, p. 232, etc.

2 S.C.D.I.

THE ANGLO-NORMAN MANORS IN THE DIOCESE. I53

his mother for 5,000 marks. The following year it was
granted to Thomas Fitzanthony, Seneschal of Leinster,
and County Waterford, where he had large estates. Fitz-
anthony died in 1229, leaving one daughter, who married
John Fitzthomas while in ward. John at the time of
the marriage seems to have been of age, as he received a
summons from the king to attend him, with other nobles
of England and Ireland.

In 1232 1 he is entered as paying the relief due on
his wife's share of her father's inheritance, and also for
paying some debts due to the Crown by his father-in-law.

In 1244 a grant was made to him and his heirs for
ever of free chase and warren through his estates in
Okonyl (Connelloe). No one had the right of entering
on these privileges without his or his heirs' permission.
Being (1258) now well secured in his Limerick estates,
he resolved to extend his possessions by annexing some
of Thomond, then in the patrimony of the O'Briens.
He gathered his retainers, and entered that country,
where he effected a temporary settlement, but the
turmoil and confusion that followed not only rendered
his acquisition of little value, but endangered the inde-
pendence of the city of Limerick.

When Prince Edward obtained the Lordship of
Ireland from his father (1260), Fitzthomas crossed over
to England, and succeeded in obtaining from that prince
the lands of Decies and Desmond, together with the
castle of Dungarvan. After a long and eventful career
he was slain in an engagement with the MacCarthys,
at Callan,2 near Kenmare, and with him fell his son,
Maurice Fitzjohn who, by Matilda de Barry, his wife,
left one son, Thomas Fitzmaurice,^ a mere infant.

1 See S.C.D.I., where most of the mformation relating to this
lamily is found, unless otherwise mentioned.

2"i26i Anns. Four Masters, see vol. iii., p. 382, note.
3 See Gilbert's Viceroys of Ireland.

154 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

When the news of the defeat reached Tralee the
child's nurses fled in terror from the castle. A large
domestic ape took the deserted baby to the roof of the
castle and round the battlements, to the great dismay
of the spectators, and afterwards placed him tenderly
in his cradle. From this circumstance the boy as he
grew to manhood was called by the Irish, Thomas N'Apa»
or Thomas of the Ape. This is said to account for the
ape in the Geraldine arms.

The MacCarthys followed up their victory by invading
the Geraldine territory, and levelled their castles in
Kerry. Then they proceeded into the County Limerick
and wasted their possessions in Ui Conaill Gabhra, also
burned and levelled the castles there and put their
English warders to death.

During the minority of Thomas his lands were taken
into the king's custody. When he became of age, in
the year 1282, he prayed restoration of his inheritance.
The king ordered an inquisition to be held concerning
the lands occupied by his grandfather, John, whose heir
he was. It was found that he held vast estates in the
counties of Kildare, Waterford, Cork, Kerry, and
Limerick.

He held in the County Limerick a cantred in Cunyl
(Connelloe), called Shamnede (Shanid) of the king, i)i^
capite, for the service of two knights, worth at the time
of his death, ;^ioo. Half a theodum (tuath) at Glenogra,
which he held of Maurice Fitzgerald, 1 for the service of
one knight and suit at the court of AUecath (Athlacca),
also Welese of the citizens of Limerick. This account of
his possessions in the county seems to be imperfect, as
the roll from which they were copied was much injured
by damp.

Thomas was put into possession of the vast property

1 i.e. of the Kildare branch.

THE ANGLO-NORMAN MANORS IN THE DIOCESE. 155

of his grandfather, and then married Margaret de Burgh,
daughter of the Earl of Ulster. He was trained to arms
under Thomas de Clare, who was continually at war with
the Irish. He went into England and spent some time
at Court, where he was a great favourite with the king
and nobles of the realm. He was frequently summoned
by the king, together with other nobles to assist him in
his foreign wars. Having been specially summoned in
the year 1287 to assist the king, he wrote to the Bishop
of Bath, pleading as an excuse for his non-attendance,
that the Irish were greatly elated at the Welsh war,
and some of them having raised war, it was absolutely
necessary for him to remain in Ireland during the winter.

He was also a great favourite among the magnates of
Ireland, as they selected him to fill the office of Justiciary
of Ireland (1295) until such time as the king was able to
make an appointment. He died in Caislen Nua
O'Conaill (Newcastle West) "after the carrying away of
victory from Devil and from world," in the vigour of
his youth, at the age of thirty-eight, in June, 129S, and
was buried in Tralee. ^

After his death an inquisition was taken of his estates,
and their value being ascertained they were taken into
the king's custody, and leased to suitable tenants during
the minorit}^ of his son and heir.

It was found he had four manors in the County
Limerick, viz., Shanid, Nov^o Castro (Newcastle West),
Killyde, and Glenogra, showing thereby that he
considerably augmented the lands he inherited from
his grandfather.

The manor - was of Norman origin, and introduced
by them into England after the Conquest (1066).
William I after being securely established on the English
throne is said to have parcelled out certain circuits of

1 See Clery's Pedigree, Jouy. R.S.A.I., vol. v., 4th series.

2 See Jacob's Lau' Dictionary.

156 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

land to his barons, or men of like worth, for themselves
and their heirs, to dwell upon and exercise such juris-
diction in these territories as the king thought fit to
grant them, for which the}^ were bound to render certain
services and to pay certain rents as specified in the
grant.

The barons that held their lands in this manner from
the king were said to hold them in capite. They in turn
let the lands of the manor thus acquired to other tenants,
who were subject to them as lords of the manor, and
were composed chiefly of two classes, called free tenants
and Betagii.^

The free tenants held their lands subject to a nominal
rent, and were generally obliged to do suit in the court
of the manor. They acted much like our magistrates
now in the petty sessions courts.

The Betagii, .who were generally Irish, were allowed
to hold land in their native districts under the new
rulers as serfs, and their position was similar to that
of vellein tenure in England. They belonged to the
lord of the soil. When he wished to dispose of his
property for convenience or gain, they passed as part
of the assets to the in-coming lord, as we shall see.

When the Anglo-Normans succeeded in becoming
proprietors of large districts in the county, they estab-
lished the feudal system, which was that of a victorious
army quartered in a conquered country. In examining
the formation of the manor, it will be found that the old
Celtic divisions were left unchanged, and through the
vicissitudes of time still retain many of their ancient
characteristics.

This, of itself, is a clear indication of the well-
organized government and high pitcli of civilization
that existed among the ancient Irish, as the essence of

1 A deduction from the reading of S.C.D.T., and is exemplified
in following Inquisitions.

THE ANGLO-NORMAN MANORS IN THE DIOCESE. 157

a well ordered society is respect for individual rights.
This fact alone must have exerted a great influence in
making the Norman grow accustomed to Irish ideals.
In adopting the Irish divisions and sub-divisions of
land, they must often have disputes among themselves
about boundaries and other rights attached to parti-
cular divisions. The natives, who alone possessed the
knowledge requisite for deciding such disputes, were
naturally consulted. Daily intercourse of this kind must
have been a powerful though silent factor in wedding
the foreigner to the manners and customisof the native.

A,,-.,,

- <\^r ., .

V-.. -..

't.i:

*■* - aS:

^.:-

SHAMD CASTLE.

The Manor of Shanid.^

This manor, as has been remarked, was the ancient
home of the Geraldines in the county. This inquisition
gives a very minute account of the internal organization
of the manor, as well as the relative positions of the
Norman and the Irish under the manorial lord.

i.S.C.D./., 1298.

158 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Demesne Lands. — After the death of Thomas, in
1298, a jury was sworn to lind out the exact value of
his various manors.

They found in the Manor of Shanid that there was
360 acres of arable land, which they valued at 6d. per
acre. 16 acres of meadow and 2 acres at Adlen at 6d,
per acre. From pasture and park nothing could be
received as no one would rent pasture there. There
was 9 acres of arable land beside the demesne called
Kilbecan, which they valued at 4s. 6d. per year. Total,
£g 13s. 6d.

The Lands held by the Irish. — The Irish held
three-quarters of land at Adthe (Athea), which was value
for 40S. in time of peace ; Manchmore (Banemore), 40s.
in time of peace ; half a quarter at Ballauchdram lying
waste and producing nothing, because it lies among the
Irish. These townlands comprised the country lying
between Ballyhahill and Athea, evidently inhabited by
Irish enjoying their own laws and a certain amount of
independence.

The following townlands were scattered through the
manor, and generally contained the worst lands : —

Half a quarter at Clouncarnan (obsolete), value
13s. 4d. per year.

Cloinclouthny (on Knockpatrick hill), value 13s. 4^.
per year.

Half quarter at Tolauhariter, value i mark per year.

One quarter at Funnath (Finnoe), value 26s. 8^. per
year.

Half quarter at Ballimalys (Ballynash), value 20s. per
year.

Bally coman, value i6s. Sd. per year.

Parcels of land at Sangenauth and Goaitroyth, value
40s. yer year.

Ballyboher and Knockeveny, value los. per year.

THE ANGLO-NORMAN MANOKS IN THE DIOCESE. 159

Garran (a townland near Foynes, obsolete), value
16s. per year.

Crag, value lO marks per year.

Small parcel held by the smith, near Castle, value
2s. per year.

Total, £19 los.

Free Tenants.— John Fitzjohn,i half a tuath in
Glancorby (parish of Glin), for 20s. when royal service
was proclaimed, and does suit at court.

John Clouthram and Thomas Crispin, 12 acres at
Kerwenger, rendering 6s. 8d., and does suit.

Margery Goer, half tuath at Robert's Castle (now
Robertstown), 20s. when royal service is proclaimed,
and also pays 5s. rent.

Raymond de Valle (Wall), two parts of a moiety of
I tuath in Dunmoylan, for los. when royal service is
proclaimed, and does suit ; he also renders for Ballyrng
(Bally roe) 24s. 6d.

Robert de Lees, half tuath in Lysmuir (Lismakery ?),
for 20s., and does suit.

John Fitzjohn, a third part of half a tuath in
Mohyrgan (Morgans), for 20s. when royal service is
proclaimed, and does suit.

Maurice of London, half a carucate in Tilauthaneshan,
rendering 2s. per year, and does suit.

Gilbert de Laundry, half tuath in Monitirdryan 2
(parish of Kilbradran), renders nothing, but does suit.

Robert de Valle, i carucate at Ballyethan (Ballyane),
renders 26s. 8d., and does suit.

The heirs of William Rothelan, half a carucate at
Kylcroscran (Kilcosgrave), renders 26s. Sd.'' to the Bishop
of Limerick, to acquit part of the demesne lands charged
with the rent of the bishop.

1 Ancestor of the Knights of Glin.

2 See Peyton's Survey.

l6o DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Robert, son of Robert Purcell^ half tuath in Rath-
ronan for 20s., when royal service was proclaimed,

John Gradok, i carucate at Carnhousteragh (Caher-
nagh), los. when royal service is proclaimed, and does
suit.

The heirs of David de Capella, 3 curacates at Dun-
geygh (Dmicaha), rendering 3s. at Easter, and does suit.

Henry de Capella, i carucate in Ardryn (Ardaneer ?),
rendering 2s., and does suit.

Thomas Boscher, half carucate, at Gortmolkeran
(part of Morgans ?), rendering 4s. -^d. per acre, and does
suit.

Henr}' Fitzrobert, half carucate at Balligaveryn
(was near Foynes), rendering 12^. per year, without suit.

Milo Bozon, half a carucate ^ in Ogawyr (Glenagower)
without rent, and does suit.

Total service, /6 ; total rent, £4 i8s. M.

There is a garden with its curtilage (a plot belonging
to a dwelhng), valued at 6s. 8^.

Hand mills, per year, 6s. Sd.

Pannage,2 55. 8(i.

Perquisites of court, with heriots,^ fines, and pay-
ments of Irish, are valued at 40s.

There are no works of Betagii because they are
charged with rent for works, gifts, and presents.

There is nothing from warrens, because the rabbits
are destroyed by foxes.

A mill at Newgrange, 13s. ^d.

Total, £4 6s. yd. ; total of totals, £38 8s. lod., where-
from was subtracted 8s. paid yearly to the Bishop of

' Carucate ^ 120 acres. See Glossary S.C.D.I. (1285-1292),
p. 668.

2 The food which swine feed upon in the woods as the mast of
beech, acorns, etc. See Jacob's Law Dictionary.

3 Heriot the best beast, whether horse or cow, that the tenant
dies possessed of, due and payable to the Lord of the Manor, etc.
See Jacob's Law Dictionary.

THE ANGLO-NORMAN MANORS IN THE DIOCESE. l6l

Limerick by Thomas, for land which his grandfather
granted to the nuns of O'Konyl {i.e. St. Catherine's, near
Shanagolden), and 26s. 8d. paid to the same bishop to
acquit land of demesne which Thomas held of him there ,
total, 34s. 8d. The manor is worth for the king's use,
£7,6 14s. 2d. clear.

The Manor of Novo Castro {Newcastle West).

This manor comprised the ancient tuaths of O'Bathyn
and Corco' Oighe, which are substantially the same as
the present poor-law parishes of Newcastle West,
Monagea and Abbeyfeale. In this inquisition they are
not separately referred to except the sergeancy of each.
We have a better knowledge of the topography of this
manor, it seems more desirable to group the townlands
under the old divisions.

Taking O'Bathyn first, the jury found that the castle
and buildings inside the wall, as well as those without,
were of no value, as it was necessary to devote larger
sums to their upkeep than can be levied from them.

Free Tenants.— Geoffry Roberts and Robert le
Blund held half-quarter of land, at Deryndromcarme
(Derrin, near Athea), rendering 24s. 8^. per year, and
doing suit at court.

Wilham Dundonenald, half-quarter in Glyngowyn
(Glenagown), at 2d. per year, and does suit.

William Toost, 10 acres in Lysmatleth (now obsolete),
without suit.

Phihp Fitzralph and Adam de Portesbury, 24 acres
in Le Nanagh, in later times this was called Le Granagh,
and was the name of a large district running from Ash-
grove over the hill to Athea, and comprised several
townlands.

Farmers. — There was 40 acres in Donaly (Dooally),

M

l62 . DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

formerly held by Philip Fitzrobert, valued at Sd. per
acre, total, £2 6s. 8d.

Lands of Betagii. — A quarter of land at Addouan
(in Athea district), value in time of peace, 13s. 4^.

A small parcel at Glengort (near old mill), valued
at 2s.

Quarters of land at Rouscathmore (Rooska) and
Rouscathbeg, valued at £8.

Berne (Ballynabearna), 60s.

Asdare (Glennestar), 40s.

Doukone Wall, alias Dowathkatyn (Doocatten),
13s. 4d.

Lystenbretenauch, ahas Lysnebrannagh, situated at
the foot of Rooska Hill, but now obsolete, 40s.

Ballycoure, alias Ballemenyth (Ballinena), 60s,

Duffaly (Dooaly) excepting the 40 acres above, 40s.

Ballyurfin, alias Ballyhursynte, Baleferris, now Bally-
pierce, 4 marks.

Ballyhathern, near same place, 4 marks.

Kylordan (Kilrodane), (^4.

Corco' Oighe,

Free Tenants. — Robert Hackett, 3+ carucates at
Glenhom (Glenquin), rendering an i^., with suit.

Richard de London, i quarter at Knockbrack.

Richard de Valle, i carucate at Kilcapley (obsolete),
rendering 26s. 8d., without suit.

Ismaena Coterel, i carucate at Anecroygh' (Ardna-
crohy), renders nothing but does suit.

The Lands of the Betagii. — Kilconleithe (Kil-
conlea) and Knockrathdermot (the old name of the
coimtry lying round ]\Iouiit Collins, and is still the legal
name for Ballybeg, 20s.)

THE ANGLO-NORMAN MANORS IN THE DIOCESE. 163

Drnmrathnauch (Drumtrasna), 40s.

A parcel of land at Seskenledan (Sesken), ^s.

Kylmacsnehyn (obsolete), £4.

Dowyll/ known in Elizabeth's time as Drumros,
Dowyll, the last and oldest part disappeared, and is now
known as Dromroe.

Rathneconyr, obsolete, but was on the mountain
near Glenquin Castle, 20s.

Ballydaly (perhaps Ballydahy), 5 marks.

Ballygarwyth, alias Ballyogarwith (Ballymorrough),
40s.

Gortinore, obsolete, 6s. 8^.

Forty acres at Fethbeg and Fethmore, each of which
was valued at 8d. per year ; where these townlands were
situated I do not know.

Such are the principal divisions of the manor arranged
under the old tuaths, and in arranging them I have
followed the Rentyl of O'Conaill. s. d.

The mill at Newcastle was valued at . . 6 8

Ardauch (Ardagh) ,, . . 6 8

Hand mills „ I3 4

Sergeancy - of O'Bathan ,, . . 20 o

„ Corkoygh „ . . 6 8

Pannage ,, • - 10 0

Perquisites of court, as well English as of Irish, and as
well of Newcastle as of Killyde, lOOs., which clearly shows
the Irish living in this manor and Killyde enjoyed their
own laws side by side with the English.

Perquisites of the court of the hundred at Ardagh,
6s. 8^.

Prisage (what the lord claimed, usually one-tenth),
as well of flesh as of ale of Newcastle, 2s. per year.

The cottagers of Newcastle held i6|- acres at 41s.
per year.

iSee Peyton's Survev. ^ A rent receiver {Peyton Survey),

164 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

There are at Ballydonly (obsolete) 30 acres, which was
vakied at 20s. per year.

At Kilnehalyn (Killeehne) a parcel of land at 2S-
per 3^ear. Tulauchaylin, 4 acres held by Campdin le
Tailor, valued at 2s. 8d., and parcels at Clonkille, valued
at 2s., ^and Gortloman at i2d. per year. All these
townlands are in the vicinity of Newcastle but now
forgotten.

The heirs of Thomas de Clare held i tuath in Moy-
cavenagh (Mahoonagh), at 20s. when royal service
was proclaimed. This would indicate that De Clare
held the manor of Mahoonagh as a fief from Fitz-
maurice.

The church of Newcastle, with the vicarage, was
yearly worth lOOs,

The church of de Agath (now in ruins in the townland
of Appletown), with its chapels, ;jrio.

The church of Mahoonagh, with vicarage, 10 marks..

The church of Mo^mcroo^ (Croagh), 20 marks.

All four the gift of the fee.

The Manor of Killyde {Killeedy).

This manor embraces the old tuath of Cleanglass, the
ancient home of the O'Cuilens, lords of Hy Connail, the
last of whom perished in 1266, In this inquisition it
forms a part of the Geraldine estates.

The Free Tenants. — John Thomond, half-quarter at
Louath (locally known as Lougig, and lay in the eastern
part of Killeedy parish), pays 20s., and does suit.

Alan de Nangle, i tuath in O'Donwys — a name now
obsolete — rendering 20s. when royal service was pro-
claimed, and does suit.

1 The patronage of this church belonged to the Earl of Devoa
(the successor of Desmond in this manor).

THE ANGLO-NORMAN MANORS IN THE DIOCESE. 165

The heir of John Hervey held half-quarter at Agag
and Hermyston, rendering 6s. 8d., and does suit.

Lands of Betagii : —
Levathmore, alias Levimore, now Hernsbrook
Kentowyer (Kantogher), half-quarter
Ballidouan ( Bally duhig) i quarter
Agag (now Appletown) i quarter
Ballyowen, i parcel
Balauch (Ballaugh), half-quarter
Kilkenro (Kilcoora) parcel
Gortrichard, parcel . .

Fynglass (now included in Ballylanigan) i quarter
Gorreveran
Clonderrawn

A parcel of orchard land, valued at
Cottages near the castle
The mill, valued at
Serge ancy

There is a demesne, 180 acres of arable land, valued
at 6d. per acre, 6 acres of meadow, at 6d. per acre per
year, and no pasture.
Total of totals, /20 15s.

s.

d.

4

0

4

0

40

0

10

0

30

0

10

0

3

4

20

0

4

0

13

4

3

0

0

12

4

0

6

8

The Manor of Glenogra.

The jury found that there was in demesne in this
manor, 300 acres of arable land, and valued each acre
at 8^. per acre ; 14 acres of meadow at ^d. per acre ;
a pasture within the demesne for oxen and cows ; another
at le Calgauthe, the herbage of which is valued at i6s.
A small grove, from which the lord can obtain nothing
except brambles and rods for ploughs, and value for
nothing ; a carucate of land at Dromnecarry (Drominy-
carra) partly arable and partly meadow, together with
the neighbouring pool, value £4 per year ; 3 carucates of
land at le Crethan (Crean), held by Betagii, and valued

l66 • DIOCESE OF LIMERICK. .

at £i2- The Betagii render for hand mills, 14s, per
year. Total, £2"] 14s. 8^.

Free Tenants. — William of London holds 4 caru-
cates in Cahergilmore, and pays los. when royal service
is proclaimed, and does suit at the court of Glenogra.

Archibald Fitztankard, Philip Slane, Thomas Maunsel,
and Nicholas le Blund, hold i^ carucates in Kyldere
(Kilderry), for 5s. when royal service is proclaimed, and
does suit at court, each holding an equal portion.

The burgesses of the roll of Glenogra hold 6 carucates
of land in burgages, and pay 119s. per year. They are
also obliged to do suit at the court of the Hundred.

PER YEAR

s. d.
There is a water mill, which is valued at . . . . 30 o

A garden „ . . ..50

Pannage ,, . . ..68

There are six pools, the fishery of which is worth 7 10
Turbary . . , . . . . . . . ..40'

Perquisites of court Foreign, with heriots . . ..68

Perquisites of the court of the Hundred . . ,.68

Sergeancy . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 4

Total of totals, i^^j 14 4

Except when royal service was proclaimed, then 40s.

is to be paid to Agnes de Valence, at Athleckath (Athlecca),

showing thereby that Glenogra was a fief of that manor

which belonged to the Kildare branch of the family.

Manors of Thomas De Clare. ^
About two miles south-east of Newcastle West,
on the right bank of the Deel, and on a gentle swell of

1 See a series of interesting essays, " Normans in Thomond,"
Journal R.S.A.I., vol. i., fifth serise, pp. 284, 387, 462. by T.
Westropp, M.A. The references to original documents are accurately,
given.

THE AXGLO-NORMAX MANORS IN THE DIOCESE. 16/

the plain, stands the village of Mahoonagh, popularly
known as Castlemahon.

At the eastern end of the village street are to be seen
the ruins of the castle which was the seat of the manor.
Though its halls no longer ring with the clash of arms
or resound with the noise of feasting and revelry, still
in the distance it preserves the stately grandeur and bold
outline of bygone glory.

At the time the present inquisition was taken the
manor belonged to Thomas de Clare, who in his day
was a remarkable figure in Irish history.

He w^as son of Richard, Earl of Glouster, and Governor
of London, where he became a personal friend of Edward L
Thomas obtained Hcence to settle in Ireland as early
as 1269, but did not carry out his intention until Edward
returned from the Holy Land.

1274. On his .arrival in Ireland he obtained the
custody of the castle and county of Limerick. Shortly
after he married Juliana the daughter of Maurice
Fitzgerald, third baron of Offaly. This marriage brought
him large estates in County Limerick, and gave him a
high social standing among the English colonists. He
succeeded in getting a grant of Bunratty, in Clare,
which was formerly granted to Muscegross, who sur-
rendered his claim to it on receiving a valuable
consideration from De Clare.

Just at this time the O'Briens quarrelled among
themselves, and according to the old cus:om, the weaker
side sought the aid of the enemy who generally succeeded
in seizing the inheritance of both. Brien Roe, the
then King of Thomond, having been expelled from
his kingdom by his nephew, came to De Clare, Governor
of Linierick, to aid him in regaining his territory. De
Clare immediately consented, and one night mustered
the English and Irish retainers under the Fitzgeralds,
Butlers, himself, and O'Brien at the Thomond gate

l68 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

of the city, and marched into Clare. Thus com-
menced a war which lasted many a year with varied
success, and finally culminated in the ruin and extinction
of the De Clares at the battle of Dysert O'Dea.

The united army marched to the palace of the ursurper,
whom they put to flight. Nothing daunted, however,
he again returned and entered Tradree, where he en-
countered De Clare's expedition. After a hard-fought
battle they separated, leaving the issue doubtful, though
a great number were slain on both sides, among the
number De Clare's brother-in-law, Patrick Fitzmaurice.

On the evening of this battle Brian Roe was the guest
of De Clare at Bunratty, and while sharing his hospitality
he was treacherousl}^ seized and put to death at the
instigation of JuHana, De Clare's wife. The treacherous
and cruel death that was inflicted on O'Brien leaves a
deep stain on the memory of De Clarej

The O'Briens shortly after made peace among
themselves. De Clare taking advantage of the quiet-
ness of the times passed into England to look after
his interests in that country. On his return he was
much enraged at the ravages that were made in his
territory of Bunratty by the O'Briens during his absence.
He quickly assembled his forces and again marched
into Thomond to chastise his old enemies who were
prepared to meet him. Both armies met on the old battle
ground on the borders of Tradree v>^here De Clare fell a
victim to the formidable battle-axe of his rival, Thorlough,
on the 27th of August, 1287. His body was recovered
and buried in the Franciscan monastery in the city of
Limerick.

The Government immediately held an inquisition
into his property, and to this we are indebted for the
very full and interesting information that has come
down to us relating to Mahoonagh.

THE ANGLO-NORMAN MANORS IN THE DIOCESE. 169

The Manor of MaJwonagh.
The jurors met on the 27th September, 1287,^ and
found that there was in the manor of Moyavenach
(Mahoonagh) 150 acres of arable land in demesne, value
for 8d. per acre, five acres they valued at 3d. per acre,
a moor containing 5 acre which they valued at 5^., a
wood containing 2 carucates of land yearly worth for
sale 6s. 8d., the pasture of this wood is worth nothing.
Total £6 2s. id.

Free Tenants.— Henry Capella held 7 carucates
of land in Magne (Meane) and Gerbally (Garbally),
pays one sparrow-hawk or 4^. and does suit.

Maurice de Lee i carucate at Cromman now obsolete
but was the name of a district lying round the old,
church of Aughsh, pays one sparrow hawk or 6d. and
does suit.

The heirs of Maurice Fitzmaurice i carucate in Clon-
more (Cloonmore), pays 6s. 8d. and does suit.

David Capella, 3 carucates at Athmolk (Ahawilk),
pays 2s. and does suit.

John Fitzjohn, i carucate at Le Wath. This word
beginning with a " w " but should be an " r, " as
further down Wathbraly is evidently Rathfreeda
tracing it through the various documents. This being
so Le Wath would now be Shanrath near the village
of Castle Mahon. It paid los. and the owner does suit.

The heir of Maurice Fitzmaurice, 40 acres at Gortsta
(Gortscagh), pays los. and does suit. Walter Flemyng
5 carucates at Cresdire alias Dyrre, perhaps Knocka-
derry, pays 4s. 6d. and does suit. Richard le Norreys,
I carucate at Wathbruly (Rathfreeda), Adam le Cantillon
5 carucates m Ardsynan. This name is sometimes

1 See S.C.D.I.

lyO; . DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

written Ardfynan, and was in the parish of Clonelty^
but now forgotten. It may be included in the town-
land of Ballinoe. It pays 20s. when royal service is
proclaimed, . and Contillon does suit at court.

The Lands of Betagii. — This portion of the
inquisition is imperfect, as some of the names of the
townlands are obliterated.

There were seventeen Betagii of Olechaunys,
O'Molcorkris (Corkery), O'Cassiis (Casey), O'Cathsochiis
and others, and English rent payers who held an carucate
of land in Kilredyr (Kilready), i carucate . . . and
Balidelan, i carucate in Baliargie, i carucate in Clon-
ker3m and Moulene (Cloonsherrick and Moanleana), each
of these carucates was valued at 2 marks and their works
20S. a year. Pannage 2s. a year, pleas and perquisites
10s. a year, total of totals £15 os. 2d. In the return
of the Betagii we have the names of some of the Irish
that held in that tenure. It is interesting to find that
up to a few years ago a family named Casey lived in
Cloonsherrick, and many of them are still to be found in
the neighbouring townlands.

Ayne (Knockainey)}

This manor formerly;belonged to Geoffry de Marisco
but after his lands were escheated it passed to the king
who ordered that it should form a part of Queen Elinor's
dower if she should survive the king (1253). The next
year it was granted to Godrey de Lezignan who was to
hold it from the king by the service of three knights.
He having been informed that it was intended for the
queen's dower at once resigned it (1262). Later on,
however, it was granted to Warrin de Bassingburn,.

1 See S.C.D.I.

THE AXGLO-XORMAX MANORS IN THE DIOCESE. I7I

and he gave it to Thomas de Clare in exchange for lands
in England. This manor lay round the hill of Knockainey,
and extended to Lough Gur, the details of which are
outside the scope of this work.

The Manor of Corcomoydc {Corcomohide).

This manor though belonging to De Ciare is not
given among his lands in this inquisition. It lay to
the east of Mahoonagh, and as early as 1283, De Clare
obtained patent for a market to be held there every
Thursday.

Juliana, the wife of De Clare, objected to Walter
de Haye, Escheator of Ireland, taking this manor into
the king's custody. She went before the justiciary,
and stated that it was her marriage portion. There
and then, an inquisition was taken in presence of the
escheator, with the result that Juliana established her
claim. Soon after Amabilia, sister of Juliana, came
before the justices on circuit in County Limerick, and
sued Juliana for half the manor as being her right in as
much as the manor belonged to their father, Maurice,
now deceased.

Amabilia succeeded in recovering the moiety, and
then enfeofed her cousin, John Fitzthomas, who held
it for eighteen months. Juliana appealed to the higher
court, and succeeded in making good her case by pro-
ducing the original charter which stated that Maurice
Fitzgerald granted to Thomas de Clare for his homage
and services the manor of Corcomoyde. This lawsuit
may explain why it is not included in this inquisition.

Reyns.

There is mention made of a manor of Reyns, but the
names of the townlands are not given, and I am unable
to say if it were identical with Reens between Rath-

172 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

keale and Newcastle. The most remarkable thing
mentioned in connection with it is, that there were
three turbaries there. If it is the same Reens as above,
the cutting away of the turf would account for the
low lying land which is constantly flooded during the
winter by the Deel.

The Manor of Rathgel {Rathkeale).

The earliest reference to the Manor of Rathkeale is
to be found in the Black Book. It is there stated that
Robert Waspayl,i granted sometime between 1212-1228
the church of Rathkeale to the abbey of Keynsham,
Somersetshire, as lord of the soil. From this we may
infer that Robert at the time of the grant was in
peaceable possession of this manor. His name occurs
as early as the year 1203, in the State papers as
witness to documents, and seemed to be held in great
esteem by his fellow colonists. He also had large
possessions in the County Carlow. At his death he
was succeeded by his son, Henry, who died young
without issue, and the property passed to the next brother
Roger.

1251. This is the one who was granted free warren
in his manor at Rathkeale. There is another document
in the Black Book relative to an argeement between
him and Matthew, parson of Rathenesuer 2 (Rathnaseer),
in which it is stated that Roger gave in the district
of Escamb the townlands of Ballycoleman ^ (near
Knockaderry) and Balleomolothum, together with the
native clerics of Henaho in"^exchange^for the lands lying
between Rathkeale and the Deel, together with the
betagii living on them.. From this document we learn
that the native clergy occupied the same humiliating

B.B.L

1 B.B.L., p. 74.

2 Ibid., p. 105.

3 See Peyton's Survey.

THE ANGLO-NORMAN MANORS IN THE DIOCESE. 1 73

position as the generality of their coiuitrymen under
the new rulers.

1280. Another Roger, i son of the preceding, granted
to John Matravers, in fee, all his rights in the manor
of Rathkeale, a messuage and two carucates of land
in Kilcoleman, and a messuage and a carucate in Lockyl
(Loughill) near Knockaderry. By this act the Waspayls
severed their connection with County Limerick.

The Manors of Maycroo- {Croagh).

Chyunecke (Kenry) Ballycathelan (Ballyculhane in
parish of Kildimo).

1296. Hugh Purcell got a grant from the crown of
free warren in the above manors, and also in his estates
in County Tipperary and Kilkenny. When exactly the
Purcell family obtained these manors in the County
Limerick there is no record. But they seem to be
settled there early in this century, as the name occurs
in inquisitions. They alwa3^s held a high and honour-
able position. In 1274 Hugh was sheriff of the county
and held the castle in the city. For discharging the
duties attached to this office he received /lo from the
exchequer.

1298. He passed into England on the king's business,
and obtained power of attorney for his son, William,
during his absence.

1301. He is mentioned as having received letters
from the king to go into Scotland. There are no town-
lands mentioned as comprising these manors, but they
must have embraced the country round Croagh Kenry
and Ballyculhane. The family flourished in this part
of the country for centuries, and are often mentioned
as playing a noble part in the fortunes of their adopted
country.

ISee S.C.n.I.

2 Ibid, under year 1296 and following dates.

174 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Bruree.^

The references to this historic spot are very few in
Anglo-Norman documents. In 1242 it was seized from
John de Marisco and his wife Mabel, grandchild of
Richard de Burgh. Afterwards it was restored to her
as it was found to be her- marriage portion. In 1289
it was held under warrants of Maurice and Eva de Lesse
(Lacy) by Robert de Marisco.

1281. In Howardstown we find Esse (Lacy) and his
wife paying Le Marks balance of rents. There is also
mention of free tenants of the names of Fitzroger and
Moyll residing there. A portion of this townland
called Culbalisward, 1284 (now Cooleen) was granted by
Alexander de Anno to John de Saunford, Archbishop of
Dubhn, and remained attached to that see after the
Reformation.

The Manor of Tihcrneyum {Tohhernea).

Having now taken a survey of the new colony and
their possessions in Hy Conaill, we pass to Hy Cairbe,
the other great division of Hy Fidhgente. The earliest
manor in this division of which the records of this period
furnish us with any details, is that of Tiberneyum,
still giving its name to a townland in the parish of Effin.

1207. King John granted to Philip de Prendergast
15 knights' fees between Inishannon and Kinsale, which
were formed into the manors of Carrigiline and Duglass.
Philip was succeeded by his son, Gerard, who, at the time
of his death in 1251, held in addition to the above manors
those of Ballyea and Tobbernea.

Gerard was twice married. His first wife was sister
of Theobald Pincera, who died leaving one daughter

1 S.C.D.I., year 1242 where it is written Brunry.

THE ANGLO-NORMAN MANORS IN THE DIOCESE. I75

who was afterwards married to De Cogan. His second
wife was daughter of Richard de Burgh, with whom
he had received as dower the manor of Tobbernea-
He was in possession of this dower before the year 1240,
as it is stated in the Black Book that an agreement
was entered between Gerard and Hubert, Bishop of
Limerick, at Kilmallock in 1240, regarding the advowson
of the churches of Kilbegly, Kilconegan (Kilquane), and
Effin, which incidently discloses that the manor was
at least co-extensive with the present parish of Effin
and that the old tuath of Desibeg extended to the con-
fines of the County Cork.

Gerard died in the year 125 1, and his heirs being
minors, an inquisition was held into his property, the
bulk of which lay in Cork county and is outside the
scope of this enquiry.

In Limerick it was found he possessed the manor of
Tiberneyum (Tobbernea), comprising 7 fees, 7 carucates,
and 59|- acres, which he held of Richard de Burgh in
Desibeg, and i carucate from the Bishop of Limerick
at half a mark. These lands were sub-let in the following
manner : —

Gerald Fitzmilo, 3 fees by the service of half-knight's
fee.

Henry de Prendergast, i fee by the service of quarter-
knight's fee.

Henry Barat, half-fee by the service of quarter-
knight's fee.

In the ville there were three free tenants : —

Richard Gar, ^ carucate at i mark per year and 10
acres at 3d.

Thomas the chaplin, i acre at ^d,

Richard Kartere, 30 acres at 5^. per acre.

William Hantlan, i^ carucates at 20s. per year.

John Goss, I carucate at i mark per year.

Konewore O'Lougan, i carucate at i mark per year.

176 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Richard Wilde, half carucate and 30 acres at 47s. 6d,
per year.

Alexander Baard, i carucate at 20s. per year.

Robert le Chance, i carucate at 20s. per year.

John Lebaut, half carucate at los. per year.

William de la Hare, i carucate at 30s. per year.

Elias Cordewaner, half carucate at 40s. per year.

The Irish held 3 carucates for 3 marks a year, and
Finegole Jmene O'Conni had 10 acres of land without
rent. The natives here, as elsewhere, were treated as
serfs by the Norman, though it is pleasant to find that
some of them occupied a more elevated position in the
organization of this manor than is usually allotted to
them. In the demesne there were 5 carucates 4^ acres
let for 220-i- crannocks of wheat, each being valued at
40^. and 220 crannocks of oats at i8d. per crannock.
There were 34 acres in meadow for 34s. a year, mills
3 marks per year, pleas and profits 20s., curtilages 6s. 8d.

David Fitzadam held i fee for i lb. of pepper, ^r's^

Total revenue in money, £17 17s. ; in corn, £48 13s. 2d,

Gerald also held from David Barry one-half cantred
of corkoyhe — I presume in paper — by the service of
one knight's fee, and John Fitzthomas held the land of
Gerard by the same service which was never rendered.

Gerard left an only daughter by his second wife^
who was entrusted with her portion by the king to
Maurice Rochford, son of Guy, one of his grooms, to hold
until her full age and marriage. She was accordingly
placed under Maurice's care, and all her dower passed
into his hands. In the following year he received a
grant for holding a weekly market every Tuesday in
his manor of Tobbernea, and a yearly fair lasting for
six days from August 27th to September 3rd.i

1 See S.C.D.I. where all that is inserted here about Tobbernea is
to be found under the above years.

THE ANGLO-NORMAN MANORS IN THE DIOCESE. 177

1253. It would appear that Maurice married his
ward, Matilda, the daughter of Gerard, who were dis-
possessed of their inheritance byDe Cogan another heir,
while Matilda was under age and in the king's custody.
The king immediately restored their property which had
been so violenth^ wrested from them. As already stated,
this Maurice de Rocheford founded the canonry of Efftn,
a very meritorious act of generosity for a landed
proprietor in those days.

Th2 Manors of Croom,^ Athlacca, Adare, Castlerohert,
and Wirigedi.

The Kildare Geraldines had also large possessions in
the county, principally east of the i\Iaigue in the old
territory of Ui Cairbre.

1216. Maurice Fitzgerald, second baron of Offaly,
obtained a grant of Crom (Croom), which was at one
time the principal residence, as it is from it they took
their famous war cry " Crom Aboo." He held the
high and important office of justiciary. When he was
removed from that office he came south and waged
an implacable war against the Irish, which merited
for him from their annalists the unenviable title of
" Destroyer of the Gaels." He was also implicated
in the death of Earl Richard at the Curragh of
Kildare, but pardoned by the king.

1251. A grant was made to him of free warren in
his demesne lands in Cairbre, County Limerick. It is
stated by some authors that towards the end of his life
he retired into the monastery of Youghal, founded by
himself, and there died in the habit of St. Francis in the
year 1257. The State papers tell another tale which
is inconsistent with the popular version of the closing

1 The following is taken from S.C.D.I. See also Earls of h'ildare,
where the facts are stated somewhat differently.

178 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

years of his life. It would appear that some years
before his death he married Agnes de Valence, the king's
cousin, and at the time of their marriage John de Verdon
bestowed upon them the manors of Crometh (Croom),
Ailetageth (Athlacca), Greene, and Wrigedi, Adare and
Castlerobert, w^hich John received some years previously
from Maurice. John enfeoffed them with the condition
that should Maurice die before Agnes, without issue,
she should enjoy the profits of them until her death,
when they were to revert to Maurice's heirs. Accordingly
we find her in possession of these manors long after
Maurice's death. Although she afterwards married
John de Avenys, she is always mentioned in legal docu-
ments by her maiden name. She was in possession of
these manors in the year 1298, when they seem to have
passed to Gerald, grandson of Maurice, who was drowned
while crossing into England. They then passed into
the possession of Juliana, his sister, who was married
to De Cogan. She in turn gave them to John Fitzthomas
in exchange for the manor of Maynooth.

Kilmallock.

Kilmallock, as we have seen, was a place of importance
in the Celtic period of our history, and retained that
position under the change of rulers, as the name occurs
in some of the earliest documents referring to the Anglo-
Norman occupation. The monastic property after the
disappearance of the old monastery would seem to have
been merged into the episcopal property of the diocese.
Geoffry Marisco was in possession of the ville of Kil-
mallock as tenant to the bishops ; he is mentioned as
paying homage for that town to Hubert a short time
after he became bishop.

In 1265 David de Barry of Buttevent quit claimed
and surrendered whatever rights he had in the fair

THE ANGLO-NORMAN MANORS IN THE DIOCESE. I79

held in Kilmallock to Robert of Emly, bishop of the
diocese and his successors. In the Black Book there
are a ver}^ important set of deeds conferring certain
rents in the town of Kilmallock on the bishop and
chapter. Unfortunately they are undated, but judging
from the similarity of names in them, and in other
documents in the same book, they may be referred to
the closing years of the thirteenth century. They
incidentally disclose the names of the principal streets,
roads leading from them to the country, as well as the
names of the citizens, giving a vivid glimpse of the old
town in its primitive simplicity.

The first of these documents refer to a grant made
by John Young of 5 marcs, 4s. d^d., the rent of certain
houses and lands which were situated inside and outside
the town, viz. : —

5. d.
One burgage of land in possession of John Hert
which extends in length from Mona Mor on the
south, to the great water (niagnam aquam) on
the north, in breadth from the land of Henry
Baird on the east, to the land of Robert Fitz-
hugh on the west . . . . ..76

The tenement of Walter Dug in the Main Street
[magna vice), between that of John Fitzrodi and
and Letitie Seler . . . . . . . . —

The tenement of Nicholas Stopphil in the Main
Street . . . . . . . . . . —

The tenement of Hugh Serston in Main Street . . 0 20'
The tenement of Adam Flandr in the Main Street,
between the road (viam) which leads to the
Church of SS. Peter and Paul, and the tenement
of William Pellipar . . . . ..50

The tenement of John Eoco in the Main Street . . 20
William Clonterel, land in Main Street . . ..02

The tenements of James Somerford and Adam

Sewchil c , . . . . . . . . o 8A.

l80 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

The tenement of William White in Blapatstret s. d.
(Blossom Street) . . . , . . ..05

The tenement of John Neyl in Blapatstret (Blossom

Street) . . . . . . . . ..06

The tenement of Robert Neyl in Blapatstret . . 06
Another belonging to Robert in Blapatstret . . 06
The tenement of Thomas Mey in Blapatstret,
between the town foss (fossa) and the tenement
of Robert Wandreg .. .. ..on

The tenement of John le Grey in Blapatstret . . o 10
The tenement of David Fitzwilliam . . . . o 10

The tenement of Walens in Blapatstret . . . . o 26

The tenement of William de Holde . . ..06

The tenement of Henry Totomy in the Main Street,
between the stone houses {domos lapides) of Rodi
de Kilkenny . . . . . . ..02

3 acres of land belonging John Neyl . . ..01

5 acres which the said John Neyl bought from
Henry Fitzjordan in length from the land of
the vicr in the west, in breadth from the land of
Rodi Kilkenny, in the south to the king's high-
way {viam regalem) which runs opposite woods on
the north . . . . . . ,. ..08

The tenement of William Canterel, Main Street . . 20
The tenement of John Arnold, Main Street . . o 40

The tenement of Henry le Tannr, Main Street . . 30
The tenement of Henry de Lorn'y, Main Street . . o 10
The tenement of Henry Bluet, Main Street . . 20
The tenement of William Fitzhenry, Main Street 0 11
The tenement of John Bluet, senior. Main Street o 12
The tenement of John Fitzalan, Main Street . . 06
The tenement of John Neyl, Main Street . . o 16

The tenement of Walter Kilfrys, Main Street . . 02
The tenement of John Fitzhenry Fitzjordan, Main

Street . . . . . . . . . . 0 20

The tenement of John le Kene, Main Street . . o 25
The tenement of John Bluet, junior, Main Street o 14
The tenement of Henry Baiard, Main Street . . 0 21

THE ANGLO-NORMAN MANORS IN THE DIOCESE. l8l

S. d.
The tenement of Elie le Machim, Main Street . . 012
The tenement of Richard le Hachim, Main Street o 12
The tenement of John Baiard, Main Street . . 0 22

The tenement of Peter Pichard, Main Street . . 012
The tenement of Adam Husse, Main Street, . . o 20
The tenement of John Laudans, senior, Main Street 0 8
3 acres of land belonging to Henry Baiard called
Gobli, in length from ... in the west to the
king's highway in the east . . . . . . —

The land of Walter de Any in length from the royal

road on the south, to the great water on the north o 22
One burgage of Gerald, son of Henry de Prendergast,
in breadth from Botherbralmekeyn in the east to
some lands in the west ... . . ..30

The tenement of William Fedem in Flemystret,
opposite the cross of John Fitzrichard, between
the king's highway and another way. . ..012

Half a burgage belonging to Jordan Fitzjohn,
extending in length from the king's highway
leading to Emly on the south, to Martyn's lake
on the north, and in breadth from the land of
Martin Bluet in the east to that of William le
Long in the west . . . . . . . . 0 10

One burgage belonging to Thomas le Wrey in
length from Hokytlack on the south to Martynys-
lake . . . . . . . . ..017

One burgage belonging to Agnes and William Benet,
in length from Fontislac on. the south, to the
road which leads to Artmachyllen on the north o 34
Tenement in Flemystret (Fleming Street) . . 02

Tenement in Water Street . . . . . . o 20

Tenement in Blapatstret (Blossom Street) . . 04

One burgage belonging to Adam Fitzjohn . . o 16

One burgage belonging to John le Grey . . 08

Amongst the Witnesses to this chart is that of
Nicholas Stoppil, Provost of the town.

The next document sets out the grant made by

l82 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Philip Fitzjohn Fitzthomas to the bishop and chapter
of 14 shilhngs the annual rent of certain tenements in
the town, viz. : —

One burgage of land called Folisland held by Adam s. d.
Fitzjohn . . . . . . . . ..68

The tenement of Sandyr le Harper in Water Street 0 20
The tenement of Thomas Smith in Water Street,
between the road which leads to SS. Peter and
Paul Church and the tenement of Sandyr le
Harper . . . . . . . . . . o 26

The tenement of William le Long in Flemyng Street 2 0
The tenement of Philip of the Mills . . . . 012

The tenement of William Mareschall in Flemyng

Street .. .. .. .. ..06

The following deed gives an account of the grant
made by William Ruffus to the bishop and chapter of
9s. Z^d., being the rent of certain property in Kilmallock,
viz- :— s. d.

The tenement of John Marche in Main Street . . 20
A burgage held by Henry Baiard, in length from
the king's highway which leads to Hakenys on
the south, to the great water of the new mill on
the north, and in breadth from the road which
leads to the new mill on the east, to the land of
Thomas Stope on the west . . . . ..20

Half a burgage held by Symon Fitzjohn in length
from the royal road which leads to Arroldishyl
on the south, to Martynislac on the north . . 0 23I
The tenement of Thomas Smith in Water Street . . o 20
Tenement of Adam Elys in Water Street . . 07

Half a burgage held by Adam White, in length
from Hokedlak on the south, to Martynslac on
the north . . . . . . ... ..013

The grant of 4,9. being an annual rent from property
in Kilmahock made by Thomas Stoke to the
bishop and chapter, viz. : —

THE ANGLO-NORMAN MANORS IN THE DIOCESE. 183

One tenement in St. John's Street held by Henry s. d.

Husse . . . . . . . . ..40

A grant to the Bishop and Chapter by Adam

Fitzjohn Fitzgeoffery of 20 pence silver being

the annual rent of the following :^
The tenement of Reginald© Pellipor in Blapastreit o 18
The tenement of Maurice Tesler in Blapastreit . . 02

It may be remarked that this grant was made in a
different year from the others, as it is witnessed by a
new provost, Alexander Elys.

The Manor of Anodes'^ (Athneasy).

I have not been able to find any document referring
to this manor earlier than the fifteenth year of Edward III
(1442), though it must have been amongst one of the
first settlements of the Norman in the east of the county,
as it lay near the highway between Waterford and the
city of Limerick.

From a deed of partition of the property of Sir John
Moulton of Egsimound, we learn that he held the manors
of Narloe (Aherlow), Anedes (Athneasy), Secdown,
and Kylker in Ireland. After his death these manors
were equally divided between his three sisters, namely,
Lady loan Fitzwalter, eldest sister and one of the
heiresses of Sir John, Sir Walter Bermingham and
Elizabeth his wife, another sister and heiress, Sir John
de Lucy and Margaret his wife, third sister and heiress.

The third part of the manor of Athneasy that was
assigned to Walter de Bermingham and his wife com-
prised the following places : A messuage in Dunmowny
wherein Henry Bratnoch (Walsh) dwells, together with
the moiety of Dunmowny ; 28 acres of arable land in
the field called Upper Coryn as appears by the metes
(boundaries) ; 4 acres near the said moiety of Dunmowny ;

1 Register of Gormanstown, p. iii, in the Press.

184 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

5i- acres in the field called the Halffesollond near the
king's highway there, on the north side of said highway
as appears by the metes ; i acre and i stang in the lower
part of said field next Bothirhagard ; 16 acres in the
field called Sanevalle near Distcoryn as appears by the
metes ; also 12 acres between the said Sanevalle and
the king's way, there called the Vode Vey, on the south
side of said highway ; 3 acres of escheated land which
belonged to Thomas Hamond in Hamondestown on
the west side of said field there ; 3 acres of Vuolff ages-
town, on the south side of said field there ; 3 acres of
Vuolffagestown and i acre of the demesnes of Anedes
there, near the dyche and the sketch on the north side
of the said mete of Wolffagestown as appears by the
metes ; 8 acres and i stang in Cnokanglasnear Rathynot,
and the pasture of Knockanglowyn on the east side
of said bog there, as appears by the metes ; 7 acres 3 stangs
(quarters) in the field called the " twenty acres " on the
west side of said field, and on the south side of the king's
highway of Ymlac (Emly) there, near an acre which is
now waste ; i| acres of meadow and several pasture
in Marlyngadynganestoun and Mayowestown as appears
by the medes ; 12 acres and 3 stangs in the field called
the Gyhynys which commence from the great meadow
there, and extend to Molanys and the Moche Choryde
near the metes of Hamonstown.

There was also assigned to said Walter and Elizabeth,
4 acres of meadow in the great meadow in the south side
thereof, near Hamoundestown.

Betaghs. — There is also assigned to Walter and
Elizabeth in their purparty, of their quarters of land in
Fynestown, with these betaghs Philip Offyin (Finn),
Alicia O'Golan with all their following, with all the
moors, meadows, feedings, pastures, hedges, and ditches,
to said quarters, there is also assigned to them a messuage
24 acres and 3 stangs of land in the ville of

THE ANGLO-NORMAN MANORS IN THE DIOCESE. 1 85

Deyerston, held as tenants b}^ Matilda Wydhyr and
John Wydhyr.

Free Tenants. — There is also assigned to Walter and
Elizabeth these free tenants, Gregory le Flemyng who
held 2 carucates in Ballygorman ; Alexander Cadigan
with his tenants who holds i carucate in Durontestown
and half a carucate in Dunmowny, Thomas Dullard
who holds i^ carucates in Scalystown ; Nicholas le Rede,
I carucate in Ballyfyn ; William Bagod and Ysmay
la Wytte (White) half carucate in Corbaly-daly and
I quarter in Vuolfagestown.

Peter Alayn, 6 acres in Dunmowny.

The tenants of Wolfagestown, viz. : John de
Justenlys, Henry Bratuagh, Roger Hamound, and WiUiam
Wolfog who hold onequarter of land in same ville, Nicholas,
son of Michael Mayow of Anedes, who holds one quarter
in Anedes ; Thomas and Bartholomew Cadigan who hold
I carucate of land of Martyncadyganestown ; William,
son of Maurice Vyttot, who holds half a carucate of
land in the Rath with all its tenements there.

Philip Browne half-quarter in Adamstown ; Maurice,
son of Wihiam Cadigan, i quarter in same ville.

Philip Flemyng, i carucate in Steuenstown ; Thomas
Ferman, i quarter in Ballygorman, with their homages,
scutages, woods, marriages, reliefs, escheats, suits, rent,
and other services whatsoever.

Cottages.— That are also assigned to Sir Walter and
Elizabeth these tenants of Anedes with their collages
and messuages, viz. : Jehana O'Rawcan, William Cloun,
Henry Kytte, John O'Hanekyn, Richard Brynagh,
Henry O'Mallo, Katerine Vittecot, Stephen Berkys, and
William Noly, junior, with all their rents, services, and
customs in the same town of Ahedes (Athnessy). To-
wards the close of this century this part of the manor
passed out of the Bermingham family again.

I 86 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

The Manor of Esclon or Eschlnana.

This manor is first mentioned in connection with a
grant of land called Lesnanermadda, two carucates,
and the small townland of Clelcomgi, made by William
ds Burgh, lord of the soil, to Donat or Donagh, bishop
of the diocese. The deed conveying this donation is
undated, but must have been sometime between 1200,
as that was the year Donat is supposed to have become
Bishop of Limerick, and 1204 as that was the year
William died.

There is a place name called Lisdermode mentioned
in the boundaries of the city, and located between Tirvoe
east and Tirvoe west. The similarity between itself
and Lesnanermadda is very striking, and judging from
the succession of forms that the names of townlands
have assumed, as has been already pointed out, it would
seem that these are only different forms of the same
word. The next reference to it occurs in the year 1243,
when the sheriff of Munster valued the manors of Richard
son of William de Burgh, Esclon was found to be worth
£37 IIS. 61^., and that of Castle Conign (Connell)
£57 los. /\hd., though no particulars are given that
would help one to form an idea of their extent.

Walter de Burgh, son of Richard, married Emelina,
daughter of Hugh de Lacy, Earl of Ulster, and through
this alliance succeeded in obtaining the title of her
father.

In the year 1280, the king issued a command to the
Bishop of Waterford, lieutenant to the justiciary, that
Richard, son and heir to Walter, formerly Earl of Ulster,
should get possession of the castle, lands, and tenements
of Esclone, formerly held by Emelina, Countess of
Ulster, which after her death passed into the king's
hands by reason of Richard's custody.

THE ANGLO-NORMAN MANORS IN THE DIOCESE. 187

Clarani (Clarina), Esclon, and Newtown are metioned
in the Ripe Rolls of the year 1283, and we find one of
the tenants, John Serle, paying £4 for " visne released "
in the year 1286.

1290. Richard de Burgh received certain lands in
the east of the county from Sir Otho Grandison, on
condition that he would pay a certain rent annually
for them, and in case he failed to comply with the terms
of the agreement, Sir Otho was at liberty to seize the
manor of Esclon and other lands which Richard gave
as security. In the beginning of the next century the
name is used as attached to the principal church of the
district which appears to have been supplanted by
Kilkeedy after the year 1418, as both names were applied
to the same church in that year. In the beginning of
the fifteenth century, when O'Brien crossed the Shannon
and seized the territory, it received the name of Bubble
Brien, which it still retains.

There are other portions of the country part of the
diocese that are not given in these manors. Most of
such lands were included in the bishop's manors, and
in the property of the religious houses, and which will
be given later on.

Ifourteentb Century;

CHAPTER XI.

THE ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE.

Robert Dundonald (1302-1311).

In 1302, Maurice Fitzmaurice 1 and Arnold de Brudens,
canons of the cathedral, were despatched to England
by the dean and chapter, to inform the king of Gerald's
death, and to obtain licence to elect a successor.

When the necessary letters of permission arrived,
Luke the dean, and chapter, selected Robert Dundonald,
a member of their own body, as " a man, devout, fit to
rule their church, useful to the king and to Ireland, and
in their judgment, faithful as Bishop of Limerick."

There is only one document in the Black Book, and
that of little importance, relating to his incumbency.
But there are extant, two returns of a tax, that was
levied off the diocese, in the years 1302 2 and 1306, which
give a very full list of the churches and their value.

In 1 188, a general law was made by the kings of
France and England, in their respective kingdoms,
imposing a tax on their subjects of one-tenth of their
movables and annual income, for the reUef of the Holy
Land. As years went by this impost was limited to the
clergy.

There is mention in a general way of such a tax
being imposed on the Irish clergy, early in the previous
century, and is occasionally referred to in the State

1 See CD./.

2 See Introduction, pp. x.-xiii., Reeves Ecc. Autiqitities of Down,
where the reason for fixing these dates is given.

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 189

papers of that period. But until the year 1302, there
is no specific reference to its details.

In this return, the rent and revenue of the bishop
are given as a certain sum, without any reference to the
source from which they are derived. The same may be
said regarding the income of the members of the chapter,
as we know from documents already quoted, that they
had many churches which are not mentioned here, but
whose value is included under the general heading,
rent and revenue, in a bulk sum. This explains why
there is a greater number of churches in the return
of 1306, than in that of 1302.

From these lists we learn that the diocese was divided
into deaneries, an arrangement which must have taken
place early in the previous century, though there is no
record of the event.

In giving these hsts, the modern names of the churches
will be given in brackets, and it may be observed, that the
old spelhng is very corrupt," as the names were evidently
written down by one imperfectly acquainted with the
Irish language.

The Taxation of the Diocese of Limerick ^ in 1302.

£ s. d. £ s. d.

Rent and revenue of the bishop, value. tenth.

in all things . . 163 3 ii|^ 16 6 4J
Tax of the prebendal churches

with vicarages , . — —

Dean, rent and revenue . , 34 2 8 383

Vicarage of Brunrry (Bruree) 568 o 10 8

Vicarge of Mungaria (Mungretj 100 —

Vicarage of Kylmaclou (Cappa) 068 —
Precentor's churches, in all

things . . 14 16 7i I 10 yl

1 See S.C.D.I., 1302.

IQO DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Vicarage Kylf ychny(Kilfinny)
Vicarage of Sengel (Singland) . .
Chancellor's churches
Vicarage of Clonhener (Clonshire)
Vicarage of Kylscanyl (Kils-

cannell)
Vicarage of Clonach (Clonagh)
Taxation of the Treasuryship in

all things
Imlathdreyny (Emlygrennan)^. .
Taxation of the churches of the
Archdeaconry in all things . .
Kydyme (Kildimo)
Tulachbrek (Tullabracky)
Croch (Croagh)

Vicarage of the same prebend . .
Effyng (Effin)

Vicarage of the sameprebend . .
KyllydJ(Killeedy)
Prebend of Kylmonyn in all

things (St. Munchin's) .. 6 13 5 o 13 4

Vicarage of the same and portion

of Kilrus (Kilrush) . . 166 —

Vicarage de Kilkoan (Kilquane) i i 6i —

Prebend de Arctacny (Ardcanny) 520 0 10 2^

Prebend of Ballycathan (Bally-

cahane) . . 368 068

Donenachmor (Donaghmore) \

Kyleyl (Killeely) > 5 6 8 0 10 8

Portion of Ardpatnck (Ard- ( -^

Patrick) . . )

Church of Diserto(Dysert) .=. 2 13 4 054

Portion of Kylbecan (Kilpeacon) \
Portion of Kylcomyn (Kilquane Vqi68 O" 8

in Efhn) ' • i ^

Portion of Kyllynt (Kilfintanan) *
Taxation of the churches be-
longing to the Communia .. 35 2 2 3 10 2 J

£ s.

d.

£ s.

d.

I 0

0

—

1 15

61

0 3

6i

27 8

0

2 14

9h

0 II

n

no tenth

of

im. i
4 ^

these

0 13

24 0

0

2 8

0

2 0

0

0 4

0

28 II

6

2 17

i|

3 6

8

0 6

8

7 14

4

0 15

5

6 0

2*

0 12

oi

3 0

0

0 6

0

4 13

4

0 9

4

2 13

4

5 4

0

3 6

8

0 6

8

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. IQI

Taxation of the religious houses in the diocese, to wit : —

Of the houses of Magio (Manis- £ s. d. £ s. d.

teranenagh) .. 60 14 4 606

St. Catherine in O'Conyl (near

Shanagolden) .. 204 o 4 i|

St. Maryof Rathgel (Rathkeale) 200 040

St. James of Adare (Trinitarian

house) .. 200 040

St. Mary of Limerick, nothing

because poor . . — —

Deanery of Limerick.

Church of St. John of Limerick

I

0 0

—

Church of Fedemere (Fedamore)

4

0 0

0

8

0

Vicarage of same

2

0 0

0

4

0

Ballyoweyn (Kilcaskin)

2

0 0

0

4

0

Vicarage of same

2

0 0

0

4

0

Church of Cretouch (Crecora) for

vicars portion

I

6 8

—

Kylmthurrok (Kilmurry),

4w.

10

0

5

5

Vicarage of the same, . . . .

2m.

4 5

0

3

li

Church of Escluen (Kilkeedy) . .

8;;z.

0

10

8

Vicarage of the same

^m.

0

5

4

Deriganan (Derrygalvin)

im.

—

Deanery of Killocia (Kilmallock).

Church of Kylmahallok (Kil-
mallock)

Vicarage of same

Vicarage of Kylcowan (Kil-
quane)

Church of Glynogre (Glenogra)

Vicarage of same

Kylbryd Minor (Kilbreedy)

Vicarage of same

2

oin.

2m.

10m.

im.

I

I

6i-

—

;o

0

0

I

0 0

5

0

0

0

10 0

2

0

0

0

4 0

I

0

0

—

192

DIOCESE OF LIMERICK

Church of Dromyn Claryn

i

s. d.

£ s.

d.

(Dromin), in its entirety

20

0 0

2 0

0

Church of Ballygady (BalHn.

gaddy)

10

0 0

I 0

0

Vicarage of same

2

0 0

0 4

0

Church of Evergarr (Uregare) . .

12

13 4

I 5

4

Vicarage of same

4

0 0

0 8

0

Chapel of Uirgedi annexed to

the same

7;n.

0 9

4

Church of Anedes ( Athneasy) . .

i2;n.

0 16

0

Vicarage of same

6m.

0 8

0

Kylbrid Major (Kilbreedy)

5m.

0 6

8

Vicarage of same

5m.

0 6

8

Church of Ardpatrick

4i;«.

0 6

0

Vicarage of same

5M.

0 6

8

Church of Kylf yuan (Kilfinnane)

8 m.

0 10

8

Deruly (Darragh)

6m.

0 8

0

Vicarage of the same

3m.

0 4

0

Martin's chapel ( Ardkilmartin)

6m.

0 8

0

Bally tankard (Tankardstown) . .

6m.

0 8

0

Vicarage of the same

3m.

0 4

0

Church of Cloncorth (Colman's

Well)

I

0 0

—

Church of Kyllyne (Kilflyn) . .

I

0 4

—

Aylethach (Athlacca)

28m.

I 17

4

The Deanery of Ardagh,

The church of New Grange

taxed at
Rathcathel (Rathcahill)
Kyllaylachan (Killilagh)
Newcastle (Newcastle West)
Chapel Maurice (Rathronan)
Vicarage of same
Kyllalechan (Killagholehan)

9m.

0 12

0

5m.

0 6

8

10 0

—

^m.

0 5

4

2m. 0 5|

im. 2 2j

4m.

0 5

4

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE.

193

The Deanery of Garthe {Ballingarry).

i s. d.

£

s.

d.

The church of Clonyle (Clonelty)

6m.

0

8

0

The church of Garth with

chapels

2ghn

I

19

4

Vicarage of same,

10m. 3 4

0

13

8

Moycavenach (Mahoonagh) . .

4W.

0

5

4

Vicarage of same

2;n.

0

0

3

Deanery of Rathkeale.

Ynyskefty (Askeaton)

1 6 m.

I

I

4

Vicarage of same

8w.

0

10

8

Dunmolyan (Dunmoylan)

2m. 8 loh

0

3

6

Vicarage of same

im. 4 5i-

0

3

4

Kylbraderan (Kilbradran)

2m.

0

2

8

Vicarage of same

im.

—

Chapel of Robert Guer (Roberts-

town)

2m.

0

2

8

Vicarage of same

im.

—

Church of the Castle of Robert

de Dundonenyld for the rec-

tor and vicar (Doondonnell)

100

—

Kycolman inferior (Kilcoleman

West)

100

0

2

0

Vicarage of the same

0 10 0

—

Church of Kylsmattyre (Lis-

makeery)

5m.

0

6

8

Vicarage of the same

I 10 0

—

The Deanery of Adare.

Church of Clonany (Cloonana) . . 2m.

Vicarage of the same • • ini.

Church of Athnyde (Anhid) .. 6w.
Dunkepchy (Dunkip) belonging

to the church of Cromych

(Croom) • • I 10 0

030
o

DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

i ^- cl.
aan) . . 8m.

i s. d
0 10 8

194

Kilcurnan (Kilcornan)
Moynhinyn (Mornane ? in same

parish of Kilcornan . . J\m. 054

The church of Adare with the

chapels of Kylkyrely (Kil-

curly) and Castle Robert, . . iim. 4 5| 015 i^

excepting 10 marks of annual

and free rent which the

Hospitallers have in said

Church.
Vicarage of the same . . 5m, 8 io| —

excepting 4 marks of annual

rent which the Hospitallers

have in said church.
Church of Cromnich (Croom) .. 28«i. i 17 6

Vicarage of same . . 14W. 0 18 8

Taxation of 1306.

The goods, spiritual and tem-
poral, of the Bishop .. 94 17 ^\ 9 9 92

Communia. The church of St.
Mary of Limerick for the
stipend of vicars there ad-
ministering . . — —

Deanery of Limerick.

The church of St. John of

Limerick
Church of Fedm' (Fedamore) .
Vicar of the same ville
The chapel of Baliowyn (Kil-

caskin) for the rector and

vicar . . 2 0 (

The church of Kilmehorok for

rector and vicar (Kilmurry) .. 50c
The church of Karnathie for

rector (Cahernarry) . . 8m

0 0

0 2

8w.

0 10

4m.

0 5

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 195

i

s. d.

i

s. d.

Sengle (Singland)

I

0 0

0

2 0

Dounaghmore (Donaghmore) . .

3m.

0

4 0

Kilmo'tan (St. Munchin's)

0

10 0

0

0 I2d

Kilkid (Kilkeedy) for rector

and vicar

5

0 0

0

ID 0

Dalgarvan (Derrygalvin) for

rector and victor

3m.

0

4 0

The church of St. Michael for

rector

I

0 0

0

2 0

Kilbegan (Kilpeacon) with ap-

purtenances

2

0 0

0

4 0

Crenachmahill (Knocknagaul) . .

$m.

^m.

Crecowere (Crecora)

5w.

\m.

Manugaria (Mungret)

8m.

0

10 8

Catherbaghlach (Cahervally) . .

5m.

\m.

Kilheil (Killeely)

I

0 0

0

2 0

Kilhyntena (Kilfintinan)

I

0 0

0

2 0

Kilcohan (Kilquane)

0

10 0

0

I 0

Church of St. Nicholas of

Limerick

—

—

Kilrussce (Kilrush)

—

—

Sum of taxation

148

10 loi

—

Tenth

14 17 li proved.

Deanery of Killmallock.

The church of St. Mary,i Killoc

(Kilmallock), belongs to the

maintenance of 12 vicars of

the cathedral church . . — —

Portion of the vicarage of the

sameville •• 500 o 10 0

The church of Kilbride (Kil-

breedy) minor for the rector 168 028

1 This should evidently run as follows. The church of Kilmallock
belongs to St. Mary's Cathedral for the maintenance of twelve vicars.
As we shall see later on, the rectorship of SS. Peter and Paul's
parish, which is Kilmallock, belonged to the chapter of the cathedral.

196 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

£ s. d. £ s. d.

For the vicar of same ,. 0 13 4 014

The church of Kilcolyan (Kil-

quane) . . 3;». 040

The church of GHnogre (GHn-

ogra) for rector
For vicar of same
Dromyn Icherolyn (Dromin) . .
Bahgadi (Ballingaddy)
The vicar of same
De Inygari (Uregare)
Kilbride (Kilbreedy) Major
For vicar of same
Darmeto (Darragh)
Vicar of same

Bahtancard (Tankardstown) . .
Church of Killyn (Kilflyin)
Athlech (Athlacca)
Tholaghbreg (Tullabracky)
Kilfennan (Kilfinnane)
Effyng (Efan)

Imelachdreyn (Emlygrennan)
Athnedessce (Athneasy)
Brumy (Bruree)
BaHseward (Howardstown)
Ardpatrick with appurtenances

Deanery of Garthe {BalUngany).

Garthe (BalHngarry) .. 10 0 0

The churches of Korkemayde . . —

Motasinagh (Mahoonagh) Moy-

althi (Kilmeedy ?) . . —

Clonka (Cloncagh) Drumcolthill

(Dromcollogher) . . —

Cloncrewe (Cloncrew) Clonelthy

(Clonelty) are all destroyed

by the war . . —

Sni.

hn.

yn.

0

4 0

10

0 0

I

0 0

10

0 0

I

0 0

2

0 0

0

4 0

12m.

0

16 0

4m.

0

5 4

4m.

0

5 4

4m.

0

5 4

4m.

0

5 4

4m.

0

5 4

I

0 0

0

I 0

I07H.

0

13 4

10

0 0

I

0 0

5w.

hn.

10m.

0

13 4

6in.

0

8 0

10

0 0

I

0 0

12m.

0

16 0

5m.

hn.

io;».

0

13 4

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. I97

I 5. d.

£

s.

d.

Church of Kilnefichny (Kilfinny)

400

0

8

0

Church of Kilmaclou (Cappagh)

100

0

2

0

Clonchevre (Clonshire)

100

0

2

0

Crothewe (Croagh)

lom.

0

13

4

BaUsahel (unknown) because

burned down

—

—

Sum of taxation

22 13 4

—

Proved

250

—

Deanery of Raihgel {Rathkeale).

The church of Rathgel (Rath-
keale) . . i2;«. 0 16 o
Kilcolman Superior (near

Knockaderry)
Kilscanyl (Killscannell)
Clonagh (Clonagh)
The church of Castle Robert of

Dondownyl
Kilcolma (west) inferior
Kilbradan (Kilbradran)
Donmelyn (Dunmoylan)
Kilmolan (Kilmoylan)
Schengole (Shanagolden)
The churches of Lanwhull

(Loughill) Kilfarwes (Kil-

fergus), Kilmorill (Kilmur-

rilly) are destroyed by war.
The church of Castle Robert

Goer (Robertstown)
The church of Disertmardun

(Morgans)
Arundel (Toomdeely)
Lismaceyre (Lismakeery)
Ineskestyn (Askeaton)

6m.

0

8 0

4m.

0

5 4

3w.

0

4 0

0 0

0

2 0

2;«.

0

2 8

4ni.

0

5 4

Vn.

0

4 0

Snu

i;n.

SM.

km.

0 0 .

0

I

0

2m.

0

2

8

3w.

0

4

0

12m.

0

16

0

igS

DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

The monastery of the Prioress

£ 3. d

£ s. a

of O'Conyl does not suffice

for the maintenance of the

Prioress and convent.

The church of Nantenan

500

0 ic 0

Sum of taxation

48 3 4

—

Tenth

4 16 4

—

The Deanery

of Ardagh.

The church of Ardagh

Churches of New Grange
(Grange), New Castle, (New-
castle West), Rathkatell
(Monagay), and Killolethan
(Killagholeghan), destroyed
by war

Chapel of Maurice (Rathronan)

The church of Killid (Killeedy),
the chapels de Monte Maledic-
tionis (the mountain of the
curse, Tournafulla), Kilhat-
hlage (Killilagh) and Feel
destroyed by war.

Sum of taxation

Tenth proved

0 16 o

9 o
0 18

Deanery of Adarc

The church of Adare with its

appurtenances
Killonwyn (Killonahan)
Ballycathan (Ballycahane)
Athnyd (Anihid)
Disert (Dysert)
Mouryn

Ardcathny (Ardcanny)
Kilcurnan (Kilcornan)
Kildyme (Kildimo)

T-om.

im

2m.

0

2 8

yn.

0

4 0

2

0 0

0

4 0

2

0 0

0

4 0

2

0 0

0

4 0

5m.

0

6 8

4

0 0

0

8 0

10

0 0

I

0 0

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. I99

£ s- ^•

£ s. d.

Jurisdiction of the Archdeacon

4;;/.

054

The church of Cromethe (Croom)

10 0 0

100

Sum of taxation

46 0 0

—

Tenth proved

4 12 0

—

Sum total of taxation of diocese

391 14 2h

—

Tenth

39 3 5*

—

These lists give a graphic picture of the state of the
diocese in the early years of the fourteenth century.
In comparing them, one cannot fail to notice the great
change that took place in the value of some of the
churches, in the space of four years. Some that were
rich and flourishing in the return of 1302, were burned
down and valueless in 1306. The reason assigned for
this sad change is, " the war," though it is unrecorded
by any of our annalists.

The disturbed state of societ3% and the havoc it
wrought on the ecclesiastical property of the diocese,
must have embittered the closing years of Robert's
episcopacy. He died in the year 1311, and was interred
in the Cathedral.

Eustace de Aqua {or Waters) 1311-1336.

Immediately after Robert's demise, Master Laurence
and Thomas de Maggio,i canons of the cathedral, were
sent to England with the news, and to obtain licence
from the king to proceed with the election of a bishop.

The weather being very stormy, the messengers were
unduly detained. In the meantime, the chapter pro-
ceeded to elect Eustace the dean. Though the election
was informal, the king confirmed it, and granted pardon
to Eustace and the chapter, for any penalty they may
have incurred for such an illegal proceeding.

J See Patent Rolls (English State Paper Series)*

200 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

There are only two documents in the Black Book
relating to his episcopacy, one refers to an arrangement
regarding procuration fees, and the other informs us
that Henry Fitzdavid Eytchyi quitclaimed to the bishop,
a messuage and half a carucate of land in TuUaghbreg
(Tuhabracky). He is said to have been a great bene-
factor to the cathedral. He died 1337.

Maurice Rochfort (1337-1353)-

Maurice was elected by the dean and chapter, and
confirmed by the Archbishop of Cashel.

This is the first instance in the diocese, since the
coming of the Anglo-Normans, that the king was not
notified of the vacancy, or licence asked for the election
of a bishop, for which, the chapter incurred the fine
of 100S.2 The king, however, confirmed the election,
and gave orders to John Darcy, the Justiciary, to restore
the temporalities of the diocese to Maurice.

In the year 1346,^ a Parliament assembled at Kilkenny,
and passed an act giving the king a subsidy, to meet
the exigencies of the State. Ralph Kelly, Archbishop
of Cashel, held a meeting of his suffragans, at which
they formulated a decree against the levying of this
tax in Munster, and enforced its observance by sentence
of excommunication against all who would subscribe
to it.

In the following year Maurice was indited for taking
part in this meeting, and found guilty. This unfriendli-
ness to the Government did not last long, as we find him
in 1351 acting as deputy to Sir John Rokeby, Justice
of Ireland. He died in the year 1353. According to

i See p. 130, B.B.L.

2 Patent Rolls.

^ See Ware's Bishops of Limerick.

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 201

the annals of Nenagh, " he was a man of good Ufe and
honest conversation."

A rental of the episcopal manors of the diocese,
which was made during the incumbency of Maurice, is
preserved in the Black Book. This document gives a
very full and interesting account of the manors held
by the Bishops of Limerick, as temporal lords. They
were Mungret^i Kilmallock, Cluainchen, (Clonshire),
Ardagh, and Leamkail (Loughill)

The Manor of Mungret.

The manor of Mungret comprised the lands that were
granted to Brictius by Donald O'Brien, the lands of
Lesnanermodda, etc., granted to Donat by WilUam de
Burgo, and the ten carucates of O'Mail granted to
Edmund.

These manors, hke those of the temporal lords beiore
referred to, were composed of Betagii and Free Tenants.
From this return we may conclude that there was no
marked change in the tenure of land, but was the same
as that established at the formation of the secular manors.

O'Dewayn held the viUe of Waving in the western part
of the manor. The name is still preserved in the town-
land of Ballyduane. O'Cugnan had the townland of
Yerynan which was beside Ballyduane, but now the name
is obsolete. O'Molcassyl held the townland of Ymol-
cassill now known as Ballymacashel.

There were four Betagii occupying lands that
extended from the castle of the manor to Ballycomy
<Ballycummin), and to Clothdown, and their names were
O'Carthany, O'Coggan, O'Helyle, O'Connynk.

B.B.L., pp. 138-40.

202 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

The lands of the free tenants : — £ s. d,

Rathgrallayn . . . . . . . . o 13 4

Killarog or Kiltroge was beside Lickadoon. In
Elizabeth's reign it consisted of 2 quarters, and
formed with Lickadoon and Boherenlloyd (Boher-
load)thetuathofO'Ryle .. .. .. —

Kilros beyond the Shannon (now Kilrush, North

Circular Road) . . . , . . . . —

Thomas de Valle (Wall), Crewmaille (now Bally-

clough and surrounding locality) . . . . —

Gerald de Rupe (Roche) . . . . . . i 10 o

Matthew Fitzroger . . . . . . ..026

Henry Buckley, Ballycathran . . . . —

Killynatan . . . . . . . . —

Moneychard or Monetyr . . . . . . —

Galf de Coke of Dubcarryg or Clothcohy (Clogh-

tokie ?) . . . . . . . . —

Richard Keyting of Ville Keyting (Cloghkeating) —

Island Bovavy . . . . . . . . —

Arcathny (Ardcanny) . . . . . • —

Ballymolduin (Milltown) . . . . . . —

Galfridus Crennach . . . . . . . . —

A quarter belonging to John Keating . . —

The Lordships of the manor. Betagii and tene-
ment of bg*gan . . . . . . . . —

John Scoles . . . . . . . . —

The tenement of Carrestown . . . . —

The tenement of Ballymolcessil , . . . —

William O'Crynan, Crynanstown . . . . —

The same William had another holding — —

John O'Dewayn . . . . . . . . —

The same John, 2 acres in the Lordship . . —

Thomas Cesynan

Philip O'Lernyn

John Croyng

Nicholas O' Conor

De Naccis

Total Rent of Manor

£

S.

d.

II

7

4

2

9

0

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 203

The Manor of Kilmallock.

Of burgage of the town

For the farm they were bound to pay . .

But now they pay only i lb. of peper, nor is it
known how much was the first rent put upon
them, or how they became exonerated from it.
Ballymolynnan . . . . . . ..400

Censur . . . . . . —

The bakehouse (De Fornag) . . . . . . 0 16 0

The Disert of Ballyhowregan . . . . 244

Ballytorken . , . . . . ..070

Lysconmoylan . , . . . . . . —

Total rent of Manor . . . . . . 21 12 4

Cluainchen {Clonshire).

This manor was situated between Adare and Croagh ;
many of the townlands mentioned as belonging to it
were detached, and some of them, such as Cloncagh,
many miles distant.

Kilnafygny (Kilhnny)

Courtestown

Ballygailroyth, having Richard Serve as free

tenant
Torgr

Richard Mayawe of Hercestown
Richard Mayawe of Ypholistown
Ballymaclothy alias Stonetown
John Fitzdavid, Nagailsyrnadhi
John Fitzdavid, Polynestown, 11 marks
Bothuston

The church villa there
Sum total '
De Cowlban
Richard Sexton, Kylstannyl (Kilscannell)

/

s.

d.

6

13

4

0

10

0

0

13

4

0

13

0

0

10

0

0

10

0

I

5

0

0

3

4

0

10

0

0

6

0

0

6

0

6

13

4

3

6

8

I

0

0

204 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

£ s.

d.

Clouncath (Cloncagh)

0 II

4

Rathnaser

0 6

0

Craag alias Deanstown

0 10

0

Kappagho Kylm'Cluana (Kappagh)

I 13

4

Burgess of Cluainchen (Clonshire)

I 5

0

The lordship of Cluainbull

I I

8

Geriag y gussain

0 6

8

Cluaincath (Cloncagh)

2 15

10

William, clericus, 9 acres in Drohidt

arsna

(Drehidtarsna)

0 9

0

Thomas, clericus, 4 acres in the same townland

0 9

0

Rathandayn

0 12

0

Lisrona

0 13

0

Gurtinabugna and Curtinamoleyn beside

Clon-

shire

0 2

0

Heyestown

0 6

8

Cluaincrema (Cloncrew)

2 0

0

Sum total

23 10

8

020

The Manor of Ardagh.

Of burgage there . . . . . . .,300

Kyllachtyn (Killoghteen) to the south west of

Newcastle West . . . . . . ..400

Drumdyl (Toomdeely) . . . . . . 189

Rynheachogy, near Toomdeely . . . . 054

Ceag na Saer, near Toomdeely . . . . 050

Gortyn-Clochan, near Toomdeely

Dissert Margeori (Morgans) . . . . i 10

The Manor of Leamkail {Loughill).
The lands of the free tenants : —

Lacony alias Gaill Natragha . . . . 016
Ballydowonyll and Ballyscanlan (these townlands

were beside the present Ballynash) . . . . 07

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE.

205

£ 5.

d.

Keapagh y Dalygh (now

Kappagh near Foynes)

I 0

0

Knockbalytorsna alias Cnoknabualy (Knockna-

booly)

. .

I 0

0

Cruad Tuaskyst

..

0 I

0

Kylmoenog

—

Tradue alias Rous . .

. .

0 13

4

The land of Rous . .

. .

0 13

4

Kylsnykytt

..

0 5

0

The lordships and

Betagii there : —

Lisryada (Lisready) . .

. .

I 3

4

Cond O'Kyarayin (the h

md of)

I 0

0

Kailtyry (Kilteery) ..

. .

0 19

0

Island Ouynery

. •

0 I

0

De quatio Boan et . .

..

0 15

0

De usdm p operibus

. .

0 2

6

Bally-n-montin and Gorl

. yn Clohan, parts of the

Church of Loughill

. •

0 13

0

Kylfeargassa (Glin) . .

. .

0 8

0

Ballyhuallachan (Ballyhoolahan)

0 3

4

Kylmuryile (Kilmrrily)

..

0 ^5

0

Crynog . . • • . . . . —

Leacherdaid and Culach in Byn Byr . . —

The fishery of Ardymbgr . . , . . . —

The lordships of Drumilyn (Drumoylan) . . —

Surolayn (Sroolane, Robertstown parish) . , —

Loughill . . . . . . . . —

Alysbokan in Knockpatrick , . . . —

Of burgage of Seanguala (Shanagolden) paid

annually . . . . . . ••500

The principal names of Burgesses were : —
Maurice Chathmarciadh, Gibbon deValle (Wall),
Alan O'Kaellagy, Henry Connaght, Thomas
Cynachtach, Juhus Tonchyn, John Moyan, etc.

This manor would be substantially co-extensive
with the present parish of Loughill and some of the

206 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

outlying districts. The castle ^ of the manor formerly
stood near the shore, but was pulled down by a local
gentleman who built a garden wall of the materials.

Stephen Lawless (i353-i359)-

Stephen Lawless was chancellor of the diocese in the
year 1342,2 when he was provided with a canonry in
the diocese of Dublin, holding at the same time, benefices
in the dioceses of Cashel, Cloyne, Lismore, and Cork,
but receiving no income from them. In 1346 ^ he received
an Indult from Rome, granting him the power to visit
the churches and monasteries of the diocese by deputy,
and receive the procuration fees.

On the death of Maurice,* he was elected bishop by
the chapter, but the election was found to be informal
as it was not carried out according to the instructions
received from Rome in the life-time of the preceding
bishop. Innocent VI, however, considering his high
moral character and great learning, was pleased to
confirm the election. During his episcopacy the follow-
ing appointments were made in the diocese by Papal
provision.

1352.^ On the death of Thomas de Corkebay his
prebend was given to John Gate.

1358. Stephen de Walle, on the death of Thomas
de Worele or Berkele, was appointed dean.

1358. David Banconte or Bancontre, was appointed
archdeacon.

1358. Walter Godheyn (Goodwin), was appointed
treasurer, on the death of Ade Hunt.

1359. PhiUp Brayboroke was appointed precentor,

1 See Lewis Topog.Dict.

« Bliss, Calendar of Papal Registers.

3 Ibid.

* Thciner, year 1353-

s Ibid., p. 337 and following for these appointments.

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 20/

an office that was unlawfully detained with the church
of Nantenan by Adam Craddoke, for three years.
Stephen died on Innocents Day, 1359.

Stephen de Valle {Wall) (1360-1369).

Stephen de Wall, deani of the diocese, summoned
the chapter to elect a bishop, according to the provisions
of Canon law. The chapter was divided as to their
selection. The majority supported Stephen, the dean,
who was only twenty-eight years of age, but of brilliant
parts and blameless life. The minority supported
Henry White, a canon of the cathedral, and without any
definite decision being arrived at, the whole matter was
referred to Rome.

The Pope ordered an inquiry to be made into the
matter, with the result that Stephen was appointed
bishop, and the spiritualities and temporalities of the
diocese conferred upon him. In 1357 he was appointed
to the canonery of Dysert, and on the death of Thomas
de Worlle or Berkele, was appointed dean as we have
already seen. During his time as bishop there are
some Papal returns extant, which throw some light in
filling the vacancies in the diocese.

1360. When 2 Stephen was appointed bishop, Henry
White was made dean, but having died the same year,
Ade White was advanced to the office.

1361. Bartholomew Dullard was appointed chancellor.

1362. John Meradam was appointed to the prebend
of Dysert, on the death of Stephen Germone.

The same year, Gerard Lawless, priest of the diocese
was advanced to the treasurership, on the death of Ade
Hunt.

1 Theiner, p. 316, for these appointments.

2 Ibid., p. 339.

2o8 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

1363. The perpetual vicarage of the parochial church
of Kilkeedy became vacant by the death of Thomas,
late vicar, and the Holy See appointed Thomas de Burgo,
priest of the diocese of Emly, to it.

Phihp de Wall, priest of the diocese, was made arch-
deacon of Ardfert. David Gower, priest of the diocese,
was advanced to the prebend of Kyapowlere Malone in
the diocese of Cork. Richard de WalP of Cork, was
appointed treasurer of Limerick on the death of Robert
Godwyn.

While Bishop of Limerick, Stephen translated the
remains of the great Richard Fitzralph, from Avignon,
where he died, to Dundalk, his birthplace, and had them
deposited in the parish church of that town.

In 1367 he was transferred from the diocese of
Limerick to Meath. Afterwards he became lord high
treasurer of Ireland, an office he held until the time of
his death, which took place at Oxford in the year 1379,
and in the forty-seventh year of his age, when most
men are only beginning their pubhc career. He was
interred in the Dominican monastery of that town.

Peter Curiath {Curragh or Creagh) (1369-1400).

Peter Curiath 2 or Creagh, a canon of the diocese of
Ferns, and according to Ware a native of Dublin, was
appointed to the See of Limerick by Papal provision.
Shortly after his arrival in the city, he became involved
in a dispute with the Franciscan fathers, who appealed
against his treatment of them to their protector, Philip
Torrington, Archbishop of Cashel.

The Archbishop as conservator of the privileges of
the Franciscans in Ireland, came to Limerick to in-

1 Ware's Bishops of Limerick.

2 See Theiner, year 1 369

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 209'

vestigate the matter in dispute.' On his arrival, he
cited the bishop to appear and answer the charges
brought against him. Instead of paying any deference
to the citation of the Archbishop, Peter laid violent
hands upon him, and ordered him to quit his diocese
immediately, lest somethhig worse should befall him
and his attendants. After this encounter with the
Archbishop, he imposed more serious restrictions still
on the Franciscans, and excommunicated all within
his jurisdiction who should repair for divine service or
burial ceremonies within their church.

When the Archbishop, according to custom, came tO'
Limerick to preach, the bishop ordered a pubhc pro-
clamation to be made, that no person under pain of
excommunication should hear the Archbishop's sermon,
and excommunicated by name, any who attended it.
When the Archbishop left the city, he was pursued by
the servants of the bishop, wlio laid violent hands upon
and forced the bridle off his horse's head.

In 1376, this dispute was referred to Simon Sudbury,
Archbishop of Canterbury, by the Pope, who gave him
authority to enquire into the conduct of Peter, and if
he found the allegations true, to pronounce the bishop'
and his accomplices excommunicated. He took away
all power of appeal until ample satisfaction was made
to the Archbishop of ^Cashel, and that Peter and ac-
complices should come to the Holy See for absolution.

How this dispute finally terminated is unknown.
But it must not have lowered Peter much in the
estimation of his superiors, as he was appointed the
following year, with the Abbot of O'Madio 2 (Maggio
Monasternenagh), in the diocese of Limerick, by the
Holy See to enquire into, and if necessary, to punish

1 See Appendix for original document.

2 Theiner, p. 358.

210 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

with censures, certain infringements on the hberties of
the church of Emly.

He seems to have quarrelled also with the Irish
portion of his subjects, and became so obnoxious, that
they were forced to imprison him, as we learn from the
following document : —

Peter,' Bishop of Limerick, having been taken prisoner
by the Irish enemy (1394) is now on payment of 10 marks
to the king (Richard II), exonerated from the fine of roo
marks imposed on him for his absence from Parhament of
the thirteenth year of this reign (rsgo).

He resigned the bishopric in the year 1400, and died
in the year 1407, seized in fee of the lands of Curragh,2
leaving Matilda Curragh his heir.

The following interesting details as to the appoint-
ments to benefices in the diocese during his episcopacy,
have come down to us : —

1382. Hugh de Cotyngham,^ prebendary of Efhn, in
the cathedral of Limerick, sta3nng at the time in England,
was granted letters nominating Walter de Brugge and
Thomas Everdon, clerks, as his attornies in Ireland for
two years.

The same year Hugh was appointed treasurer and
secretary to the queen, and received licence to absent
himself from his lands in Ireland, as long as he remained
in the service of the king and queen, notwithstanding
the late ordinances in Parliament.

The above Thomas Everdon,* in the year 1392, was
appointed to the prebend of Effin, with all its rights
and profits, which was void and belonged to the gift of
the king, probably owing to the minority of the patron.

1 See Lynch, View of Legal Institutions and Feudal Baronies, p. 64.

2 Calendar of Mem. Rolls, vol. iig

3 Patent Rolls, English State Paper Series.

4 Irish Council Book of Richard II, 1393-94 (Rolls Series).

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 211

1383. William de Navesby,i prebendar}^ of TuUa-
breck, in the church of Limerick, staying in England,
received letters nominating Thomas Karlel (Carlile),
clerk, and Thomas Britwell his attornies in Ireland for
one year.

1389.2 The archdeacon receives a mandate from the
Holy See to appoint Thomas Naith, of the Geraldines,
clerk of the diocese, and of noble family, to the canonry
and prebend of Killeedy, value 12 marks, being so long
void by the marriage of Thomas O'Grady, that by the
Statute of the Latern Council, they have lapsed to the
Pope.

1391.3 John Rede, D.C.L., was appointed to the
canonry and prebend of Donaghmore.

1392.* The Archdeacon and Gerald O'Molkarar
(Mulcorkery), canon, were ordered to summon William
Brys, priest of Meath, who unlawfully detained the
chancellorship of Limerick (which is not elective), value
40 marks, is void by the marriage of Thomas Peston,
and assign it to Thomas, son of John Geraldines, knight,
rector of Cluychertrayn, in the diocese of Ardfert.

1393.5 A mandate to reserve to John Archer, rector
•of Athenedisse (Athneasy), in the diocese, a benefice
with or without the cure of souls, according to his fitness
after the usual examination in Latin.

1394.6 Richard Bondwill, priest, to be summoned,
and if it is found that the church of Athlacach (Athlacca),
value for 15 marks, although unlawfully detained by
said Richard, is void because Thomas Hunt held it for
two years and more, without being ordained priest ; it
is to be given to Thomas St. James, canon of Limerick,
notwithstanding that the Pope has recently ordered

1 Patent Rolls. -^ Ibid.

2 Bliss, Papal Registers, voL iv., 1 362-1404. '"> Ibid.

3 Ibid. 6 Ibid.

212 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

provision to be made to him of a canoniy in Limerick,.
and the perpetual vicarage of Ballagady (BaUingady)-

1394. A mandate to summon John O'Doughe, priest
of the diocese of Cashel, and if it is found that the
perpetual vicarage of Clonelche (Clonelty), value 5 marks,
though unlawfully detained by John, is void, because
John O'Molcokara had it for three or more years, without
being ordained priest, it is to be given to William
Hammond, priest of the diocese.

1394. A mandate to summon Thomas O'Flaninara
(Flannery), priest of the diocese, and if it is found that
the perpetual vicarage of Kilcurnan, value 10 marks,
although unlawfully detained by Thomas, is void, be-
cause Philip Russell held it for a year and more without
being ordained priest, it is to be given to a Killaloe priest.

1394.1 The Archbishop of Cashel was ordered to
make provision for Gerald, son of Maurice Richard,
Knight canon of Limerick, who studied civil law for
four years and a half, if found fit after an examination,
of a canonr}^ in the diocese, with the reservation of a
prebend, notwithstanding that he held the canonry
and prebend of Efhn, with the parish church of
Moynachy (Monagay) in the diocese.

1396. Gyllaseanayn O'Halpin to be ordained priest,
and to obtain the vicarage of Kilscannell, value 5 marks,
void, because Richard Burke who had no dispensation,
held it for a year and more without being ordained
priest.

These items are very interesting, as they show what
little patronage the bishop of the diocese had in those
days. It is curious that all the mandates, directing
these appointments, are addressed to members of the
chapter, instead of the bishop.

Bliss, Papal Registers, vol. iv,

3fourteentb Century.

CHAPTER XII.

THE CIVIL AFFAIRS OF THE COUNTRY, PORTION OF THE
DIOCESE.

At the opening of the fourteenth century, John
Fitzthomas^ succeeded to the family estates of the
Kildare branch of the Geraldines, and became one of
the leading men in Ireland. He seems to have spent
a good deal of his early years in the County Limerick,
as his name frequentl}'^ appears as witness to documents
in the Black Book, also in lawsuits for establishing his
title to certain lands in that county.

He received from his cousin, Amabilia Fitzgerald,
the manor of Corcomohide. For his valiant services in
Scotland, and Flanders, he received from the king the
manor of Shanid, at a low rent, during the minority of
the house of Desmond. This manor was afterwards
given to Matilda de Barry, the widow of Maurice Fitzjohn,
as her dowery.

At the close of the year 130 1, he obtained a grant in
fee of free warren in his demesne lands in the counties
of Kildare and Carlow, and in the manors of Adare,
Cromuth (Croom), Castle Robert, Athlacca, Wyrgedy,
Greene, Est Grene, and Cork Moighid (Corcomohide) in
the county of Limerick. After obtaining possession of
the ancestoral inheritance, he seems to have taken up
his residence on the Kildare estates, near the centre of
government. He did not neglect, however, to look

1 For the following see S.C.D.I. and Eayls of Kildare. Black Book
of Limerick.

214 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

after his Limerick property, as he received a grant from
the Crown for walhng in the towns of Adare and Croom,
to protect them from the incursions of the Irish enemy.
This is a ver}' interesting grant, as it gives a very
minute hst of the articles that were exposed for sale'
in these towns, on market da3'S, wliich were, it is to
be presumed, in common use amongst the inhabitants
of the surrounding country at this period. It is as
follows '': —

The King to his Bailiffs and good men of Adare ^ sends,
greeting. Know you, that we, at the instance of oar dear
and faithful John (son of Thomas), have granted to you^
that you may take in the said town, as a help to enclose-
the same town with a stone wall, from the feast of St. Mary
Magdalen, next ensuing, up to the end of three years next
ensuing, to be fully completed, the following customs, viz. :—
Id. for every crannoc of every kind of corn for sale ; ^d. for
every crannoc of salt ; ^d. for every horse or mare or pony,.
cow or heifer for sale ; ^d. for every carcase of a cow or heifer
for sale ; ^d. for every hide of a cow or heifer, pony, horse,,
or mare, fresh, salted, or tanned ; id. for five pigs ; id. for
ten sheep or goats ; id. for every five hogs ; id. for ten lambs ;
2d. for every hundred skins of sheep unshorn or shorn ; id.
for every hundred skins of lambs, martens, goats, hares,-
rabbits, foxes, cats, or squirrels ; id. for every hundred
skins of harts, hinds, bucks, does ; 4d. for every hundred of
Irish cloth ; 2d. for every hundred of linen cloth ; 2d. for every
entire English cloth of whatever colour ; ^d. for every entire
(Irish cloth) ; ^d. for every cloak ; /[d. for every tun of wine ;
4d. for every hundred (of iron) ; 4d. for every hundred of
canvas ; ^d. for every salmon ; ^d. for every lamprey ; id.
for every (weigh of grease, tallow) butter and cheese ; id.
for everv cart load of tan dust; y. for every hundred of boards

1 See original in Transcripts of Charters and Privileges to Cities^
Towns, etc. iSSo. Hodges, Figgis & Co.

CIVIL AFFAIRS OF THE COUNTRY. 2I5

for sale; hd. for every cart load of (great) timber; y. for every
cart load of wood ; ^d. for every stone of flocks and large
thread ; 4^. for every hundred of wax ; id. for every load
of honey ; 4d. (for every hundred of lead or tin) ; 2d. for every
hundred of verdigris or of whatsoever colour ; ^d. (for every
thousand cups) ; i^. for every mease of herrings ; hd. for every
load of fish, sea, fresh, or salt ; hd. for every thousand nails
whatsoever ; id. for every hundred of horse shoes and clouts
for carts ; |f/. for every hundred of steel ; id. for every hundred
of dried fish ; ^d. for every hundred of eels ; ^d. for every
stone of hemp ; id. for every hundred of teasles ; 4^. for every
hundred of kitchen ware of brass, or copper, wrought, or
not wrought ; hd. for every pair of wheels for carts ; and
M. for every 2s. worth of merchandise of any kind not
specified in these letters.

And, therefore, we command you, that from the said
feast of St. ]\Iary INIagdalen, up to the end of three years
ensuing, fully to be completed, you take the customs afore-
said, as is aforesaid, and when that term has been com-
pleted (and ended), the said customs shall immediately
cease and be non-existant.

In testimony whereof, and witness, John Wogan, at
Dublin, loth July, III. or IV. of Edward II. (1309 or 1310)
At the same time a similar grant was made to Croom.
In 1312,^ John visited Munster at the head of a great
arm\- to quell the disturbances that had broken out
there. On his march he stayed at Adare, where he gave
a magnificent banquet, and conferred knighthood on
Nicholas Fitzmaurice, third lord of Kerry, and Robert
Clonkull, for their good services to the State.

When Edward heard of the Bruce invasion in 1315,2
he sent an envoy to Ireland, with instructions to get
the leading men of the English colony to sign a form
of allegiance. The name of John Fitzthomas stands

1 Glyn's Annals.
~ Gilbert's Viceroys.

2l6 DIOCESE OF LI.MERICKJ

first in the list of signatures, there are also the names
of Maurice, representative of the house of Desmond,
Richard de Clare, and Maurice Rocheford, of the manor
of Tobbernea, attached to this document.

In 13 16, John received the title of Earl of Kildare
for his faithful services to the Crown, but did not live
long to enjoy the honour, as he died the same year at
Maynooth, and was interred in the Grev Abbey at
Kildare.

The dc Clares.

The vast estates of Tliomas de Clare were taken
possession of by the crown, and leased out to the Countess
of Gloucester, during the minority of his son and heir,
Gilbert. In 1299 the king was pleased to grant these
estates to Gilbert, though he had not yet reached his
majority.

1302. A few years afterwards, however, the king
ordered him to prove his age before the justiciary and the
chancellor. This enquiry was held at Cashel, Maurice
Rocheford acting as locum tenens for the justiciary, and
John Cantock for the chancellor.

Accordingly witnesses were examined to prove that
Gilbert^ was now over age. Sir Maurice de Lees was
first sworn and separately examined. He said that
Gilbert was born at Limerick, and baptized in the
cathedral by Gerald, then bishop, on the 3rd of February,
1281. When asked how he could speak with such
certainty regarding Gilbert's age, he replied because he
was a member of the household of Thomas the father
of Gilbert on the day when he was born, and remained
until August 29th, 1287, on wliich day Thomas died.
Gilbert was then six j^^ears of age. A great many more
witnesses were examined, and they all testified that

iSee S.C.IJ.I. for these particulars relating to Gilbert.

CIVIL AFFAIRS OF THE COUNTRY. 21/

Gilbert was over 21 years of age. In the following
March he was recognized by the king, w^ho took his homage
for all the lands his father held in Ireland at the time of
his death, and now being of age, they were formally
restored to him.

In 1306 Gilbert got licence to remain in England for
two years, William de Edenham and John de Brnmlec,
acting as attorneys for him. In 1307 the king gave him
a respite for all debts owed to the exchequer, as he was
about going into Scotland with his cousin Gilbert, Earl
of Gloucester,

In the older annals of Innisfallen his death is briefly
recorded as taking place in the year 1308. Next year
his widow, Isabella, got a dower from the king. Gilbert
was succeeded by his brother, Richard, who settled
down in the manor of Bunratty, and like his father,
commenced a feud with the O'Briens, which ended in
bimself, his son, and some valiant knights being slain
at Dysert O'Dea, 1318, thereby putting an end to Enghsh
rule in Thomond for many a year.

The pedigree of the White Knight, as published in the
Journal of the Royal Societ}'- of Antiquaries,' traces
him back to a Gilbert, eldest son of John Fitzthomas,
who was slain at Callan 1266, and his second wife,
Honora O'Conor, daughter of the King of Connaught.
The other sons of this marriage also received titles, the
second being made Knight of Ghn, the third Knight
of Kerry, and the fourth received Clenglish (Killeedy) as
his portion.

When this Gilbert arrived at man's estate he re-
ceived from his nephew, heir of the house of Desmond,
the manor of Mahoonagh and other adjoining lands
about the year 1295. He then married Ellen, daughter
of ]\IacCarthy, thereby uniting in bonds of friendship,

1 See Jou)'. of R.S.A.I., 4th series, vol. v. (1879-1882).

2l8 niOCESE OF LIMERICKJ

two houses that had hitherto been enemies. This union
was blessed with two sons, Maurice and Gilbert or
Gibbon, as he was called by the Irish, from whom was
descended the Fitzgibbons of Mahoonagh, a name still
flourishing in that locality.

Maurice was knighted by Edward III in Scotland
for his achievements against the Scots in 1333. He
died in 1357, and was buried in Kilmallock. He is set
down as the first White Knight, and the genealogy of the
family is traced down to the last and shameless bearer
of that title, who sold his kith and kin for /i,ooo to the
enemy. This pedigree, though plausible, cannot stand
the test of contemporary history, which unfolds another
and more reliable account of the origin of the famih'.
We have seen that Thomas de Clare held the manor
of Mahoonagh, and that it passed to his son Gilbert,
who was in possession of it at the time of his death in
the year 1308. His wife, and doubtless his children,
lived in the County Limerick, as she appears as plaintiff
in a lawsuit against Robert de Wall on a plea of account
for the time he was Gilbert's bailiff, in the manors of
Youghal, Inchecoyn (near Youghal), Candlestown, Any
(Knockainey), Iniskyfty (Askeaton), Mountauenach
(Mahoonagh), Bonrat (Bunratty), and Ardrayny. The
history of the family, like that of most other southern
families, became obscured by the sudden rise of the house
of Desmond.

The Gilbert who would correspond with the Gilbert
mentioned in tlie above quoted pedigree, w^ould be no
other than Gilbert de Clare who is erroneously set down
as a son of John of Callan, and such a mistake may easily
arise, as his mother was a Geraldine, being a daughter
of Maurice Fitzgerald of the Kildare branch.

The inquisition 1 taken at Kilmallock in the 3'ear

1 See Jour, of R.S.A.I., 4th series, vol. v.

CIVIL AFFAIRS OF THE COUNTRY. 219

1582, concerning the property of the then White Knight,
confirms tliis view. It is stated that the following lands
in the county of Limerick were released by the White
Knight to James, fifteenth Earl of Desmond, viz. : —
the manor of Meane which the Fitzgibbon received from
William Capellani, no doubt a descendant of the free
tenant who held that townland with Gerbaly (now Gar-
bally) in the manor of Mahoonagh, at the time of
Thomas de Clare's death. The land of Croman was also
in that manor. Part of the town and lands of Ballin-
garry was in the manor of Corcomohide. The short
castle of Askeaton, etc. All the lands mentioned were
in the manors held by Gilbert, a fact which proves
that the White Knight inherited them from his
ancestor, who, as has been already shown, was no other
than Gilbert de Clare.

The House of Desmond.
The heir of the house of Desmond at the beginning
of this century was found to be ten years i of age. All
his manors were in the custody of the Crown, and
leased out to suitable tenants during the minority.
Newcastle West and some other lands, were granted by
the king, to Gerard Doronis, who relet them to Sir John
Barry of Barryroe. Thomas, the minor, died in 1307,
and was succeeded by his brother, Maurice, who reached
his majority in the year 13 15.

Robert Bruce broke the English power in Scotland
at the famous battle of Bannockburn in the preceding
year. The news soon spread through Ireland, and gave
fresh energy to the Gael to shake off the English yoke.

They invited Edward Bruce, younger brother of the
king of Scotland to become their king. In response to
the invitation he landed in Ireland in the year 1315

1 See S.C.D.I.

'220 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

with six tliousand troops. He was immediately joined
by the northern Gael and some influential lords of the
English colony. In the spring of the following year
he marched through Ireland with a powerful army,
coming south through Castle Connell as far as the walls
of Limerick.

Edward Butler, the justiciary, ^ Richard de Clare, the
Cantentons, and others assembled at Ledin or Lodyn
(now Ludden) to watch the progress of the invading
army, but carefully avoided an encounter. The assembled
army remained here for some time after Bruce left the
locality, and Richard de Clare sent his bailiff to seize
eighty cows in his neighbouring manor of Ainy for the
maintenance of the army.

The leaders of the forces then went to a parliament,
specially summoned to discuss the situation, but it
broke up without adopting any definite policy. De
Clare spent the following winter at Cork, being suspected
by many of having private dealings with Bruce, though
the king cancelled a debt of /i,ooo which he owed the
exchequer. In the spring of 1318 he returned to Bun-
ratty, and met his fate as already related. The Bruce
invasion lasted only a few years, but during that short
time the Anglo-Norman colony was utterly demoralised,
and the Government lost that dominant power which
was so conspicuous towards the close of the last century.

Young Maurice, of the house of Desmond, also dis-
tinguished himself in the service of the Crown during
these eventful years, though at the commencement of
the outbreak the Donegans of Rathkeale burned New-
castle (West) which detained him for a time from
joining the Government troops.2 He kept a large army

1 " Normans in Thomond," Joiiy. of R.S.A.I., vol. i., 5th series, by
T, J. Westropp.

2 Plea Rolls. 134 of Ed. XL, 44.

CIVIL AFFAIRS OF THE COUNTRY. 221

on the field without a subsidy to maintain them, under
the circumstances, he was compelled to have recourse
to the old Irish custom of levying " Coigne and Livery"
which meant exacting food for men and horses as well
as money from the inhabitants of the country at the
Vv'ill and pleasure of the lord. This custom was con-
demned at the Synod of Cashel. When revived by
Maurice it became very oppressive.

In ' a short time it banished the greatest part of the free-
holders out of the counties of Kerry, Limerick, Cork,Waterford,
into whose possessions Desmond, and his kinsmen, alhes
and followers, which were then more Irish than English,
'did enter and appropriate these lands unto themselves.
Desmond himself taking what scopes he liked best for his
demesnes in every country, and reserving an Irish superiority
out of the rest. ... So that he suddenly grew from
a mean to a mighty estate. . . . These possessions being,
thus unlawfully gotten could not be maintained by the just
and honorable law of England, which would have restored
the true owners to their land again. And therefore this
great man found no means to continue and uphold his
ill purchased greatness, but by neglecting the English law
and government, and assuming in lieu thereof the barbarous
customs of the Irish. And hereupon followed the defection
of those four shires containing the greatest part of Munster
from the obedience of the law.

At a public assembly, Baron Maurice le Poer^
insulted Maurice by calling him a rhymer, the English
term for an Irish bard. This led to a fierce conflict
between the two families, other nobles took sides in the
quarrel which was finally brought to an amicable
settlement by the intervention of the Viceroy. In the
year 1229 ^ he was rewarded for his services to the

1 Hist. Tracts by Sir Johu Davis ; Dublin edition, 17S7, pp. 142-44^

2 See Gilbert's Viceroys.

3 Lodge, vol. i. ; Lynch, Legal Institutions, etc.

222 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Government, by having conferred on him the title of
Earl of Desmond, with the county Palatine of Kerry
to be held of the crown of England.

This court Palatine gave great power to the newly
created Earl as : —

Those 1 absolute Palatines made barons and knights, did
exercise high justice in all points within their territories,
erected courts for criminal and civil causes, and for their
own revenues ; in the same form as the king's courts were
established in Dublin ; so made their own judges, seneschals,
sheriffs, coroners, and escheators ; so as the king's writ did
not run in those counties (which took up more than two
parts of the English colonies), but only in church lands lying
within the same, which were called the " cross," wherein
the king made a sheriff, and so in each of these counties
palatine there were two sheriffs, one of the liberty and one
of the cross. . . .

These great undertakers were not tied to any form of
plantation, but all were left to their discretion and pleasure.
And although they built castles and made freeholders, yet
were there no tenures or services reserved to the Crown ;
but the lords drew all the respect and dependence of the
common people unto themselves.

In 1330, Darcy, the viceroy, being unable to subdue
the native Leinster septs, by the advice of the Council
sought the aid of the Earl of Desmond, promising
in the name of the king to pay the wages of the troops.

The Earl accepted the invitation, and marched into
Leinster, with his ally O'Brien, at the head of a large
army of native Irish, and soon quelled the disturbances
that were created by the turbulent septs.

The Gaels became active about this time in the
South, and the lords of the colony led their combined
forces southward to suppress them. During the march

1 Historical Tracts, Davis, pp. 107-9.

CIVIL AFFAIRS OF THE COUNTRY. 223

violent contentions arose between the Earls of Ulster
and Desmond, so that the viceroy was compelled to
imprison both earls in Limerick, from which the latter
effected his escape.

Darcy being unable to supply the money for the
maintenance of Desmond's troops according to agree-
ment, allowed him to have recourse to the methods
practised during the Bruce invasion, thereby giving a
legal sanction to " Coigne and Livery," which from
thenceforward became the common practice of the
house of Desmond. In time their conduct was imitated
by other lords of the colony. The Earl now openly
adopted the manners and customs of the Irish, and
assumed the regal splendour of a petty king among his
subjects, still keeping in touch with the government as
it suited his purpose.

In 133 1, Anthony de Lucy arrived in Ireland as
viceroy. He seized the Earl of Desmond and other
lords, and imprisoned them on the suspicion that they
were secretly aiding the Irish who were annoying the
colonists. After being kept in prison for eight months
the earl was liberated at the supplication of the clergy,
magnates and commons of Ireland. At a full parliament
held in Dublin, the leading nobles of the colonists went
bail for the earl's good behaviour in future. The earl
at the same time gave in his hostages at Newcastle
West. After his liberation he was summoned to attend
the king in Scotland, and later on to assist him in his
French wars.

In 1336, a representation was made to the king that
the estates of the wealthiest of the Anglo-Norman lords
should be retaken into the king's possession, as this
action would have the effect of making them more
amenable to authority, and that the country would be
better governed by native Englishmen than by Irish
or English having estates in Ireland. The king issued

224 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

instructions on these points. The Anglo-Norman lords
saw plainly that these suggestions were made to the
king by needy adventurers who were flocking into the
country eager to acquire wealth at the expense of the
older colonists. Feeling ran high, and to appease popular
sentiment, Sir John Maurice, the justiciary, called a
parliament.

The Earl of Desmond being indignant at these pro-
ceedings caUed all the nobles of the colony together
at Kilkenny, and drew up a remonstrance, which the}^
presented to the king who received it graciously. As
a result of this petition, Maurice was recalled, and the
Earl of Ulster appointed in his place. A few years
later. Sir John Ufford came to Ireland as justiciary,
determined to punish the Earl of Desmond for the stand
he took against Sir John Maurice. To put his plans
in force with a show of decorum, he called a parliament,
which the earl was wise enough not to attend. Ufford
then assembled a large army, and marched into Munster
to chastise the earl for his disobedience.

He captured Askeaton Castle, then proceeded to Kerry,,
and laid siege to Castle Island, which offered a determined
resistance, but after a fortnight's siege was forced to
surrender. The earl's knights Eustace le Poer, Baron of
Kenhs in Ossory, and William le Grant, who defended
the castle, were hanged ; the earl's seneschal, JohnCoterel,
was seized, and having been tried for various tyrannical
acts and found guilty, he was hanged, cut down, and his
intestines burned, his head severed from his body, and
his limbs set up as a public example in different parts
of the province. Ufford next proceeded against these
nobles who went bail for the earl's good behaviour
twelve years before, and confiscated their lands and
possessions.

Desmond did not submit quietly to such treatment
but repaired to England and pleaded his case before

CIVIL AFFAIRS OF THE COUNTRY. 225

the king, who gave him ample satisfaction.! Not only
was he himself restored to his estates, but those also
who went security for him and whose lands were con-
fiscated by Ufford. The earl was then appointed
viceroy, and during his term of office the country en-
joyed tranquillity. He died at Dublin Castle in the
year 1355, and was interred in the Dominican Church,
Tralee. He was married three times, first in 1312, to
Margaret, fifth daughter of Richard, Earl of Ulster, and
by her, who died in 1331, he had Maurice and John. His
second wife was Margaret, daughter of Conor O'Brien,
Prince of Thomond, by whom he had no male issue,
and his third was Eleanor, daughter of Nicholas, Lord
of Kerry, by whom he had two sons, Nicholas and Gerald.
In other accounts of the family John is placed last, and
did not succeed to the earldom.

Maurice succeeded as second earl, and enjoyed "the
title and estates until his death which took place
suddenly at Castlemaine in the year 1368. He was
buried at Tralee in the ancestral vault. He left no
issue by his wife Beatrice. The next brother, Nicholas,
being an idiot, Edward HI, in the year 1360, granted
to Gerald the younger brother the custody of the family
estates, and also licence to marry Emicia, daughter of
the Earl of Ormonde.

During the incapacity of Nicholas, he was virtually
Earl of Desmond, discharging all the duties attached to
the title. When Nicholas died he became the Earl of
Desmond, and as such was appointed justiciary in the
year 1367, immediately after the famous Statute of
Kilkenny had come into force among the colonists.

This statute was specially formed with a view of pre-
serving the English language and customs among the
colonists, a great many of whom had at this time become

1 Lodge, vol. i.

226 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

thoroughly Irish in manners and habits. The govern-
ment clearly saw that if this state of things was allowed
to continue their distinctive marks of nationality
would entirely disappear. A synopsis of these laws
is inserted here as they have an important bearing in
the future history of the diocese, which formed a part
of the country to which they applied. This statute
forbade! : —

Alliances by marriage/ gossipred, fostering of children,
or other connections between English and Irish, or
setting to the latter, in time of peace or war, horses,
armour, victuals, were declared treasonable acts.
All English or Irish living amongst them were to use
the English language, be called by English names, to
follow the English customs, and not to ride otherwise
than in saddles in the English fashion. If ecclesiastics
living among the English did not use the English language,
the profits of their benefices were to be seized by their
superiors. The English should not use Brehon law for
settling their disputes, or the law used in the " marches "
or borders. That no Irishman should be admitted into
any cathedral, collegiate church, or benefice, and that
the religious houses should not receive Irishmen into
their profession. That the English should neither
admit nor make gifts to Irish musicians, story tellers or
rhymers, who might act as spies or agents. That the
dwellers on the borders should not hold parleys or make
treaties with the hostile Irish or Enghsh, without per-
mission. That differences should not be made between
the English born in England and the English born in
Ireland by calhng the former " Enghsh hobbies " or
clowns, and the latter '' Irish dogs." That the common
people dwelling on the hostile border should not use

1 See Tracts relating to Ireland, Irish Arch. Society.

CIVIL AFFAIRS OF THE COUNTRY. 22/

plays called hurlings or quoitings which caused evils
and mains, but should accustom themselves to draw
bows and cast lances. Then follow a series of laws
regulating the internal government of the colony. The
penalties of death, imprisonment, and forfeiture of
property were decreed against the violaters of them.
A commission was appointed to hold enquiries twice a
year to see that the provision of this statute were carried
out.

In 1365, Torlogh O'Brien i became King of Thomond.
but did not enjoy the honour very long, as he was
banished in less than three years by his nephew, Brian
" Catha an Aonaigh," or Brian of the battle of Monaster-
nenagh. Torlogh fled for protection to the Earl of
Desmond, who espoused his cause, and immediately
gathered a great army to reinstate him in his kingdom.
Brian hearing of these hostile preparations hastened
into the County Limerick, and at Monasternenagh,
1369, encountered and defeated the earl's army. After
the battle he succeeded in making prisoners of the earl
himself, John Fitzthomas, and Sir Thomas Fitzjohn,
who sought refuge in the monastery .2

About this period O'Brien became aggressive, and
was accustomed to make occasional incursions into the
county of Limerick. The government being pressed
on all sides by the " Irish enemy," had to secure the
services of another Clare man, MacNamara, who raised
a body of troops, and spent the early part of the year
1374 defending the liegemen of Limerick, and making
very successful sallies against O'Brien, and killing many
of his men, for which he received 80 marks as a reward.

1388. As years went by Gerald became more wedded

1 Donohue, Memoir of the O'Briens.

2 See p. 34, Statute of Kilkenny, Tracts relating to Ireland, Irish
Arch. Society.

228 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

to the Irish manners and customs, so much so, that he
apphed for hcence to allow his son, James, to be brought
up among the O'Briens of Thomond, notwithstanding
the recent statute of Kilkenny. The request was
granted and runs as follows : —

The King ^ having been credibly informed of the constant
good repute which Gerald Fitzmaurice, Earl of Desmond,,
held and supported, above all others, of this part of Ireland,,
for fidelity to him and his liege subjects in Munster, and on
that account, and for the better preserving the peace and
the said liege people for the future, being willing to show
him favour, did, at his request, grant him licence to send his
son, James, to Conor O'Brien of Thomond, an Irishman,
to be brought up or educated, and there remain as long as
he should think fit, notwithstanding any statute made to
the contrary.

Gerald was a nobleman of brilliant parts. He was
styled " the poet," and from his great learning was
generally regarded as a magician. Some fragments of
Anglo-Norman verse, entitled the " Proverbs of the Earl
of Desmond," still exist. Towards his closing years
the county became very disturbed, in fact it is set down
in the Council Book of Richard II as paying no govern-
ment tax, and the reason alleged, that it was in rebellion.
This great man died in the year 1398, " after the victory
of Penance," though Lodge states " that he went away
out of his camp or was privately murdered about the
Island of Kerry, being never heard of more." The
O'Clery pedigree states that he died at Newcastle West. 2

The native annalists 3 describe him as " a nobleman of
wonderful bounty, mirth, cheerfulness in conversation,

1 See O'Donohue, Memoir of the O'Briens, p. 139; also Patent
Rolls. 1 2th, Richard II.

2 See Jour, of R.S.A., vol. v., 4th series.

3 Anns. Four Masters, year 1398.

CIVIL AFFAIRS OF THE COUNTRY. 229

charitable in his deeds, easy of access, a witty and
ingenious composer of Irish poetry, a learned and
profound chronicler, in fine, one of the English nobility
that had Irish learning and professors thereof in the
greatest reverence of all the English of Ireland."

He lived long in the legends of the people, according
to which he once in the seven years revisited his castle
at Lough Gur. He left two sons by his marriage with
the Earl of Ormonde's daughter, John and James, who
succeeded in turn to the earldom.

1399. John became earl immediately after his father's
death, but v/as drowned the next year in the Suir at
Ardfinnan, South Tipperary, and with him ends the
family history of this century.

The other Magnates of the County.

We now return to trace the fortunes of the other
Anglo-Norman families that flourished in the beginning
of this century.

When the house of Desmond became ascendant
after the Bruce invasion, owing to its active and able
representatives, the other families left the country or
sunk into the rank of freeholders or vassals to the Earls
of Desmond, as the scramble for the spoils of anarchy
meant the survival of the fittest. The Kildare family
of the Geraldines, though residing in the vicinity of
Dublin, paid close attention to their Limerick property.

Thomas, the second earl of that noble house, a prudent
and wise man, died in 1329. The following year his
widow married Sir John Darcy, who got a grant from
the Crown of the manors of Adare, Croom, Estgrene, in
the county of Limerick, during the minority of Maurice
the heir. About this time an inquisition was taken
regarding the manor of Adare and neighbouring lands.i

1 See Monorials of Adare.

230 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

The jury on their oath state that there was at Adare
a castle in which there is a hall, a chapel with stone
walls covered with thatch, a tower covered with planks,
a kitchen covered with slates, a chamber, near the
stone part, covered with thatch, the casement of which
is not surveyed at any price, because no one is willing
to hire them on account of the cost of keeping them up.

They say that there are in the demesne 13 score
and 19 acres of arable land, meadow, and pasture in
demesne which used be under the plough of the lord
there, each acre of which used to be worth, in times
recently past, i2d. per year, but they are now waste
and uncultivated, on account of the war, for want of
tenants, except 86 acres and a-half and one shed which
are now cultivated by four Englishmen, tenants there
paying for each acre 4^. at the feast of St. Michael next
following, and the feast of St. Michael, to be levied
from each acre of all the aforesaid lands at 4^. per year
in case of peace, but if war nothing.

The next reference to this town occurs in the year
1376, when it was burned down and totally wasted by
the Irish enemy, probably in one of the O'Brien raids
already alluded to.

Edward III,i to recompense the townspeople, made
the following grant in their favour : —

The King to the sheriffs of Limerick, keeper of our peace
there, our baihffs, servants, and collectors of our subsidies
and other taUiages, which now are, or at one time were, in
said county greeting. Whereas we considering after what
manner the town of Adare was burned, destroyed, and laid
waste by our Irish enemies, that said town may be better
and more quickly rebuilt and repaired hence, granted to
the provost and commonalty of said town, that they should
be acquitted from ah subsidies, talliages, and other service^

1 Memorials of Adare, p. 10 1.

CIVIL AFFAIRS OF THE COUNTRY. 23I

customs, and other impositions whatsoever, arising within
the county aforesaid, until the town should be fully repaired
and rebuilt. And we, willing to give effect to this our grant,
at the request of Maurice Fitzthomas, Earl of Kildare, the
Lord of said town, firmly command you and each of you,
under penalty of our displeasure, that the said provost and
commonalty should not be compelled or destrained upon
to contribute to, or pay these subsidies or talliages by you
imposed, or hereafter to be imposed upon them, or to con-
tribute to or pay any other services customs to be imposed
in said county until said town be fully repaired and rebuilt,
but that they should be altogether exonerated and dis-
charged therefrom, and from distress should there be
occasion.

The subsequent history of this town and surrounding
country is little known to the time of the Elizabethan
wars, though it remained in the possession of the
Kildare family. The same remark applies to the
greater part of the county during these eventful
years, and may be attributed to the same cause. In
this century the Maltravers still held the manor of
Rathkeale, as we find John Maltravers, junior, as owner
of Rathkeale and Askeaton in the year 1367, but
towards the close of the century they passed into the
possession of the Earls of Desmond.

The Rocheforts held the manor of Tobbernea, at least
as late as the year 1418, as they are mentioned in that
year as having the advowson of the church of Effin.

Sir Thomas de Lees, who fell at the battle of Dysert
O'Dea, was probably a descendant of that Thomas de
Lees referred to as retainer of Thomas de Clare, held
Garthbyboys in Limerick from Richard de Clare, which
one, Thomas de Hampton, was ordered by the king to
hold.

Garthbyboys was also the name of a church in the
diocese which was generallv known as Garthe, now

232 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Ballingarry. This must be the place De Lees held of
De Clare as a free tenant, it being situated in the manor
of Corkomoyd. In confirmation of this it may be stated
that the De Lees were patrons of Balhngarry in the
year 1418. De Lees is the early form of the name
De Lacy, which appears so prominently in the Eliza-
bethan wars, and a strong branch of the family dwelt
at Ballingarry.

" The Knight of Glyn " is a title that has survived
the vicissitudes of time, and is likely to continue for
years to come. It has been transmitted by Irish usage
rather than by the laws of chivalry, as it was a strictly
personal honour won by deeds of valour and daring in
the field.

The first of the family that occurs in history is
John Fitzjohn, who held half a tuath of land at Glan-
corby (Glyn) in the manor of Shanid in 1298, as we have
already seen. The next reference to the family occurs
in 1346,1 when Thomas Fitzjohn of the Glyn and John
Fitzdavid were appointed keepers of the peace in parts
of O'Conyl (Connelloe) in the county of Limerick, with
power to assess and to array men for the defence of the
marches, levying for every man at arms i2d., for every
hobellar 6d., and for every footman 2d. per day. He
is evidently the same Thomas Fitzjohn that was captured
with the Earl of Desmond at Monasternenagh by O'Brien
in 1369, and styled by the annahst Sir Thomas Fitzjohn.
In the meantime he may have been raised to the dignity
of a knight by one of the viceroys, or by the Earl of
Desmond, as he appears to be one of the chief vassals
and most strenuous supporters of the latter, and had a
splendid opportunity in those troubled times of winning
such an honour from his master. This is further con-
firmed by the following entry in the Annals of the Four

i Patent Roll, 20th of Edward III, dated Kilmallock.

CIVIL AFFAIRS OF THE COUNTRY. 233

Masters under the year 1503, viz.: "The Knight of
Glyn died, namely Edmond, son of Thomas, son of
PhiUp, son of John, son of the Knight." Allowing
thirty years for a generation, this pedigree would take
the family back to the above mentioned Thomas, who
was the first that bore the title.

The other manorial lords and many of the free tenants
mentioned in the previous century, though very seldom
referred to in any documents that have come down to
us, were still flourishing at the time of EHzabeth,
when their names constantly crop up as extensive land-
holders, living in stately castles, whose ruins in our own
time are melancholy monuments of bygone splendour.

The old Celtic divisions are frequently mentioned
during this century, but always under the English name
of Cantred.i Though two or more of these old divisions
were generally joined together to form a manor as we
have seen, yet they did not lose their identity. They
were probably retained as well defined districts for raising
taxes for local improvements, and sent representatives
to the Villatae 2 or local councils, which were held at
convenient centres such as Ardagh, Rathkeale, Bruree,

1 Cal. Chanc. Hib., p. 52, a. No. 50. Cautreds in County Limerick
that are mentioned in 1346 were Ossurys (Iverus), Ottorne, Accumys,
Inyskysty, O'Carbry, Adare, and Croom, Grene and Any, Offarbe,
Altry, Ardagh, Fontymshyll, Esclon, Oghny.

Ibid. p. 72 a. No. 2, 1358, the following are mentioned : — O'Carbri,
Adare, Grene, Any, Fontymkill, Esclon, Wethney, City of Limerick.

Ibid. p. 102 a. No. 73, 1377, O'Carbry, Adare, Cromyth, Any,
Fontymghill, Esclon.

Ibid. p. 113 b, No. 117, 1 38 1. Dominium Kildarie (the Lordship
of the Earl of Kildare), Any, Fontymkill, City of Limerick, Kilmallock,
•O'Conyle.

2 Plea Roll XVIII., edition i., m 44 (Cal., vol. i.. p. 140). The
Villatae or towns where these councils were held are given as Ardagh,
Othenach (evidently O'Bathyn, and probably held at Newcastle West),
Esclon, lolegar (Uregane), Browry, Fontemel, and Cromyth.

The Pipe Rolls give a Hst, Adare, Rathgele, Inskyfti, Ardagh,
Cromech, Kilmehallock, Dermochy (Darragh), Natherlag'h (Aherlow),
Any, Grene. and Karkinliss, (Caherconlish) (year 1303). Either of
these lists are not exhaustive.

See T. J. Westropp's Notes on Askeaton, Journal of R..S.A., 1903.

234 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Croom, Kilkeedy, Kilmallock, Darragh. The trial of
John Dundon, before one of these councils, gives an idea
of the kind of business that was transacted at such
meetings. The said John was indited for having neglected
to repair the bridges of Coulbalysyward (Howardstown)
and CloncuUig. The jury, however, found that John
was not bound to repair the bridge of CloncuUig, and
that the bridge of Howardstown was made up so that
men, horses, and wagons were able to cross.

ifourteentf) Century.

CHAPTER XIII.

THE AFFAIRS OF THE CITY.

In the beginning of this century there is very little
known about the internal or social life of the citizens.
When the surrounding country became disturbed, the
government thought it desirable to secure the city, on
account of its being so favourably situated as a rallying
ground against the " Irish enemy " and " English rebel.'*

Accordingly in a.d. 1312,1 an order was made to
survey the castle of Limerick Vv^hich was situated in the
dangerous march between the English and Irish. It
was ordered to be put in repair, and the expenses to be
defrayed out of the issues of the county. A report
having been made to the king and council by John
Wogan, justiciary of Ireland, that the castle was so
threatened with ruin, and fallen down and broken on
all sides, that damage and peril may arise, if it were not
speedily repaired, and if turrets and defensive crenelles
were not there constructed.

It would appear^ that during these years malefactors,
robbers, and disturbers of the king's peace frequently
invaded the city, assassinated, wounded, and robbed
the citizens of their property within the liberty, and
burned the suburbs. As a remedy against this evil,
they were allowed to seize the chatties of these male-
factors, whether English or Irish, as well within as
without the liberties, and to retain the goods so seized
until full satisfaction was made by the offenders for

1 Calendar of Close Rolls (English State Paper Series).

2 Plea Rolls, 6th Edward II.

236 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

such damages, and on that account the citizens were
not to be molested or aggrieved in any of the king's
courts.

1327.1 Wilham de Skelton was appointed custodian
of the castle, and was to hold the position for life during
the king's pleasure for services rendered during the
reign of Edward I. He did not retain the office long
as a fresh grant was made in 1330, in favour of John
le White, who was to be constable of the castle, with
a yearly fee of 10 marks at the exchequer, provided that
he furnished before the sheriff of Limerick sufficient
security for the safe keeping of the castle for the king.
At the same time he bound himself to repair fifty feet
of the wall now fallen into decay, and to find six men
at arms as a guard for the castle.

1331.2 Maurice Fitzgerald, Earl of Desmond, as we
have seen, was captured by surprise in the city on
Assumption day by Sir Anthony Lucy, and sent as a
prisoner to Dublin Castle. In the following year some
of his followers, who were confined in the castle of
Limerick, killed the constable and took possession of
the castle. Their triumph, however, was of short
duration, as Banbury, the mayor, at the head of the
citizens, attacked and captured the castle, putting to
the sword the garrison without regard to rank or quahty.

After the disastrous battle of Monasternenagh, the
city was burned by the O'Briens, and MacNamaras of
Thomond, after which the citizens 3 capitulated to
O'Brien. Sheeda Cam (MacNamara), son of the daughter
of O'Dwyer, assumed the wardenship of the town, but
the Enghsh that were in it acted treacherously to him
and killed him.

1 See Calendar Patent Rolls (English Series), for this and following
entries.

2 See Cox, Hihernia Anglicana.
^ Anns. Four Masters, 1369.

THE AFFAIRS OF THE CITY. 237

Sir William de Winsor, justiciary, immediately
marched to the relief of the city. He vigorously pursued
the MacNamaras with the result that he succeeded in
forcing John, the leader of the sept, to submit and give
hostages for the fulfilment of the following covenants :
(i) To keep the peace, especially towards the Bishops of
Limerick and Killaloe. (2) Not to annoy the city or
castle of Limerick, nor hinder that city in their fishing,
or in cutting their woods in Thomond to build or repair
their houses. (3) That he should restore the books,
ornaments, and chalices he had taken from the church
of Limerick.

In 1382,1 Thomas Brightrich received the constable-
ship of the castle, and asked the citizens to give him
20 marks, the value of the weirs, for the up-keep of that
building, provided he gave the king a tun of salmon
and a pipe of Lampreys every year.

1390.2 The issues and profits of the fee farm, cocket,
and the lax weir were granted to the citizens for eight
years to repair the fortifications of the city, as it was
situated on the frontiers of the king's Irish enemies.

In the following year^ another grant was made with
the assent of the council to the Mayor of Limerick for
the benefit of the city, which is situated on the frontiers
of the king's Irish enemies, who from day to day came
into it, and against the will of the said mayor, burgesses,
and good men, buy victuals and merchandize to their
great loss. For the next seven years no foreign mer-
chant, and in particular, no enemy shall buy any
merchandize in the city without licence of the mayor,
and for the better guarding and maintaining, they may
once a year freely send out two ships to foreign ports

1 See Cox, Hibernia Anglicana.

2 Calendar of Patent Rolls (English Series).

3 Patent Rolls (English Series).

238 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

in time of peace and the truce, without bringing tlie
same into any of the king's ports in England, Wales or
elsewhere, and during that period they may freely sell
the same in foreign parts, provided that it is not pre-
judical to any person howsoever. So far we have traced
the privileges which the government conferred on the
citizens to maintain their independence in the midst
of hostile neighbours.

We now turn to treat of the domestic affairs of the
city, and the materials are of a very meagre kind. It
must have increased considerably in population, as many
new names, such as Arthur Black, Comyn Creagh,
Stritch, Wall, and Taylor appear in the list of principal
officers. Many of these names are still with us. A
number of documents relating to the fisheries and farm
of the city are still extant, but principally refer to the
payment of the customary crown rents which show
that the government kept, even in those troubled times,
a. close supervision over the taxes.

The town was favourably situated for commercial
pursuits, though little availed of by the citizens in the
beginning of this century, as we learn from the Custom
returns. Later on they became more enterprising, and
carried on a considerable trade with the neighbouring
cities. The citizens of Galway became jealous of the
growing trade of Limerick, and exacted illegal dues off
the Limerick merchants that frequented Galway to
dispose of their wares, which ended in a serious quarrel.

In the year 1337, David Butler, a citizen of Limerick,
complained to the Lord Justice that although it was
particularly provided in the Charter of Limerick, that
the citizens and their successors for ever should be free
of all customs for their goods and merchandize in any
place, either in England or Ireland, where they should
bring them for sale ; yet the Provost and bailiffs of
<jalway and Athenry exacted heavy customs from

THE AFFAIRS OF THE CITY.

= 39

him and his merchants, when from time to time they
came to the said towns with merchandize. The Lord
Justices on hearing the complaint issued letters com-
manding the said magistrates to refrain, under heavy
penalties, from those exactions in future. These rival

COSTUMES OF MAYORS OF DUBLIN', \VATERFORD, CORK, AND LIMERICK,
ABOOT 1380.

trade disputes were renewed occasionally, and in the
beginning of the sixteenth century ended in open
hostility. The above group of figures taken from
the Municipal Roll of Waterford illustrate the dress of

240

DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

the mayors of the southern cities about the year 1380.
The Mayor of Limerick is here represented as wearing
a large belt, adorned with gilt plates, red hose and
shoes, a tunic of dark blue and cap. The outfit does
justice to his figure, though he appears to be ill at ease.
The next group is taken from different parts of the
same roll. The outer figures represent burgesses, and
the inner a gentleman of rank and a bishop. These
old pictures gives us a ghmpse of how the different
grades of the better class of citizens were clad in their
everyday avocation in those medieval times. 1

MONSTER COSTUME IN I380.

1 See Mr. Westropp's Essay, St. Mary's Cathedral, /om>-. of R.S.A.,
1898, pp. 12, 24, 31.

jfifteentb Century.

CHAPTER XIV.

THE ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE.

Cornelius O'Dea, Archdeacon of Killaloe, was appointed
Bishop of Limerick in the year 1400. He was a member
of the distinguished family of the O'Deas, chieftains of
Dysert Tola. It would appear that he was married
before he became a priest, as the following entry occurs
in the Annals of the Four Masters under the year 1589 :
" Dermot Og, son of Dermot, son of Denis, son of
Dermot, son of Conor, Bishop of Limerick, son of Mur-
rough-an-Dana O'Dea, died, and was buried in his own
town, Dysert Tola, in the cantred of Kinel Fearmaic
in the upper part of Dal Cais."

In the early years of his episcopate there is evidence ^
that the morals of the clergy were lax, the cause of which
may be traced to the state of anarchy the greater part
of the country was reduced to, owing to the constant
raids and counter raids of petty chiefs. The Western
Schism too must have had a paralysing effect on the main-
tenance of clerical discipline which is so necessary for
the purity of morals and the welfare of the Church.
Cornelius was an energetic, liberal, and pious prelate,
who spent his life in promoting the interest of religion
in his diocese.

In 1424 he was summoned by the government to
answer certain charges that were made against him.
The nature of the accusation or the result of the enquiry
has not come down to us. In 1426 he resigned the

1 See Bliss, Papal Registers {140^-14.1 i,).

242 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

bishopric and retired into private life, having thus an
opportunity of devoting the close of his years exclusively
to the service of God. He died on the 27th July, 1434,
and was interred in the cathedral, under a monument
of black marble adorned with his statue, near the tomb
of the O'Briens, with whom he was connected by
fosterage.

In the year 162 1, this monument was removed to
a place set apart for the bishops on the south side of
the choir, where this inscription may still be seen : —

Haec est effigies Reverendissimi viri Cornelii O'Dae
Quondam Episcopi Limericensis, qui ad monumentum hoc
novum Episcopcrum Limericensium ad perpetuandum
memoriam et honorem tanti Praesulis, Translatus fuit, ut
hie cum fratribus suis requiesceret, 14 die Julii Anno Dom
1621. Remotus autem hue fuit sumptibus nobilissimi herois
Donati Comitis . Thomoniae tunc honoratissimi Domini
Presedentis provinciae Momoniae.'

— [Translated by Hants.)

This is the effigy of that most Reverend man, Cornelius
O'Dae, formerly Bishop of Limerick, who, to perpetuate the
memory and honour of so great a prelate, was translated to
the burial place of the Bishops of Limerick, that he might
rest with his brethren, on the 14th day of July, 1621.
But it was removed hither at the charge of that most noble
hero, Donat Earl of Thomond, then the Right Honourable
Lord President of the Province of Munster.

Very valuable and much prized memorials of this
good prelate still survive, having been handed down
as heirlooms through his successors in the See, and are
at present in the custody of the Most Rev. Dr. O'Dwyer,
Bishop of the Diocese. They consist of a Mitre Crozier
and a MS. now known as the Black Book of Limerick.

1 See Ware's Bishops of Limerick.

c^a'0(^V<7^'

face page 243.

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 243

The Mitre. — According to an old legend a synod of
bishops was held in Dublin, and Cornelius went to attend
it without his pontificals. Feeling the awkwardness
of his position, he searched the city for a mitre and
crozier, but failed to find them. At length a youth
landed from a ship which had just come into port, and
presented the bishop with a box, saying what he sought
was in it, if it pleased his lordship he could keep them.
When the bishop turned to thank the young man he
was nowhere to be seen. In almost every legend there is
said to be a kernel of truth. In this instance the story
may have arisen from the fact that they were made
in Dubhn.

The front and back of the mitre consists of silver
gilt laminae, adorned with flowers composed of an
almost infinite number of precious stones. The borders
and ornamental panel, down the middle on both sides
are of the same material but much thicker, being worked
into mouldings and vine leaves enriched with a variety
of pearls some of a large size. Near the top of the front
panel, in the form of a cross and covered with crystal
of the same shape, is the following inscription : " Hoc
signum crucis erit in coelo." In similar setting on the
back is the continuation : " Cum Dominus ad judican-
dum venerit." Round the lower edge a record of the
date and name of the original owner are enamelled in
black letters thus : " Me ►!< fieri •$• fecit i^ Cornelius
O'Deaygh Epus . . . Anno Dom Milli." The re-
mainder is broken off above the band, the name of the
artist is engraved Thomas O'Carryd, artifex faciens.
The infulae or pendants appear to have suffered much
as they are devoid of most of the ornaments that once
adorned them.

The Crozier. — The crozier is of silver for the most
part, ornamented along the shaft with crowns and chaste
work. Within the curve in the open part is a silver

244 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

figure of the Blessed Virgin, seated with a dove suspended
with a wire over her head, the figure of the Angel
Gabriel in a kneeling attitude, and between them the
figure of a lily growing out of a ewer.i The curve is
supported by a pelican with outstretched wings feeding
her young. Below the curve are the enamelled figures
of SS. Brigid, Barbara, Catherine, Margaret, and two
others who bear no distinctive emblems, all under
canopies. Below these are the figures of the Blessed
Trinity, SS. Peter and Paul, St. Patrick, an unknown
bishop, and the Blessed Virgin, under rich canopies.
Round the base is a wreath of enamelling containing
the name and title of the bishop : " Me fieri fecit Cornell,
O'Deaygh Epus Limiricens, Anno Dom :\ICCCCXVIII
consecracionis sue anno XVIII." -

" Cornelius O'Dea, Bishop of Limerick, caused me
to be made a.d. 1418, and in the eighteenth year of his
consecration."

It is about seven and a half feet in height and
about ten pounds in weight. These precious relics
have been carefully preserved, and are greatly admired
by lovers of the fine arts, as they are splendid specimens
of what Irish artists were able to turn out in the
fifteenth century. They have been exhibited at the
Dubhn Exhibition of 1862, and at the Congress of the
Arch^logical Society, England, the same year. They
have been worn on solemn occasions by the late Dr.
Butler, and by the present custodian. Dr. O'Dwyer.

The Black Book. — This very valuable MS. consists
of seventy-six leaves written on vellum and parchment.
The table of contents and collection of documents
occupying seventy leaves, are beautifully and plainly
written in the same hand in the style of the end of the

1 The dove and the lily are not now in their places.

2 The illustrations of Mitre and Crozier are copied^ from the
Archceologia, vol. xvii., 1814.

THE CROZIER OF CORNELIUS O DEA.

\facc page 244.

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 245

reign of Edward III and in Latin. The earliest docu-
ment transcribed is the grant of Donald O'Brien, and
though undated, is generally referred to the year 1194
and the latest is dated a.d. 1362, and most of them are
woven into the text of this volume. The additional
portion, containing the procuration tables and rental of
the diocese, in a different and later style of hand, was
added by Cornelius O'Dea in 1418. There are some
inquisitions relating to Church property also inserted
by later bishops.

At the time of the Reformation it passed into the hands
of the Protestant bishops, as there are some documents
inserted in the end of it by Bishop Adams (1604-1625).
It is said to have been in the possession of Bishop Webb,
who died a prisoner in the castle shortly after the out-
break of 1642. Dr. Young mentions in a note in White's
Annals of the Diocese, when treating of Bishop Robert
of Emly, that the Black Book was then (in the year
1795) in the possession of Captain Ouseley, and Dr.
Cussen, P.P., Bruff, adds in another note that Dr.
Young afterwards became the owner of the MS. Since
then it has become an heirloom of the diocese.

This MS. is at present in the college library of May-
nooth. It was lent by Dr. Ryan, Bishop of the Diocese,
to Dr. Renehan, President of that College, and being
among his books at the time of his death, it was placed
in the library of the College, where it remains by the
permission of Dr. O'Dwyer, as it is still the property of
the diocese of Limerick. By the consent of the President
of Maynooth, a copy was made for Trinity College
library. Dr. Russell, President of Maynooth, presented
Dr. Butler, late Bishop of the diocese, with a copy,
and there is one also in the College library of Maynooth. 1

1 The copy I have used is a copy I made from the copy presented
to Dr. Butler, and kindly lent to me tiy the Most Rev. Dr. O'Dwyer.

246 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

The Procuration Rolls given at page 13^ ipil the
Black Book contain the fullest and most valuable hst
of churches of the diocese before the Reformation. It
is to be regretted that the first page is greatly defaced
by tincture of galls which was used to restore the faded
ink, and makes the reading a great difficulty. By
comparing it with the copy in a MS. called the little
Black Book, Dr. Reeves, late Protestant Bishop of Down
and Connor, made out a complete list which is preserved
among his MSS.i in Trinity College, and which I have
used with what I am able to decipher of the original
in the following list.

" Procuratio," anghcized proxy, was a pecuniary
sum or composition paid to an ordinary in lieu of the
provision or entertainment which in ancient times was
allowed to him, and when bishops, instead of holding
itinerary visitations of their dioceses, summoned their
clergy to meet them at the court of visitation at the
cathedrals, an equivalent for the cost of entertainment
was assessed on their parishes in the form of fees. Out
of this charge the present record grew, and the sum
total accruing to the bishop annually from this tax of
1418 was £32 los., a very large sum at that period.

We now give the list of churches as they are found
in this return which is a valuable supplement to the
1201 list.

Proxy Tax,^ 1418.

Deccanatus Lymericensis.
(Limerick Deanery).
Ecclesia de Escluana alias Kylkyde, cujus Rector

IT.C.D. MSS., 1063.

2 Title of Original : — " Hec est taxa ordinaria tocius diocesis pro pro-
cuiacionibus domini Episcopi ... in crastino Valentini matris Anno-
Domini millesimo cccc, vicessimo secundo . . . jam in hoc libro de
verboad verbumperCorneliumLymericensem Episcopum ne Rotuli . , -
rent extant sub Anno Domini, Millesimo ccccxviii.

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE.

247

est Prior de Athissell. (The church of Escluana otherwise
Kilkeedy the rector of which is the prior of Athissel).

Escluan in the Hst of churches given under the year
1201 is appUed to a district containing a number of
churches. In the Hst of 1302, it is given as the name
of a particular church with a vicarage. In the Hst of
1306, it is not mentioned, but Kilkid (Kilkeedy) is given
as a rectory and vicarage. In this list both names
are given as referring to the same church wliich is now
known as Kilkeedy near Carrig O'Gunnell Castle. The
church derives its name from St. Keedy or Cedda, and
was dedicated to St. Simon and Jude, 28th of October,
In 1615, it was roofed with thatch. A part of the walls
are still standing, but present no architectural feature
worth noting.

MEDIEVAL CHURCH, MUNGRET.

248 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Ecclesia de Mongrel, Decanus Rector.

(The church of Mungret, the dean is rector.) The
old Celtic churches of Mungret have already been de-
scribed. This was the parochial church and built after
the coming of the Normans, and is the most imposing
ruin. It is a large Gothic building, measuring about
113 feet in length, and is divided into a nave and chancel.
At the west end there is the ruins of a residence, and a
small tower to the north of it. The east gable, which
is in a fair state of preservation, is supported by large
stepped buttresses. In 1615 the chancel was in a good
state of repair.

Ecclesia de Catherbathelaich.^
(The church of Cahervally.) Cathair ui Chachalla,
Fort of the O'Boughills. The church of Cahervally
gives its name to a parish. There is an undated
document in the Black Book (perhaps between 1270
and 1300), which states that John Pincera gave the
church of St. Matthew, Catherbathelacgh, with its
appurtenances, namely, all the ecclesiastical benefices
of Dorchyn, to St. Mary's Cathedral, to increase the
canonry of Thomas Cardiff, which was St. Munchin's.
From this we learn that Cahervally was a churdi in
the district of Drochyn, a word I consider to be the
ancient form of Rahen. This assumption is borne out
by Peyton's Survey, where Rahen is given as the name
of a parish, and is still the name of the townland where
the ruins of the old church of Cahervally are to be
seen. Peyton mentions that a castle stood in this
townland, which, with half the land, belonged to
Thomas McBoyle McGarrott beg Marescall.

1 O.S.L. (G'Donovan)."*

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 249

The ruins of this old church are now called Rahen,
and judging from what remains of the building, it was
about sixty feet long by twenty-one wide. A few
fragments of the walls are still standing ; near it traces
of the old castle are discernable.

Ecclesia de Crewamalla, Precentor.
(The church of Knocknagaul belongs to the pre-
centor.) According to O'Heerin's Topographical Poems,
O'Maille and O'Cadhla were the chieftains of the Tuath
Limnrigh, and the name of the former is preserved
in Crewamalla, which was a district corresponding
to the present parish of Knocknagaul. It is often
mentioned in the Black Book during the thirteenth
century. It does not occur in the list of 1302, as it
belonged to the precentor, whose benefices are valued
as a whole without naming any in particular. It occurs
in the lists of 1306, in this present list, and the one of
1615, when it disappears and that of Knocknagual
substituted in its place. It is written Crewally, and
Ballyclough given as an alias for it in an inquisition
held in the year 1615, and already referred to. But
it is clear from the old documents of the thirteenth
century in the Black Book, that it was applied to a large
district, and the church was called by the same name,
though in the course of time the particular place where
it was built may have been known as Knocknagaul.
Even that name has lost its identity as a townland,
and Lemonfield substituted for it where the old ruin
is situated. It consisted of a nave and choir; only a
part of the north and south walls now remain.

Ecclesia de Carnargy, Decanus.
(The church of Cahernarry belongs to the dean.) This
old church was situated on the slope of Cahernarry Hill

250 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

where a few fragments of the old building still remain
in the graveyard near the Protestant church. It was
dedicated to St. Nicholas.

Ecclesia Kilbekayn alias Ballymcconcoiir, Prebenda ejus
■particula Hakyms, Proxy 2s.

(The prebend of Kilpeacon, a part of which is
Hakinis.) The ruins of this old church have long since
disappeared, but were near the Protestant church of
that name. It was dedicated to St. Becan of Cluain
Mobecoc in Misscraige Breogam in Munster, on 26th
May.

Ecclesia Kylmohurk alias Kilmurry, Rectoria pcrtinct ad
Prioreui de Athissell, Proxy 8s.

(The church of Kilmohurk or Kilmurry, a rectory
pertains to the prior of Athissell.) The old church
was dedicated to St. Mary Magdalen. The Protestant
church was built on its site in the year 1810. The
parish is now popularly known as Monalean.

Ecclesia de Deregalvayn, Proxy 5s.

(The church of Derrygalvin.) Oakwood of Galvin.

There is none of the building now remaining, but its

site is marked by a graveyard in Ballysimon. It was
dedicated to St. Nicholas, December 6th.

Ecclesia Domnachmor, Prebenda et habet vicarium cujus
particula Ballyag alias Ardpatrick, Proxy 5s.

(The church of Donaghmore, a prebend and hath a
vicar, a part of which was Ballyag otherwise
Ardpatrick.) (See 1201 list).

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 25I

Ecclesia dc Ratlisyccard, Decamis, Proxy 4s.

(The church of Rathsyward belongs to the dean.)
The place where this church was situated is now known
as Rathurd, not far from Donaghmore, No part of the
ancient building remains, but was of some importance
in ancient times.

Ecclesia de Sengcl una parte Thesaur, Proxy 2S.
(The church of Singland.) (See 1201 list.)

Ecclesia Sancti Patricii cujus pars deciniae gurgitum et
molendinoriim et Proxy ys. 6d.

(The church of St. Patrick, a part of which are the
tithes of the fisheries and mills, etc.) (See 1201 list.)

Capella de Cluinanarny als Kilcowyn Thesaitrarius.

(The chapel of Cluinanarny or Kilquane belongs to
the treasurer.) (See 1201 list.)

Ecclesia de Cottyn alias Sancti Laurencii extra miiruui
presentatio cujus special ad Commiinitatein civiujn.

(The church of Cottyn or St. Laurence outside the
walls. The presentation belonged to the Corporation.)
It formerly stood near the County Hospital, but has
disappeared long since.

Ecclesia St. Johannis Prior is dc Sancta Cruce, Proxy i8d.

(The church of St. John's belongs to the prior of
Holy Cross.) (See 1201 hst.)

Ecclesia Sancti Michaelis Archidiaconus hahct Vicarium,
gd.

(The church of St. Michael belongs to the archdeacon,
and hath a vicar.) (See 1201 list.)

252 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Ecclesia St. Mmichini Capiit Prebende cujus patriculae
sunt Kylcomgayn Drehidtarsna and Kyllouch.

(The church of St. Munchin is the head of a prebend,
a part of which is Kylcomgayn (near Kilmallock),
Drehidtarsna, Kyllouch (Kilrush.) (See 1201 hst.)

Ecclesia Sanctv Nicolai, Decanus hahct Vicarium.

(The church of St. Nicholas belongs to the dean and
hath a vicar.) (See 1201 list.)

Ecclesia dc Kyllgelly hahct Vicarium.
(The church of Killeely hath a vicar.) (See 1201
list.)

Ecclesia de Crcattalach et Yharmed alias Kylkemayn et
Kyllyntynayn .

(The church of Cratloe and Yarmed alias Kylkemayn
and Kyllyntynayn.) Cratloe is near the old castle of
that name, and is in a fair state of preservation, but looks
as if it were never used as a burial ground. Yarmed or
Kyllyntynayn,! now Kilfintinan, locally known as
Crochane, is about a quarter of a mile from Cratloe
station. A few fragments of the old building still
remain. It is in the County Clare but in the diocese
of Limerick.

Ecclesia de Fedemor Prior de Cahir Rector Jiahet Vicarium.

(The church of Fedamore (Fiadamair Damair's Wood),

Rector, the prior of Cahir, and hath a vicar. It

1 See Lenihan's History of Limerick, p. 5 58, where it is said,
on the authority of Dr. Young, that Killfintenan parish church had
part of the church of Six-mile-bridge, the Oil Mills, Ballydane East
and West, Breakill, Moyhill, Ballymorris, Portvine, and Garrine
Curragh.

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 253

was dedicated to St. John the Baptist. Tlie Protestant
church is built on the ancient site. The presentation ^
of the rector belonged to the Earl of Desmond, who
claimed from the rector at the time of presentation
lOOs. half face. This church was granted to Thomas
Browne in 1605, as part of the possessions of Cahir.

Ecclesia de Ballyhowen ejusdem Prior.

(The church of B ally o wen belongs to the same prior.)
Ballyowen is a place name that underwent many changes.
In list of 1615 it is written Ballione, and is evidently
the same as Ballyee of Peyton, which is now written as
Ballyea near Fedamore, and the site of the old church
must have been at Kilcaskin.

Ecclesia dc Crewcoi&rtha Communitas ecclesia Cathedralis
Lymericensis.

(The church of Crecora belongs to the chapter and
dean.) I take that to be the meaning of Communitas
from the fact that John Cogan,^ and later Wilham dc
Wess, granted this church to them. A portion of the
old building still exists. It was dedicated to SS. Peter
and Paul, 29th June.

The following churches are not mentioned in this
list, but are in one drawn up in the year 1685 by Rev.
Jasper White,^ pastor of St. John's, which he found in
torn rolls among the papers of his brother, Edmond
White, Canon of Ardcanny, written with his own hand

1 Peyton Survey^

2 See Black Book of Limerick, pp. 100, 130.

3 Dr. Jasper White was born in Limerick in 1628, and studied in
Spain, where he was ordained priest in 1655. He was in Limerick
in 1668, and was made parish priest of St. John's. He drew up his
list of churches in 1685. He was registered for the parish of St.
Laurence in 1704. He died about 1709. His list will be given in
appendix. See Irish Ecclesiastical Record, 1876, also Lenihan, p. 551,.
White's MS.

254 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

about the year 1658, and also among some writings of
James Dowley, Bishop of the Diocese. A copy of this
MS. is preserved in Rev. James White's MS. Annals of
Limerick. Evidently the compiler had two lists of
churches before him, one older than the other, as he gives
the same church under two different names by which
it was known at different times, and thereby making it
appear that they were in reality different churches.
For instance, he gives Fedamore and Balione together,
and further down he gives Balione as if it were different
from the above Balione, etc.

The chapel of St. Margaret, ^ Newtown, near Carri-
gogunnell. This church belonged to the Hospitallers of
Ainey. In a grant made of this preceptory to Thomas
Browne in 1605, it is given as " Newtown near Adare."
The townland is often mentioned in the thirteenth and
fourteenth centuries in the Pipe Rolls. The ruin is near
the Shannon, and measures fifty-six and one-half feet
long by twenty-two and a-half wide. It is in a fair
state of preservation, but appears to have been never
used as a burial-ground.

Farran na Giiillagh.

Now Rossbrien, near the city, of which no traces
remain except the burial ground where it formerly
stood. Near it is St. Domnic's Well.

Decaxatus de Kyllocia

(The Deanery of Kilmallock).

Ecclesia dc Kyllocia Rector ihdeni comnmnitas presentat

Vicarium.

(The church of Kilmallock, rector there the dean

and chapter who presents the vicar.) This church was

1 Patent Rolls, James I.

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE.

255

dedicated to SS. Peter and Paul, and was collegiate
and parochial. It is now used as a Protestant church.
It is divided into chancel and nave, the former measur-
ing forty-nine feet by twenty-five, is lighted by a large
five light window ; the latter is eighty-five feet by sixty-
five, and has side aisles with four pointed arches at each

KILMALLOCK CHURCH AND ROUND TOWER.

side. In the north end of this building there is an
ancient round tower, much modified and densely clothed
with ivy.

Ecclesia de Effyng prehendata per pensionem solvcndam
ecclesie Cathedrali annuatim, et hahet vicarium special
ad presentacioncm Domini de Rochefort Procuratio
ibidem unacum capella de Kyllygyll.

(The church of Effyng is attached to a prebend by
a pension annually payable to the Cathedral church.

256 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

and hath a vicar in the presentation of Mr. De Rochefort,
Proxy thereof together with the chapel of Kylbygll.)
(See Bishop Gerald's episcopacy with regard to the
foundation of this prebend.) A part of Effin church
is still standing, and was dedicated to the B.V.M.
Kylbygyll is variously written Kylbygill, Kylbegly, and
Kylbigly. It was formerly a separate benefice. The
old church was situated in the townland of Brickfield,
but now no vestige of it remains. The following letter
from Petrie to O'Donovan has reference to this church : —

November ^rd, 1835.
My dear John,^

O'Keefe has searched everywhere for St. Athnaid, but
searched in vain. We have been more successful in our hunt
after another saint, namely, St. Begly. I forget how to spell
the name, but no matter. He must, I think, be the Begile
given by Colgan among the saints of the race of Connell
Gulban. Colgan did not know the locality or name of his
church. He placed his festival on the 12th of October,
but it does not occur on that day on the Calendar, but on the
i8th of February.

Ecclesia de Athenasse, Rectoria et Vicaria.

(Atheneasy, a rectory and vicarage.) Atheneasy
derives its name from Atha na ndeisi (the ford of the
Desi), and was situated in the centre of the old territory
of Cliu Mail. It was dedicated to St. Athanasius. There
are many references to this locality and church ; for
instance, in 1274-1277, the parish of Anedes was fined
^4 IDS. for the escape of a criminal from its church.
The church was robbed by John Staloun, 13 18. In
1343, Eliza de Milton, as widow of Walter de Berming-
ham, claimed one-third of the Athnedes. Richard

1 Life of Petrie by Stokes, p. 189. This letter was also addressed
to Earl of Dunraven.

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 25/

RoUey (Raleigh) is mentioned as holding the manor
and advowson of Athnedes. The old ruin was situated
near Elton Bridge, and the site is marked by a grave-
yard.

Ecdesia de Kilbride Maior, Rectoria Vicaria special ad
■presentacionem Odonis de Lees.

(The church of Kilreedy Major, rectory and vicarage,
the presentation belongs to Odonis de Lacy.) It was
dedicated to St. Brigid, ist February. The ruins of
the old church are very dilapidated, only parts of the
south and west walls standing.

Ecclesia Imlaghdrynyn Rector Thesaurariiis presentat
Vicar itim.

Emly Grenan, the Treasurer, is rector and presents
the vicar. (See 1201 list.)

Rectoria ecclesie de Kylfinan abbas de Insula Molanfaid
habet vicarium qucm presentat heres Domini George
de Rupe.

(The rectory of the church of Kilfinnane belongs to
the abbot of the island of Molanfaid (an island in the
river Blackwater near Youghal), and hath a vicar which
the heir of George Roche presents.) The Protestant
church now occupies the ancient site. It was dedi-
cated to St. Andrew, 30th of November.

Rectoria de Balymolruian, spectat ad Mensam episcopi.

(Rectory of Balmolruian belongs to the bishop's
table.) The site is now unknown.

Capella Martini cujiis donacio spectat ad.

(Chapel Martin.) This chapel was situated
in the townland of Ballycullane, and dedicated to

s

2^8 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

St. Martin, November nth. It is sometimes called
Ardkilmartin in the liberties of Kilmallock.

Ecclesia de Kyllin.

(The church of KylHn now Kilfiin.) It is called Catan
alias Killin in the list of 1615. The Protestant church
is built on the ancient sites

Ecclesia sive particula de Sithcathyl.
Now unknown.

Ecclesia de Darmocho quae est ahhatis de Insula Molanfaid,
Eps. presentat Vicarium.
(The church of Darmocho (= Darac, abounding in
oaks, and Mochua, a saint's name) now Darragh, rector
the abbot Molanfaid ; the bishop presents the vicar.)
The old church consisted of a nave and choir, the former
sixty and one-half feet by twenty-three, the latter
twenty-seven feet by seventeen. Part of the gables are
still standing. It was dedicated to St. Mochua, 3rd of
August.

Ecclesia de Ardpatrick habet Vicarium.
(The church of Ardpatrick hath a vicar.) (See 1201
list.)

Ec. Kyldonayn.
This church is unknown.

Ecclesia Downgandmon ct Dongrith cujus presentacio
special ad heredem Oteway.

(The church of Downgandmon and Dongrith, the
presentation of which belongs to the heirs of Oteway.)
This church was supposed to be in the parish of Particles.

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 259

Capclla Martele.

(Chapel Mortell.) It was situated in the townland
of Mortelstown.

Ecclesia de Ballygady cujus presentacio spectat ad heredem
Rochefort. Hahet vicarium.

(The church of BalHngaddy the presentation of which
pertains to the heir of Rochefort. It hath a vicar.)
Baileangadaide the townland of the thief locally re-
membered as O'Dwane. A part of the church still
remains which shows that it was divided into nave
and choir.

Ecclesia de Kilbride Minor.

(The church of Kilbreedy Minor.) This church was
near Kilmallock, and dedicated to St. Brigid, ist
February. A portion of the ruins of this church still
remains.

Ecclesia de Hakmys alias Kylcommyn.

(The church of Hackmys otherwise Kilcommyn.)
It is written also Kilcoyn alias Hacknis in the hst of 1615.

The earliest form of the name of this church is Kil-
comgan, which occurs in the list of 1201. Kilcomgan
means the church of St. Comgan or Congan as he is
variously called. He is mentioned in the Irish and
Scotch calendars 1 at 13th October, and is supposed to
have hved in the eighth century. Kilcommyn or Kil-
common, with its phonetic equivalent Kilchoan 2
(Kilquane) and Kilconegan are only different forms of
Kilcomgan which enables us to trace the historv of this
church.

1 See O'Hanlon's Lives of Irish Saints, 13th October.

2 Reeves' edition of Adamnan's Life of Columba, p. 420, note.

260 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

In 1240,1 Hubert, bishop of the diocese, entered int»
an agreement with G. Pendergaste regarding the advowson
of this church, and in that document it is written
Kilconegan.

In the taxation of 1302 we find a portion of the
possessions of this church set down as belonging to
Kilpeacon, and the name written Kilcomyn. In the
same hst the vicarage of this church is mentioned as
belonging to the prebend of St. Munchin, and is there
written Kilkoan, value 21s. 6^d. This vicarage is also
given under the deanery of Kilmallock, and has the
same value, a coincidence sufficient to show they are
the same.

In the taxation of 1306, it is written Kilcoylan, and
there is no reference to the portions of it belonging to
Kilpeacon and St. Munchin' s. In this list of 14 18,
Kilcomgayn is mentioned as belonging to St. Munchin's.
Kilpeacon also in this list has its portion under the name
of Hakinys, while it is mentioned under the deanery
of Kilmallock as Hakinys alias Kylcommyn.

In the hst of 1615, the prebend of St. Munchin had
the rectory of Kilcloyn and Kilconegan, which may be
taken as equivalent to the rectory and vicarage of
Kilquane. In this list also Kilpeacon is mentioned as
still retaining its portion of Kilquane under the name
of Kilcoyn alias Hacknis.

Rev. Jasper White's list^ gives the church of Keil-
chuain. The chapel of Keilchoimogan alias Keilng-
hongue as belonging to the prebend of St. Munchin,
and the chapel of Keilcoyne alias Hakins as belonging
to the prebend of Kilpeacon. In his list of the benefices
attached to the dignities of the diocese, he mentions
St. Munchin's as possessing the rectory of Keilnochon

1 Black Book, p. 104

2 See Lenihan's History of Limerick, pp. 55S-565.

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 261

or Keilineunghe, which I take to mean the rectory of
Kilcloyn as given in 1615 Ust and the chapel of Keilchio-
mogan evidently Kilconegan.

The prebend of Kilpeacon had attached to it the
rectory of the chapel of Keilcuain of Aghennis, which
is evidently Kilquane of Hackins, erroneously placed by
White in the deanery of Limerick, and in the parish of
Fedamore. Probably he thought that as it was joined
to Kilpeacon, and it should be somewhere near it.

From this we may conclude that Kilcomgan was in
early times a benefice, a portion of which was added to
the prebend of Kilpeacon, and the vicarage to St.
Munchin's. Later on the rectory and vicarage were
attached to St. Munchin's which would now be included
in the parish of Kilquane. The ruins of this church
are situated at the foot of Caher, and had a nave and
choir, the former measures thirty-eight by twenty-two
and a-half feet, and the latter fourteen feet long. There
was a small door to the north side of the middle gable
with double lintel and inclined jambs. The portion of
Kilquane attached to Kilpeacon may be that place
marked on the Ordnance Map between the parishes
of Effin and Colman's Well, and still bearing the
name of Hakmys. There is also marked the site of
an old church which may have been the chapel of
Haknis.

Ecclcsia de Cluaincourtha.
(The church of Colman's Well.) (See 1201 Ust.) A
good deal of the old church is still standing but
featureless.

Ecclesia de Ardmafarlanc spectat Mensam Episcopi.
(Ardmafarlane belongs to the bishop's table.) (See
1201 list.)

262 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Ecclesia de Balytankard Priorissa de.
(The church of Tankardstown.) It gives its name to
a parish, and belonged to some convent the name of
which cannot now be deciphered. A few fragments of
the old church remain.

Ecclesia de Browrye, Decanus Rector presentat Vicarium
(The church of Bruree ; the dean is rector and
presents the vicar.) (See 1201 list.)

Ecclesia Baly sward, Decanus Rector et presentat Vicarium.
(The church of Howardstown ; the dean is rector
and presents the vicar.) This church was called some-
times Culballysward, and is now known as Coolen, and
situated in the north part of the townland of Howards-
town near the west bank of the Maigue. In the year
1284, Alex Godfred of Anud (Anhid) granted the townland
of Howardstown to John de Sanford, Archbishop of
Dubhn, to which bishopric it had formerly been granted
by Hamo de Valoignes, Lord of Askeaton, about the
beginning of the thirteenth century. It was taken
unjustly from John Dondon by M. Fitzgerald in 1289.
John, son of Peter Daundon, broke into and robbed
the church in 1318. The old church is seventy-three
feet four inches by twenty-two feet three inches ; a
portion of the walls are still standing.

Ecclesia de Athlackach ad Rectoriam ci Vicariam presentat
Comes Kyldairc.

(The church of Athlacca (Flaggyford) ; the Earl of
Kildare presents to the rectory and vicarage.) The
Protestant church is built on the ancient site. It was
dedicated to St. John the Baptist. There is another

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 263

church called Kilbruainy in the townland of Tullerboy.
It is forty-five feet by twenty ; fragments of the walls
still remain. Broney's Well is near it. The chapel and
well of St. Lawrence were also in this parish.

Ec. Drommynd Com. Kyld. pres. ad Rec. et Vic.

(The church of Dromin ; the Earl of Kildare presents
to the rectory and vicarage.) It was dedicated to the
Blessed Trinity. Trinity Well hes to the south-west in
the townland of Ballynamuddagh. The old ruin is
fifty feet by twenty feet two inches, the walls are thirteen
feet by two and a-half feet. At the west end are to be
seen the remains of the priest's residence.

Ecclesia dc Iwyrgear et Wrygdy Rector Priorissa de
Teagmolynd.

(The church of Uregare and of Wrygdy, rector the
prioress of Teagmolynd.) The old ruin has disappeared,
but the graveyard marks the spot where it stood.
Uregare = Tubhar gearra, the short ewe (Donovan).
The church was dedicated to St. Margaret. Wr\^gdy
seemed to be more important in the early part of the
thirteenth century, as it was the name of one of the
Earl of Kildare's manors. The old church was near
Ballygrinnane castle to the south.

Ecclesia de Burgh, Rector ibidem Magister Hospitalis de
Any.

(The church of Bruff ; rectory belongs to the master
or prior of the Hospitallers of Any.) The Protestant
church is built on the ancient site. It was dedicated
to St. Peter of Alexandria, 26th November.

Ecclesia de Tulagbrck Prehenda.
(The church of Tullabracky a prebend.) (See 1201 hst.)

264 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Capella dc Camus spcctat ad monasterium de May ct
debent presentare preshiterum sccularem episcopi
singulis annis et episcopus hahct jurisdictionem super
populares ibidem et super presbiterum.

(The chapel of Camus pertains to the monastery of
Monasteranenagh which is bound to present a secular
priest every year to the bishop, and the bishop has
jurisdiction over the people and the priest.) There is
no trace of the original building, but a graveyard marks
the spot.

Ecclesia de Glcnorge, Rector Prior dc Athisscll ct prescntat
Vicarium.

(The church of Glenogra ; rectory belongs to the
prior of Athissell who presents the vicar.) Glenogra
(Glenogra, the glen of Orgra, pagan chief [O'Donovan] )
was dedicated to St. Nicholas, December 6th. The old
ruin is near the castle of the same name, and is sixty-
nine feet long by twenty-one and a-half wide. There
was a side wing attached to the south side of this church
measuring twenty-nine and a-half feet by twenty, and
perhaps was added for the accommodation of the lord
of the castle. The chapel 1 of St. Kyran was attached
to this church.

Decanus de Adare
(The Deanery of Adare.)

Ecclesia ipsa Adare cujus Rector ia special ad monasterium
et conventum ordinis Sancti Trinitatis ct Vicarium
prescntat Comes Kyldare.
(The church of Adare; the rectory belongs to the

monastery of the Trinitarians (of that town). The Earl

1 See White's List in Lenihan's History of Limerick.

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 265

■of Kildare presents the vicar.) This church was dedi-
cated to St. Nicholas. It consisted of a nave and chancel,
the former fifty feet by twenty-five, the latter thirty-one
feet by seventeen. It was in good repair in 1615, and
used as the Protestant church down to the beginning
of the last century.

Ecclesia de Kyllonochon de Prchcnda hahet Vicarium.

(The church of Killonahan belongs to a prebend,
and hath a vicar.) In the townlands of Corrabul,
Killasragh, and Ballybronoge there were old churches
which have disappeared. There was also one in
Garranroe ; the site is marked by a burial-ground.

Ecclesia de Killynatan vcndicahatur per Prehendariuni de

Kylhekan sed fuit in manu episcopi et non solvit

Procurationes.

(The church of Killeenoghty was claimed by the

prebend of Kilpeacon, but was in the possession of the

bishop (see 1201 list) and did not pay Proxy.)

Ecclesia de Crommoth, Rectoriam et Vicariam prcsentat
Comes Kyldare.
(The church of Croom, rectory and vicarage presen-
tation belonged to the Earl of Kildare.) The Protestant
church is built on the old site.

Capella Drumasscyll special ad Ecclesiam de Crommoth
solvit procurationem per se.
(The chapel of Drumassal belongs to the church of
Croom and pays Proxy by itself.) Knockdrumassail
was the ancient name of Tory Hill, and the ruin near
the south-west of the hill was this chapel.

266 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Capella Say non solvit procurationem sed debet habere
unum capellarimn.
(The chapel of Say does not pay Proxy, but ought
to have a chaplain.) Say is another name for Caherass.
The ruins of this church stand near the bank of the
Maigue, and are thickly overgrown with ivy.

Ec. Dolyth est de Rectoria de Crommoth.
(The chapel of Dollas belongs to the rectory of Croom.)
The site of this chapel is forgotten in the townland of
that name.

Ec. Ville Trostany de eadem Rectoria habet Vicarium.

(The church of the Ville of Trostany (from Triston a
family name) belongs to the rectory of Croom, and hath
a vicar.) In the list of 1615, Dunnaman is given as another
name for this church, and is the one by which it is known
at present. It consisted of a nave and choir, the former
measures, internally, forty-three feet by twenty-one, and
the latter twenty-three feet by sixteen. The walls are
of rough masonry, the doors and windows are of dressed
sandstone. It is locally called Teampul na Trionoide
or the church of the Trinity.

Prebcnda de Prebenda Disert Engussa.
(The prebend of Dysert.) (See 120 1 list.) The chapel
of Meranus,! about two miles east of Kilmacow church,
belonged to Dysert, and an indulgence was granted to all
contributing to the repair of this chapel, which was
destroyed by frequent wars.

Prebenda de AtJinyd est Episcopi.
(The prebend of Anhid belongs to the bishop.) (See
1201 list.)'

1 See Papal Letters (State Paper Series).

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE- 26/

Ec. Drohidtarsna de Prehenda St. Munchini habet Vicarium.
(The church of Drohidtarsna belongs to the prebend
of St. Munchin, and hath a vicar.) The Protestant church
is built on the old site.

Ec. Gleande Ec. Monehuryn Iste II. Ecclesie dicunUir
Kylcurnan.

(Gleande and Monehuryn. These two churches are
called Kylcurnan (Kilcornan).) In a return of the First
Fruits in 1427, Cleaneagga is given as an alias for
Kylcurnan, which shows that Kilcurnan and Gleande
are one and the same church. Monehuryn cannot now
be identified, but in the parish there is an old church
called Cowpark, a very modern name perhaps ; this
may be the old church of Monehuryn.

Capella Russell citjiis ■presentatio special ad Comitcm
Kyldare.

(Chapel Russell ; the presentation belongs to the
Earl of Kildare.) This is a small parish made up of
three townlands including the village of Pallaskenry.
The present Protestant church is built on the old site.

Ecclesia Castri Roherli et Capella de Kylkyrylle special
ad Rector em et Vicarium de Alhdare et dehcnt habere.
Capallanos.

(The church of Castle Robert and the chapel of Kilcurly
belong to the rector and vicar of Adare, and ought
to have chaplains.) The church of Castle Robert was
situated in the south of the parish of Adare. The ruins
of this church and the castle of the same name were
pulled down, about the end of the eighteenth century,
to build a bridge across the Maigue. Kylkyrylle (see
1201 hst).

200 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Prchenda de Ballycathan.
(The prebend of Ballycahane.) (See 1201 list.)

Ec. Cluaynany Red. sp. ad Rec. de Crommoth et hahet Vicar.
(The church of Cloonanna, a rectory belonging to the
rectory of Croom, and hath a vicar.) The ruins of this
old church stand on a rising ground commanding a
pleasant prospect on the east bank of the Maigue, and
to the north of Adare parish. A few fragments of the
old church still remain.

Ecclesia de Kyldohhain spcdat ad Cathcdralem.
(The church of Killgobbin belongs to the cathedral.)
(See 1201 list.)

Ec. Kyldyma ei Kyldacolum que est Prebenda Archdiaconi
et hahet Vicarium.

(The churches of Kildimo and Kildacolum form the
archdeacon's prebend and hath a vicar.) (See 1201 list.)

Prebenda Ardcathny hahet Vicarium.

(The prebend of Ardcanny hath a vicar.) (See 1201
list.)

Decanatus de Garth

(The Deanery of Ballingarry).
Unacum Capella de Crouiman
(With one chapel, Cromman.)

Cromman was a part of the manor of Mahoonagh
in 1288. According to Peyton it was a parish, and
called Aglassnegroman, and would correspond with the
district of Feohanagh. The ruins of this old church are
situated in the townland of Appletown, and a few
fragments of the old building remain. It is locally
known as Auglish.

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 269

Ec. Garth, Rector abbas de Kcynesham et prescntat Vic-
carium. Habct capellas de Senboih ct Kylmocho in
quibus dcbcnt Capillani Ministrare.

(The church of Garth (BaUingarry), rector the abbot
of Keynesham (Somersetshire, England), who presents the
vicar. It has two chapels, Senboth and Klymocho, in
which two chaplains ought to officiate.)

BaUingarry church. — A part of this old church still
remains, viz., a portion of the east gable and two round
headed windows. It was dedicated to St. Evanjanus,
August ist. Senboth (old hut, now written Shanavoha)
is situated in the townland of Granagh or Ballinleeny.
The walls of the old ruin are nearly levelled with the
ground.

Kylmocho. — Kilmacow church is in the townland of
the same name. It was dedicated to St. Colman,
29th October. It was fifty-eight feet long by eighteen
feet three inches wide, and is considered a very old church.
The greater part of the fabric is still standing.

Ec. Corkmohid, Rector est ccclesia Cathedra/is prcsentat
Vicarium. Habct duas capellas Dromcolkylle et
Moyatha in quibus debent duo capellani ministrare.

(The church of Corcomohid, a rectory belonging to
the cathedral church, and presents the vicar. It has
two chapels, Dromcollogher and Moyatha, in which
there ought to be officiating chaplains.) The ruins of
the old church are situated in the demesne of Castle-
town Conyers, and was dedicated to the Purification of
the Blessed Virgin, 2nd February. It was about one
hundred and twenty feet by twenty-nine feet nine inches,
internally, and is still in a fair state of preservatior.

Dromcollogher (see 1201 list).

Moyatha. — This church is often mentioned before
the Reformation, and must be the church of a district.

270

DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

I think it must be the old name for Kilmeedy, as it is
mentioned for the first time in the confiscations of
EUzabeth as Kilmeedy, and would be the only one
answering to Moyatha, and Moyatha may be a cor-
ruption of Moida, my Ida or Ita, St. Ita.

Ec. Cluaincreame Rectoria Archdiaconi pres. Vic.

(The church of Cloncrew, rector the archdeacon who
presents the vicar.) (See 1201 hst.)

Ecclesia dc Moytawnach special ad prescntalioncm Comilis
Desmond el hahet Vicarimn.

(The church of Mahoonagh, the presentation pertains
to the Earl of Desmond and hath a vicar.) (See 1201 list.)

MAHOONAGH CHURCH.

Ecclesia de Cluainelly special Commuiiitalem.

(The church of Clonelty belongs to the dean and
chapter.) (See 1201 list.)

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 27I

Ec. Magrayny alias Kyltcanych special ad Communitatem.
(The church of Magrayny, otherwise Kiltanna, be-
longs to the dean and chapter.) The site of this church is
pointed out in the townland of Kiltanna, parish of Clonelty.

Ec. Cluaincalh special ad Communilalem.
(The church of Cloncagh belongs to the dean and
chapter.) Bishop Hubert granted it to the cathedral
sometime before the year 1250 for the purchase and repair
of books and vestments of that church. (See 1201 list.)

Ecclesia de Crock prehenda habel vicarium cl special ad
presenlationem Comilis Desmond.
(The church of Croagh is a prebend, and hath a vicar.
The presentation belongs to the Earl of Desmond.) This
old church is often mentioned in the thirteenth century
under the name Mayncroo, and hath a chapel Lismuck
now Lisn amuck. The ruins of the old church of Croagh
are to be seen near the present village of that name.
The church was cruciform in shape, and had been used
as a Protestant church.

Kylmc Clitnane, Recloria esl prehenda Decani presenlat
Vicarium.
(Kylmc Cluane (Cappagh), rectory belonging to the pre-
bend of the dean who presents the vicar.) (See 1201 list.)

Ecclesia de Cluainchener est de prehenda Cancellarii et
presenlat ihi Vicarium.
(The church of Clonshire is of the prebend of the
chancellor who presents the vicar.) (See 1201 list.)

Ec. Kylnafynygy, Recloria esl prehenda Decani el prcsenlal
Vicarium.
(The church of Kilfinny, a rectory belonging to the
prebend of the dean who presents the vicar.) (See
1201 hst.)

272 diocese of limerick.

Decanatus de Ardaciia

(The Deanen^ of Ardagh).

Ec. Ar dacha Prehenda Archidiaccom.

(The church of Ardagh, the prebend of the arch-
deacon.) (See I20I hst.)

Ec. de Nova Grangia Monialium.

(The church of New Grange belongs to the nuns.)
The ruins of this church are about one hundred yards
cast of the river Deel, and about the same distance
north of the road leading from Newcastle West to
Knockaderry. The ruin is in a fair state of preservation,
measuring about sixty-two feet by twenty-one, the walls
are twelve feet high and three feet two inches thick.
It belonged to the nuns of St. Catherine's, nov/ Old Abbey,
near Shanagolden.

Ec. de Novo Castro, Rector et Vicarius presentantur per
Comitem Desmond.

(The church of Newcastle (West), rector and vicar
are presented by the Earl of Desmond.) This old
church was situated at Churchstown, but the present
ruin seems to be a post-Reformation building, and
built on the site of the ancient one. It was dedicated
to St. David, ist March, whose well is near the church-
yard. Stephen de Clynton was rector of this church
in the year 1326.

Ec. Rathcathill, Rector et Vicarius presentantur per
Comitem Dcs)nond.

(The church of Rathcahill, rector and vicar
are presented by the Earl of Desmond.) Rathcahill
first occurs in the hst of 1302, and is set down

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 273

as burned in 1306. Perhaps after the burning the
new church was built in the townland of Monagay,
still retaining the official name of Rathcahill, but as
time went on, especially in the fifteenth century, it is
always written in the return of the First Fruits as
Rathcahill alias Monagay. The latter name prevailed,
as it is the one by which the church and parish were
exclusively known, even before the Reformation. It
may be remarked that in the Penal days the Catholic

MONAGAY CHURCH.

church was removed to Rathcahill, and is written Rath-
cahill parish in Catholic documents of that sad period:
In the beginning of the last century it was again removed
back to Monagay where the parish church stands beside
the old ruin, and the parish is now known by the old
name of Monagay, or more correctly, Monagea (the
bog of the geese). The old ruin is in a fair state of
preservation, and measures eighty-seven feet by twenty-
seven and a-half.

274 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

The window in the east gable has two cinque-foil
headed lights with a square hood and round splay arch.
The shaft has long since disappeared. In the south
wall and near the eastern gable is a window like the
east one, but has a flat splay arch. Near the western
gable there were two doorways facing each other in the
side walls, but now defaced. In the north wall there
are two windows, one in the middle ogee headed light
the other further east and oblong shaped. White gives
the chapel of Rathcahill with this church, evidently
making two churches out of the one on the principle
already remarked.

Ec. Killedy, Prcbcnda et prcscntat Vicarium.

(The church of Kileedy, the prebendary presents the
vicar.) (See St. lid's Life.)

Capella Kyllayleach et Capclla Dromcathmeach in montihiis
spedat ad Rathcahill.

(The chapel of Killilagh and the chapel of Dromcath-
meach in the mountains belong to Rathcahill.) Killilagh
was the church for the detached portion of the parish
near the village of Broadford. This church is given in
the hst of 1302, but has long since disappeared. The
place where it stood is still pointed out near the village
of Broadford, and used for a burial-ground for unbap-
tized children. Dromcathmeach it is also written
Dromachill. It may be another name for Temple-
glantin near the borders of Abbeyfeale parish. The old
ruin is about seventy feet long by thirty wide, about
six or seven feet of the walls still remain. Of late years
it is much used as a burial-ground by the inhabitants
of the Tournafulla district.

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 275

Capclla Mauricii alias Rathronain spcdat ad presentationem
Thome Oige.

(Chapel Maurice, otherwise Rathronan, the presen-
tation belongs to Thomas Oige.) This old church formerly
stood about a mile north of Ardagh a little to the east
of the Shanagolden road. The Protestant church of
that name now occupies the old site.

Ec. Donergismachmore alias Eaglas Montin.

(The church of Derrenmoymore, otherwise Eglas
Montin 1 (Mointin), e.g., the church of the little bog.)
In the first name we recognize Magmore of the 1201
list. The ruins of this old church is now called Tempi e-
athea. It was a large oblong building. The portion
of the walls now remaining are featureless. White's
MS. makes two churches out of this one.

Ec. Killocholiathan special ad Priorcm el convenlum de
Kellys el habel vicarium ct secundum anliquos rolulos
fuil de decanalus de Ardagh nunc de Garlh.

(The church of Killagholehan = Kill aca liathain,
O'Liathain's field (O'Donovan), belongs to the Prior
of Kells (in Ossory), was formerly in the deca-
nate of Ardagh, now in Garth or Ballingarry.) (See
1201 Hst.)

Glounore.

This church is in the parish of Monagay, and is not
mentioned in any list. It is locally known as Temple na
hinghine-Baoit, evidently called after the Dalcassian saint,
daughter of Baoith, patroness of Kilnaboy, near Inchiquin
Lake, Co. Clare. It measures sixty-seven feet by eighteen
-and a-half , and a good deal of the walls are still standing.

1 See Joj'ce's Ii-ish Names of Places, ist series, p. 468.

276 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

It was surrounded by a mound or ditch which was
levelled some years ago. The field on which it is built
was tilled, and during the process a paved passage
was found leading from the door towards Glenquin
castle. It may have been a chapel of ease for the
occupant of that baronial pile.

Decanatus de Rathgell

(The Deanery of Rathkeale).

Eci Rathgell Prehenda Cancellarii unacum cap. de
Kilcoleman superiori.

(The church of Rathkeale belongs to the prebend of
the chancellor, has one chapel, Kilcolman superior.)
The Protestant church occupies the site of this old
church. It was dedicated to the Holy Trinity. Kil-
colman superior is situated in the townland of that name
near Knockaderry hill, and is often confounded with
Kilcolman inferior, which is between Dunmoylan and
Ardagh. The church has almost disappeared, but there
is a large grave3^ard there.

Ec. Kylscannill, Cancellarius Rector presentat Vicarhwu

(The church of Kilscannell, the chancellor is rector
and presents the vicar.) (See 1201 list.)

Ec. Cloai7ieach Cane. Red. in ftodo laico Prec. in feodo
ecclesiastico habet Vicarium.

(The church of Clonagh hath a vicar ; the chancellor
is rector in the la}^ tenure, and the precentor in the
ecclesiastical tenure.) (See 1201 list.)

Ec. Nantenan Prehenda Precentoris.

(The church of Nantinan belongs to the prebend of
the precentor.) (See 1201 list.)

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 277

Ec. Rathnascr est capclla Prcccntoris.

(The church of Rathnaseer, chapel of the precentor.)
The ruin is in a fair state of preservation and is con-
sidered an early church.) (See 1201 list.)

Ec. de Innkcfti que spedat ad Abbatem de Keynesha:n
quoad Rectoriam, et presentat ibi Vicarium et habet
capcUam de Orossa in quam deservit capellanus.

(The church of Askeaton ; rector, the abbot of Ke3mes-
hain, who presents the vicar, has the chapel of Orossa
where a chaplain officiates.) The church of Askeaton is
near the town on the east bank of the Deel, and has the
remains of an old belfry still standing which is square
below and octagonal above ; the east of the chancel is
also standing.

Ec. de Lismactire que est integralis et spectat ad presen-
tacionem Lees de Garth.

(The church of Lismakerry, which is entire ; the
presentation belongs to Lees or Lacy of Ballingarry.)
This church is built on an eminence and commands
an extensive view. It also belonged to Keynesham,
and at the time of the confiscations of monasteries,
passed as a part of its possessions to Sir R. Boyle,
1603. This is considered a fifteenth-century church,
measuring fifty-nine feet by twenty-two and a-half.
It is in a fair state of preservation. In 1615 this
church was in good repair, and well supplied with
books and other necessaries.

Ec. de Drundele Prebenda Precentoris et Vicarium
presentat.

(The church of Tomdeely belongs to the prebend of
the precentor who presents the vicar.) (See 1201 Hst.)

78 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Ec. Castro Robto. Downdonill cujus presentacio spectai ad
M. Seoin Oge.

(The church of Castle Robert Doondonnell ; the pre-
sentation belongs to M. Seoin Oge.) The ruins of this
church are situated about one mile west of Rathkeale.
It measures about forty-five feet by twenty-one and a
half. The gables have long since fallen, but there is
about twenty-six feet of the north wall remaining, two
defaced windows, and a pretty round arched door. It
was dedicated to St. Mary Magdalen, and beside it is a
well dedicated to St. Molua.

A document called the Registry of Clonmacnoise
contains an account of the various lands granted to that
monastery by several proiincial kings and principal
chieftains as a purchase for the right of sepulture for
themselves and their descendants within its hallowed
precincts. The following notice of Doondonnell occurs
in it. After mentioning MacCarthy More's grant it
mentions that : —

There 1 was discord between Gerald-n-corn from whom
the Geraldines are descended and Macarthy More, that the
said Gerald took the choice place of MacCarthy in Temple
Finyn in Cluain, and had given for the same in Dun Domnall
(Doondonnell) in Conallaghe (Connelloe), six days there
and six days given by Rydalagh to the church of Dun
Donmall in Ridelogh his own town (Riddlestown), so that
there are twelve days in Dun Domnall east and west, and
the head of a mill and the great island (in the Deel) in
Mortmaine to the said church, and ye part of the water
weares belonging to ye great island is the black weare, and
in the parish of Dun Domnall there are but six quarters
or six plowlands, and the whole doth belong to ye church,
together with all kind of tithe in those sexe plowlands, and

f 1 See Petrie's Round Towers, p- 269.

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE.

279

also ye baptising ; and the said Gerald paid of his own part
of Ach Dara (Adare) four fat beeves, and 48 dales in Kill-
cluayn, whereof there are 4 dales in Bregoig, and 48 dales
in Darire, and 48 dales In Killcynyl, and 48 dales in Kill
Drochayle, and sixe dales in Croomaigh (Croom), and the
baptising, together with the tithes of the town of Croomaigh,
and Gerald gave this in Mortmaine to ye church called
Teample Finyn in Clualn (Clonmacnolse).

When this grant was made it is not easy to determine-
It would seem to be before the thirteenth century, as
Doondonnell was in the possession of Keynsham before
the year 1237. The castle was sometimes called Harold's
Castle, whence Cloghnarld, a name by which the church
is known in some documents as we shall see later on.

Ec. Kilhradran cujus Rector Prior de Athissell prcsentat
Vicariiun.

(The church of Kilbradran ; rector, the prior of
Athissell, who presents the vicar. The ruins of this

KILBRADRAN CHURCH.

280 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

old church are near the hill of the same name, and are
in a fair state of preservation. It originally consisted
of a nave and choir. The nave is thirty-five feet by
seventeen feet eight inches, and the walls about fourteen
feet by two and a-half. In the south wall near the
western gable there is a round-headed door and a plain
window in the same wall further east. The choir as well
as the choir arch have long since disappeared. This
church was granted to Athissell early in the thirteenth
century, as it was recovered by the bishop about 1253,
and regranted again to that monastery. It was dedi-
cated to St. Brendan, i6th of May.

Ec. Kilcolmain inferior cujus rector idem Prior et prcsentat
ibi Vicarium.

(The church of Kilcolman inferior ; rector, the prior
of Athissell, who presents the vicar.) This church, like
Kilbradran, belonged to the monastery of Athissell,
and was surrendered at the same time, and again re-
granted to the monastery. Both are mentioned as part
of its possessions at the confiscation of monasteries in
Ireland. The old ruin is now in a very dilapidated
condition, only parts of the side walls are standing.
St. Colman's well is at the north side of the hill neatly
walled in where rounds are paid. The feast is celebrated
on the 29th of October.

Ec. Downmoylin cujus Rector Moniales presentat Vicarium.

(The church of Dunmoylan ; rector, the nuns, who
present the vicar.) There is only one side wall of this
old church standing, but from the fragments of cut stone
that are lying near the ruin it must have had a pointed
doorway. It belonged to the monastery of St. Catherine
near Shanagolden, now known as " Old Abbey." In
former times it was used as a burial-ground.

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 281

Ec. Dissert Marigeoi de Prcb. Prcccntoris.
(The church of Dysert Marigeoi (Morgans) belongs to
the prebend of the precentor.) (See 1201 hst.)

Capclla Minit spectat ad Communitatem.
(The chapel of Minit belongs to the dean and
•chapter.) It was situated somewhere near Tomdeely,
but its site is now forgotten.

Ec. de Castro Rohcrti Goer, Rccioria ct Vicaria.

(The church of Robert Goer, rectory and vicarage.)
This church is now known as Robertstown, and gives its
name to a parish. The old ruin is a late building,
thirty-seven feet by nineteen and a-half, has a pointed
■door, defaced windows, and the side walls are about
fourteen feet high. It takes its name from Robert Goer,
who settled down there early in the thirteenth century.
The prioress of St. Catherine's had the presentation of
the vicar to this church, but failed to present Norman
Fitzrichard in 1306.

Ec. Scanguala Prchenda Prcccntoris prescntat Vicarium.

(The church of Shanagolden belongs to the prebend

of the precentor who presents the vicar.) (See 1201 list.)

Ec. Leankail pars Prchcnde Prcccntoris.
(The church of Loughill, part of the prebend of the
precentor.) (See 1201 hst.)

Ec. Kilfeargnssa in feodo laico spectat ad Communitatem
in feodo Ecclesiastico ad preccntorem ct prescntat Vicarium.

(The church of Kilfeargussa (Glin) in the lay tenure
belongs to the chapter, in the ecclesiastical tenure to the
precentor, who presents the vicar.)

282 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Ec. Kilmolan Red. Comima et prcsentat Vicarium.

(The church of Kilmoylan ; rector, the " common
fund.") This church is situated in the east end of the
parish of that name. It is a small modern building,
measuring thirty-five feet by eighteen. The door is
of hammered stones with flat lintel resting on corbels.

Kyllmurille Red. in feodo laico Communitatem in feodo
Ecclesiastico presentoris presentat Vicarium.

(The church of Kilmurrily ; rector, in lay tenure the
chapter, and in ecclesiastical tenure the precentor, who
presents the vicar.) (See 1201 list.)

Ec, Iniscathigh.
The history of this church will be given later on.

Churches not mentioned in this list but belonging
to the Deanery : —

The church of Shanid was granted to the cathedral
by Thomas Fitzgerald sometime before 1250. The site
of this church is still pointed out in the townland of
Waterpark near the old castle.

There was a chapel in Achinis Island, according to
White, but now no trace of it is to be found.

Knockpatrick.

The ruins of this church are situated on the top of
the hill of that name overlooking Foynes. A part of
the old building still remains.

This list gives a fair idea of the number of parochial
churches that were in the diocese, and the system of
organization that prevailed at the time it was compiled.

At the Synod of Rathbreasail, as we have already
seen, the system of church government in IrelandJ]was

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 283

brought more or less into conformity with that of the
Continent, and the moving spirit in effecting the change
was Gillebert, Bishop of Limerick, who, no doubt, im-
mediately introduced it into his own diocese. At the
Synod of Cashel (1172) there is reference made to paro-
chial churches, which proves that, at least before the
coming of the Normans, there was some s^^stem
corresponding to the parochial one in existence. The
churches in the Hst of 1201 were undoubtedly district or
parochial churches, which were endowed by the Celtic
chiefs after the Celtic fashion.

Tithes.

When the Normans gained possession of the lands
of the diocese, they acquired a certain dominion over
the churches called patronage, which was extensively
used in favour of the monasteries. They also enforced
the system of paying tithes, which meant that the in-
habitants of a parish had to pay to the maintenance of
the church, the tenth of the produce of the soil, as well
as the tenth of the capital skill and industry of the
occupant. 1

This tax was divided into the great and small tithes,
the former consisted of the tithes of corn of all kind,
hay and wood — the latter of those flax, hemp, fruit,
herbs, personal industry, and such Hke. The spiritual
person who enjoyed the great tithes was called the rector,
and his portion the rectorial tithes. He was not
necessarily bound to reside in or discharge any
duty in the parish, but should always be a spiritual
person.

The rector, if he did not himself discharge the duties
of the parish, should provide and present to the bishop

1 See Jacob's Law Dictionary; and Growth of Parish System, by
Dr. Donnelly, Catholic Truth Society, Ireland.

284 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

a clergyman capable of fulfilling the duties, and bound
to residence. He was called vicar, and was in reality
the parish priest. He was put in possession of the less
or vicarial tithes, and was also entitled to the personal
offerings for baptism, marriage, etc. When the rec-
torate of a parish was vested in a religious community
of men or women, such as Kilbradran or Dunmoylan,
and many other parishes in the diocese, the parish was
said to be appropriated, and the religious house had the
privilege of appointing the vicar, who was removable
at will, and often poorly paid. To remedy this evil
an enactment was made in 1392, that in every licence
for the appropriation of a parish church, the vicarage
should be sufiiciently endowed. In 1403 it was decreed
" that from thenceforth, in every church appropriated
there should be a secular clergyman ordained vicar
perpetual, canonically instituted and inducted, and fully
endowed to do divine service, and to inform the people
and to keep hospitality there ; and that no religious
should in any wise be made vicar in any church
appropriated."

This law gave the vicars, who were the actual parish
priests, fixity of tenure, and rendered them irremovable
except for some canonical fault, and a vicarage thus
endowed became a distinct benefice the patronage of
which was vested in the appropriator. This law did
not extend to the appropriations made before 1392,
and thus it happened that no vicar was endowed in some
appropriated churches. In this case the officiating
clergyman was appointed by the appropriator, and called
a perpetual curate. He received his appointment by
virtue of the bishop's licence only, without institution
or induction. Another kind of perpetual curacy arose
from the erection in a parish of a chapel of ease, subject
to the mother church, in which case the pastor of the
mother church was regarded as the appropriator. These

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 285

details will be fully illustrated in the following appoint-
ments to benefices ^ : —

1400 A.D. Denis Eachaerna (Ahern) was appointed
to Ardcahny (Ardcanny), later on in the year Denis
was to be deprived of this canonry for publicly practising
the art of Medicine for money to the opprobrium of
his clerical state. John Fox to Ballegadiff (Ballin-
gaddy). Denis Eachaerna to Kyllfyntynayn (Kilfin-
tenan, popularly known as Cratloe).

1401. Maurice O'Coggran to Derregalwan (Derri-
galvan).

1402. John Chanluayn to Ardcanny. Richard Wyite
(White) to Rathronan. Donald O'Hagan to Kilbradran.

1404. Maurice Coggran, Canon of Lismore, to the
prebend of Tullybrachy (Tullabrachy).

1405. Thomas O'Kealloygth O'Broggy, priest of the
diocese of Killaloe, who studied canon law for several
years, was appointed to Kylchurnan (Kilcornan) and
the prebend of Donaghmore.

Nicholas MacNamara of Kyllstyntanaw (Kilfintenan),
by mandate from the Pope, was collated and assigned
the rectories or parish churches of Bunratty and Quin,
as well as those of Tradey and O'Kassyn, which livings
were formerly held by Matthew MacNamara.

1406. Florence O'Cathail or O'Ruagyn, clerk of the
diocese of Kilfenora, was appointed to the perpetual
vicarage of Kilkyde (Kilkeedy) in the diocese of Limerick,
void by the death of Maurice O'Huallachan.

Wilham O'Dwyer, priest of the diocese of Cashel, was
appointed to the Prebend of Tullabrachy.

1411. Thomas Osyche, priest of the diocese, who
intended studying letters, was promoted to the perpetual

1 These appointments are taken from Bliss, Papal Registers, State
Paper Series.

286 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

vicarage of Killscannell, void because Thomas Caenrach
obtained and held it with an entire rectory in Meath.

Thomas Saleys or Cristour, priest of the diocese, if
found fit in Latin to be appointed to the still void per-
petual vicarage of Garthbiboys (Ballingarry), as it is
doubted whether the presentation, on its voidance by
the death of Thomas Ymalcorka, by its ancient patron
the abbot of St. Mary's Keynsham, in the diocese of
Bathto, and his institution by Bishop Cornelius, held
good.

1413. Thady O'Connuyl to be promoted to Holy
Orders and hold the canonry of Ardcanny, which was
made void by the deposition of Denis O'Hachgearna for
his faults and demerits.

1414. William Russell, clerk of the diocese of Limerick,
was collated and assigned the canonry of Ardcanny,
as Thady died before obtaining possession.

Thomas O'Doncha, priest of the diocese, to the
perpetual vicarage of Kilmallock, void, the death of
John Archer, the dean and chapter of Limerick in ac-
cordance with ancient custom presented Thomas to
Bishop Cornehus who instituted him. The Holy See
doubted the validity of this mode of appointment and
reappoints Thomas.

The Annates or First Fruits.

The Annates or First Fruits was a tax promised
and made payable to the Holy See by all incumbents
of such benefices as were reserved to the Holy See, under
the several Rules and Regulations of the Papal Chancery,
or Apostolic Chamber, as it was legally described. This
subsidy was levied off ecclesiastical benefices worth not
less than 24 florins, and amounted to one-half of the
first year's revenue of the benefice. It was payable
once only, and that six months after the incumbent got

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 287

peaceable possession of the living. If he failed to pay
within the six months, but not through his own fault,
the officials of the Apostolic Chamber gave additional
time for payment, or remitted the whole or part of the
debt according to the needs of the case. If the non-
payment was culpable on the part of the incumbent,
eo ipso, the benefice became void. The manuscript
containing the Register of first fruits is preserved in
the library called Archivio di Stato Romano, situated
in a rather unfrequented street in Rome, and at present
under the care of the Italian Government.

The Very Rev. M. A. Costello, O.P., Rome, has
transcribed the Annates of all the dioceses of Ireland,
which will soon appear in book form. He very kindly
lent me the portion of his manuscript relating to Limerick.
It supplies an amount of new and valuable information
hitherto unknown, and throws a flood of light on many
dark and obscure points of our history.

The following refer to Bishop O'Dea's reign : —

142 1. Nicholas, Abbot of the monastery of Magio
(Monasteranenagh), Cistercian Order, diocese of Limerick,
as principal and private person, bound himself in the
name of Thomas O' Rywrdan (O'Riordan) to the Apostolic
Chamber for the first fruits of the perpetual vicarage
of the parochial church of Corcumhyd (Corcomohide),
same diocese, value 15 marcs, according to common
estimation, vacant by the non-promotion (to Holy
Orders) of Denis Mackynnery (MacEnery).

Dyonisuis Day (O'Dea), Bishop elect of Ossory,
principal, bound himself to the Apostolic Chamber for
the first fruits of the precentorship of Limerick, value
£20, vacant by the promotion of the suppliant.

Robert Holhgan of Cork, principal, bound himself
to the Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits of the
canonry and prebend of Tullabracky, value 26 marcs,

288 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

vacant by the promotion of Richard to the Arclibishopric
of Cashel.

Robert Howgan of Cork, principal, bound himself
to the Apostohc Chamber for the first fruits of the
chancellorship of Limerick, value 50 marcs, vacant by
the death of Thomas Fitzjohn de Geraldinis.

William O'Conyre (Connery), principal, bound himself
to the Apostohc Chamber for the first fruits of the
parochial church of Handeys (Athneasy), value 12 marcs,
vacant by the non-promotion (to Holy Orders) of the
suppliant. Also for the fruits unduly received he bound
himself to pay 16 florins within a year.

William O'Conyre, discretus vir, cleric of the diocese
of Limerick, personally bound himself for the fruits
unduly received from the parochial church of Handeys
(Athneasy), because he held the said church for more
than a year without a dispensation, not being in Holy
Orders. It was valued at 12 marcs, and he bound
himself to pay 16 golden florins for the fruits unduly
received within eight months under pain of excommuni-
cation.

1425. Patrick O'Kyalare (Kelleher), principal, bound
himself to the Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits
of the perpetual vicarage of the parochial church of St.
Mary, Corkymoyhed (Corcomohide), vacant by the
non-promotion (to Holy Orders) of Dionisii MacKeniery.
Evidently Thomas O'Riordan did not obtain possession,

1426. Laurence O'Kaellaygy (O' Kelly), principal,
bound himself to the Apostolic Chamber for the first
fruits of the perpetual vicarage of Seanguala (Shana-
golden), value 8 marcs, vacant by the non-promotion
(to Holy Orders) of Laurence O'Kaellaygy.

John Mothel (1426-1458).
John Mothel, an Augustinian Canon of the abbey of
Kells, Co. Kilkenny, was appointed Bishop of Limerick,

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 289

by provision of Martin V. Very little is known con-
cerning the early years of his episcopate. A record of
two inquisitions that were held at his court at Tullabracy
is still extant. The first was held in the year 1440,1
before Tady O'Cathyl, seneschal of the bishop, with the
following jury : Sehan Mayon, Gog Obochane, Donaldus

, Sehan Pharell, Gyllepatrick O'Griffa, Thomas

O'Kewo, Thadeus O'Hu, Ricuo Howet, relative to
certain charges and concerning unoccupied lands be-
longing to the bishop's property there.

The other inquisition was held in 1447, and presided
over by the bishop himself, assisted by Robert Stancon,
Eoy Obochane, Sehan Pharell, Michael Fyn, Richard
Mcjonyn, Richard Duff, Thomas O'Morvie, Thomas
O'Boggane, Cornelius O'Moryo, William Blowet, who
dispose on their oath, that in whatever way the tenants
of Tullabrackey did work by their horses and cattle for
themselves, they would do likewise for the Bishop of
Limerick.

The province of Munster seems to be in a peaceful
state in 1453, as the bishops of the ecclesiastical province
of Cashel assembled at Limerick and held a synod, at
which many useful laws were made for the benefit of
the Church. Fortunately these laws, numbering 120, are
extant, and furnish incidentally a quaint picture of the
times they refer to.

A synopsis of the most interesting of these decrees ^
is given here : —

(I.) Ordinaries should pay attention and make enquiries
annually how the divine offices are celebrated in their
dioceses, and take care that the Sundays and feast days
should be reverently observed.

1 Black Booh, p. 141.

2 These decrees, in the origmal Latin, will be given in full in the
Appendix.

290 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

(2.) That ministers of churches should say the canonical
hours in their churches on all Sundays and holidays, and
week-days as often as possible. The bell ought to be rung
three times before commencing Mass and the other divine
offices on Sundays and holidays, and also thrice on week-
days, the excommunicated and interdicted are to be ex-
cluded, under pain of a line of 40 pence, payable by the
exorcists and curates to the bishop at the time of his visitation
or to his official. All the faithful are to cease from all civil
works on Sundays and holidays, and come together in the
churches to hear the divine offices under the pain of excom-
munication.

(3.) The parishioners of every parish should have in their
parochial churches, at their own expense, for the proper
celebration of the divine offices and the administration of
the sacraments, a Missal, silver or gilt chalice, an amice,
alb, cincture, maniple, stole, chasuble, surplice, a baptismal
font of stone neatly constructed and well covered, and a
suitable vessel for keeping the chrism for the use of the
sick. The church, in nave and chancel, in roof and walls,
inside and outside, should be well constructed, and kept
clean according to the means of the people, corn and animals
and such things belonging to the laity should be excluded,
and that men and women of whatever description, whether
married or single, should not cohabit therein under pain of
mortal sin and excommunication.^

(4.) Every church should have at least a statue of the
B.V.M. ; a cross and statue of the patron of the church,
also a becoming vessel consecrated for the Body of Christ.

(5.) The cemeteries should be kept clean and walled in
at the expense of the people.

(6.) The excommunicated should be publicly denounced
on all Sundays and holidaj^s by the curates in their churches,
and those contracting incestuous and clandestine marriages
and their abettors, defrauders of legitimate heirs, those

1 Church in these decrees seems to include not only the building,
but the grounds surrounding it.

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 29I

who fix false boundaries, usurers and those convicted of
usury, the coiners of false money, and those that cut or pair
genuine money, strikers of the clergy, or those who plunder
cemeteries, churches, or ecclesiastical goods, etc.

(7.) To strengthen the liberty of the Church it was decreed
that no temporal lords, their horsemen or footmen, coming to
the manors or granges of bishops, or the houses of the clergy,
should demand or receive refreshment for more than one
day or night, and that by consent, asked for and obtained, of
the bishop of the place. Saturday and Sunday were ex-
cluded, so that the clergy may be able to attend to their
rehgious duties with peace and quietness.

(8.) The Council declared that all emoluments arising
from the erection of a new chapel, erected in a parish by
pious laymen, belong to the parochial church,

(g.) That all ecclesiastics and prelates, their tenants
and servants, dwelling in ecclesiastical lands should be free
from all temporal taxes, and from the exaction of coigne
and livery.

(10.) That no lay person, for any cause whatever, should
dare to seize clerics in their pledges, goods or persons, or
destrain their goods, their servants, or ecclesiastical tenants
wherever they are found, unless their case was tried and
discussed before a competent judge. Those acting otherwise
forfeit their case and incur excommunication ipso facto.
The layman seizing such pledges and neglecting to return
them after being admonished, is interdicted together with
his family.

(II.) No clerics indicted for criminal or civil offences
should answer such charges in a secular court before a secular
judge.

(12.) Questors are not to be admitted into the province
of Cashel without letters from their bishops, and these letters
must be renewed every year, except the messengers or
questors of St. Patrick. The prelates or curates admitting
them without these formalities, are liable to be fined i marc.

(13.) The mendicant friars are forbidden to quest on
feast days on which the church offerings are received by

292 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

the secular clergy, and until they are satisfied, under pain
of excommunication, and this affects the friars as well as
the curates that admit them.

(14.) That of all goods got from a deceased person
by a will, or obtained on the occasion of the funeral, by
mendicant friars, one- fourth should be given to the parochial
church, and that offerings should not be given to the brothers
before the division of the funeral perquisites had taken
place. Violaters of this decree incurred the penalty of
excommunication.

(15.) All those holding benefices, especially those in
Holy Orders and possessing dignities in the cathedral, are
bound to say the canonical hours, and celebrate Mass three
times a week under pain of privation of their benefices and
dignities, and the revenue of those violating this statute
should be applied to the improvements of the church.

(16.) In places where churches or chapels have been
united and appropriated, it has been learned by experience
that these churches are deserted, and let fall into decay.
The ordinaries of places where such churches may be, are
permitted by the Council to apply the revenues of such
churches to their repair.

(20.) All clerics having received first tonsure, and enjoying,
its privileges in person and property, should live chaste,
and especially beneficed clerics and priests should avoid
usury and games of chance, they should not wear a beard
on the upper lip nor nourish their hair, they should cut
their curls, 1 and abstain from thefts, plunder and violence
under pain of major excommunication.

(21.) That every curate, rector and vicar should have
in his church a copy of these decrees, and should expound
them four times a year for their congregation in the mother
tongue, viz. : the Sundays preceding Christmas, Easter,
Pentecost, and the feast of St. Michael the Archangel under
penalty of a fine.

1 It does not seem clear whether the excommunication refers
only to the robbery, etc., of the final clause, or whether it also includes
those who do not cut their curls.

ecclp:siastical affairs of the diocese. 293

(22.) No chaplain was to officiate in the province of
Cashel without letters showing his promotion to Holy Orders,
also his character and sufficient amount of knowledge,

(34.) Doctors, poets, goldsmiths, carpenters and such
like are bound to pay tithes of their goods lawfully acquired
notwithstanding the contrary custom.

(38.) That a Heriot (what the lord receives at the death
of the tenant, it may be a cow, horse, or money) should be
paid to the bishop of the place by the poor people dwelling
on ecclesiastical lands, and an equal division of the emolu.
ments, viz, : Cunagii (money ?) and the like should be equally
divided between the rector and vicar, and the lay lords
may have the cattle of the deceased poor dwelling on their
lands.

(50.) Canons should not be increased beyond the usual
number, nor should choral canons exceed six.

(53,) The Council forbids masters, under pain of excom-
munication, to admit nobles or others to their lectures of
whose becoming ecclesiastics no hope can be entertained.

(67,) That out of reverence to the sacraments, namely,
the Eucharist and Extreme Unction, the curates of churches
when called to administer these sacraments should approach
the sick person clothed in alb, and preceded by a bell in order
to stimulate the piety of the faithful, and this is enforced
under punishment ; at all events the bell should always
precede the Eucharist,

(69.) Parochial churches should be kept clean and neat,
no building should be allowed in the churches themselves
or in the cemeteries, no houses of correction for the laity
should be placed there, against the will of the bishops or other
ecclesiastics having charge of them, and the cemeteries should
be Walled in at the expense of the people under pain of
excommunication and interdict.

(yy.) Clerics should wear a becoming dress different
from the people, viz. : Gascomarcon (soutane ?) with a
becoming bireto (cap).

(8r.) That no prelates, curates of churches or questors, by
force of privilege, should hear the confessions of thieves,

294 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

robbers, or those that robbed churches, or the property
of the faithful until they make restitution if they are able*

Those who do not confess once a year and receive the
Eucharist, are to be deprived of Christian burial.

(86.) That in cities and places where singing prevails and
choirs established, none are to be advanced to anj^ ecclesi-
astical living there unless they are singers, saving the privi-
leges of the Holy See.

(112.) Any priest celebrating or anyone authorizing the
.celebration of Mass against the will and censures of the
ordinary is thereby excommunicated, and on account of his
contempt for the censures must have recourse to the Holy
See for absolution.

(113.) The faithful are forbidden to hear the sermon of
any friar under pain of mortal sin, unless the friar has
obtained the permission of the ordinary where he preaches,
and the Council forbids friars to preach without permission
under pain of depriving them of their right to quest where
they offend.

(115.) Whenever the metropolitan and a suffragan
appoint to a benefice, reserved to the Holy See, the collation
of the ordinary ought to prevail until the Holy See has pro-
vided for such a benefice, the time according to law is also
limited for the appointment of the Holy See.

(119.) When religious houses neglect to appoint fitting
persons or curates to their churches, such churches and
benefices are by law declared to be vacant, and may be filled
up by the ordinary of the place, and may put into them a
perpetual vicar.

The Bishop of Limerick no doubt enforced these -
laws in his diocese, especially as they were made in the
city, and many of them, perhaps, were drawn up at his
suggestion.

In 1456 news reached Rome that John was dead,
and acting on the report Calixtus III appointed
Thomas Legger, an Augustinian friar. Bishop of Limerick,
an appointment which was soon after annulled, as it

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 295

was found that John was still living, and opposed the
election. He resigned, however, the following year, 1458,
and died in retirement in 1468.

In 1849 the Royal Irish Academy became possessed
of an ancient seal, probably of this bishop. It bears
the rude image of a bishop under a canopy, beneath
which there is the figure of another prelate with his
crozier. It has the following inscription : " Sigillu Dni
Jobs Epi Lymrensis." — The seal of John Bishop of
Limerick. The workmanship of the carving is rude.

The following appointments were made in the diocese
during John's episcopacy : —

1427. Robert Poer (Power), principal, bound himself
to the Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits of the
precentorship, valued 30 marcs, vacant by the pro-
motion of Denis to the bishopric of Ossory.

Thomas MacMahon, principal, bound himself to the
Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits of the archdeacon-
ship, valued 40 marcs, vacant by the death of Peter
Evodyn.

Cornelius Odyga, perpetual vicar of the parochial
church of Kyllmalayn (Kilmoylan), Limerick diocese,
as principal and private person, bound himself to the
Apostolic Chamb?r in the name of Gilbert Yleayn for the
first fruits of the perpetual vicarage of Croch (Croagh),
same diocese, value 8 marcs, vacant b}^ the resignation
of Jordan Pursel or the death of Thomas Russel.

John Macgillaphadrayg, principal, and Donald
O'Cachnasyg (O'Shaughnesey), canon of Clonfert diocese
bDund themselves to the Apostolic Chamber for the first
fruits of the perpetual vicarage of Kylchurnayn (Kil-
cornan), alias Claneagga, and the chapel annexed to it,
Munychrym or Munychyrin, Limerick diocese, value
8 marcs, vacant by the death of Philip Russel.

Maurice O'Congalygh, principal, bound himself to
the Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits of the canonry

296 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

and prebend of St. Monchin's (Munchin's), in Limerick
diocese, value 12 marcs, vacant by the death of Philip
O'Hanly. Also for the first fruits of the perpetual
vicarage of the parochial church of Kylldyma
(Killdimo), value 4 marcs ; this payment was not of
obligation.

Maurice O'Congalygh, canon of the diocese of
Limerick, as principal, bound himself to the Apostolic
Chamber in the name of Thomas O'Horigan, for the
first fruits of the canonry and prebend of Tyllach-
brek (Tullabracky), value 12 marcs, vacant by the pro-
motion of Richard, Archbishop of Cashel.

1428. Maurice Echiernay, vicar of the parochial
church of Baligadegi (Ballingaddy), Limerick diocese,
as principal and private person, bound himself to the
Apostolic Chamber in the name of Tathei Olyarna
for the first fruits of the canonry and prebend of
Diserrengussa (Dysert), Limerick diocese, value 8 marcs,
vacant by Edmund Macadam having joined the Hospi-
tallers.

Cornelius O'Longsygh (Lynch), principal, bound
himself to the Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits
of the parochial church of Raronayn (Rathronan) alias
Mithaurick, Limerick diocese, value 8 marcs, vacant by
the non-promotion (to Holy Orders) of Donat O'Breyn
(O'Brien).

1427. A Bull for Donat O'Conthy or O'Centhy for
the rectory of the parochial church of Rathronayn,
value 6 marcs, was returned without obligation.

A Bull for Cornelius O'Gydi for the perpetual vicarage
of Kyllmaellayn (Kilmoylan), Limerick diocese, value
6 marcs, was returned without obligation.

A Bull for James O'Leayn for the perpetual vicarage
of Inyskefeyny (Askeaton), Limerick diocese, value 6
marcs, was returned without obligation.

1428. A Bull for the Tatheo Otigeraid for the per-

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 297

petiial vicarage of the church Glyndogra (Glenogra),
value 5 marcs, was restored without obhgation.

1430. Gilbert O'Leayn, principal, bound himself for
the first fruits to the Apostolic Chamber of the canonry
and prebend of Croch (Croagh), value 20 marcs, vacated
by Jordan Porchell.

1431. Bernard O'Conchuyr, principal, bound himself
to the Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits of the
rectory of the parochial church of Croma (Croom), value
20 marcs, vacated by Wilham Erstokin.

1430. A Bull for Dermot O' Barry for the perpetual
vicarage of the parochial church of Kilmury (Kilmurryj,
value 4 marcs, returned without obligation.

1431. Patrick Corre, principal, bound himself to the
Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits of the precentor-
ship, value 40 marcs, vacant by the free resignation of
Robert Poer (Power).

1432. Alan Haymur, vicar of the church of Bale-
trostan (Dunnaman), as principal and private person in
the name of Cornelius O'Hymur to the Apostolic Chamber
for the first fruits of the parochial church of Croma
(Croom), value 20 marcs, vacant by the marriage of
John Oreuerdam (vel oreuerdain O'Riordan).

1432. Cornelius O'Longsygh (Lynch), principal,
bound himself to the Apostohc Chamber for the first
fruits of the canonry and prebend of Disartenasa
(Dysert), in the diocese of Limerick, value 8 marcs,
vacant by the death 01 Fdmund Fiscidan (vel
Fistidan).

1432. Cornelius O'Longsygh, canon of Limerick, as
principal and private person, bound himself to the
Apostolic Chamber in the name of Alan O'Longsygh
for the first fruits of the precentorship of the diocese,
value 32 marcs, vacant by the death of Alan Makeneri.
In the month of July, 1442, Cornelius, as procurator
and principal, promised the Apostolic Chamber in the

298 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

name of the said Alan the first fruits of the precentor-
ship, value 40 marcs, and for the fruits unduly received
20 florins.

1438. Henr}^ Burnham, principal, bound himself to-
the Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits of the
chancellorship of the diocese, value 60 marcs, vacant by
the free resignation of Jordan of Cork and Cloyne.

1441. John Walsche (Walsh), dean of Cork, as princi-
pal and private person, bound himself to the Apostolic
Chamber for the first fruits of the rectory of the
parochial church of Effyng (Effin), Limerick diocese,
in the name of John Stack, vacant by a new
provision.

John Stack, principal, bound himself to the Apostolic
Chamber for the first fruits of the archdeaconship of
the church of Limerick, value 60 marcs.

1441. Cornelius O'Longsygh, principal, bound him-
self to the Apostolic Chamber for j^the first fruits of the
parochial church of Cromay (Croom), value 20 marcs,
vacant by non-promotion to the priesthood.

1441. The aforesaid Cornelius as procurator, bound
himself to the Apostolic Chamber in the name of Gerald
Philip de Geraldinis for the first fruits of the canonry
and prebend of Kyllidi (Killeedy), value 8 marcs, vacant
by the deprivation of Cornelius O'Hymur.

1443. Matthew MacNemara, principal, bound himself
to the Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits of the
perpetual vicarage of the parochial church of Kylkide
(Kilkeedy), value 8 marcs, vacant by deprivation.

1446. Maurice Norex, as principal, bound himself to
the Apostolic Chamber in the name of Malatie {sic)
O'Comfy for the first fruits of the perpetual vicarage
of the parochial church of Garry (Ballingarry), Limerick
diocese, value 16 marcs.

John McKehecayn, principal, bound himself to the
Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits of the vicarage

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE, 299

of Seangella (Shanagoldcn), value 8 marcs, vacant by
the deprivation of Laurence O' Kelly.

John Parsel, procurator of John Kerrernok, bound
himself to the Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits
of the treasurership of the diocese, value 60 marcs^
collated by way of new provision.

Thomas Legger, 1457. '•

As we have already stated Thomas was appointed
bishop on the supposition that John Mothelwas dead,
but when it was found that he was still living the ap-
pointment was annulled. The next year, 1457, when
John resigned, Thomas is addressed by the Pope as
Bishop of Limerick, and a man devoted to the Holy See.
The Pontiff also conferred special favours upon him.
There is nothing more known about him.

William Crcagh (1458-1468).

William Creagh, a native of Limerick, was appointed
bishop in 1458, and consecrated in 1459. In 14612 he
recovered the lands of Donaghmore which had not been
for a long time in the possession of his predecessors.
Very little is known about his episcopacy except the
following appointments taken from the return of the
first fruits.

1462. Matthew Donad [sic) IMacComarra, cleric of
Limerick, principal, bound himself to the Apostolic
Chamber for the first fruits of the canonry and prebend
of Donakmor (Donaghmore), value 8 marcs, vacant by
the death of Matthew James Macnamara at Rome.
At the same time he was collated to the abbacy of St.
Salvator, Diocese Cloyne.

1463. Gerald O'Mulcorza, principal, bound himself

1 See Theiner.

2 Black Book. p. 142.

300 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

to the Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits of the
archdeaconship, value 50 marcs, vacant by the resigna-
tion of Matthew O'Griffa made at Rome.

1464. Donald Macgillypadrig, principal, bound him-
self to the Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits for the
canonry and prebend of Tampolmonin (St. Munchin's),
in the church of Limerick, value 20 marcs, vacant by
the promotion of Matthew to the bishopric of
Killaloe.

1464. Matthew Laurence MacComara, cleric of the
diocese of Killaloe, as principal, bound himself to the
Apostolic Chamber in the name of Bernard Obrey {sic
O'Brien) for the first fruits of the canonry and prebend
of St. Montini (St. Munchin's), value 12 marcs, vacant
by the promotion of Matthew to the bishopric of Killaloe.
The above Donald must not have been put in
possession.

1464. Cornelius Maccomara, cleric of the diocese of
Killaloe, principal, bound himself to the Apostolic
Chamber for the first fruits of the perpetual vicarage
of the parochial church of Kyllyelly (Killeely), Limerick
diocese, value 6 marcs, vacant by the non-promotion
(to Holy Orders) of the said Cornelius ; also the rectory
of Demulayll, diocese of Killaloe, value 2 marcs, vacant
by the death of Oddonis James MacComara who died
at Rome, which livings Cornelius held for four years re-
ceiving the revenue of the same, he promised to pay the
collector in those parts, under penalties of the Apostolic
Chamber, 50 golden florins for the fruits, unduly received,
of the said churches.

1464. A Bull for Dermot Machmarona (vel Machh-
macona) for the provision of the canonry and prebend
of Archanne (Ardcanny), value 8 marcs, about to be
vacated, returned without obligation as the value of
the living was under the tax.

1466. Tatheus Matthew Maccomare, cleric of Killaloe

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 3OI

diocese, principal, bound himself to the Apostohc
Chamber for the first fruits of the canonry and prebend
of Sancti Muncini (vSt. Munchin's), value i6 marcs, vacant
by the promotion of Matthew to the Bishop of Killaloe.
Evidently any of the preceding two were not in
possession.

Thomas Arthur (1468-1486).^

Thomas Arthur, a native of the city and member
of a very distinguished family, was appointed bishop
in 1468. He was son of Nicholas Arthur and Catherine
Skyddy, and had five brothers, four of whom became
mayors of the city, and the other was sheriff for a time.
He was provided by the Holy See with the treasurer-
ship of the diocese which he held for eight years without
paying the first fruits, but when elected bishop he
entered into an agreement with. the Apostolic Chamber
to pay what was required by instalments, and faithfully
fulfilled his promise. He was also prior of the monastery
of St. Mary and St. Edward king and martyr, before
his elevation to the mitre. He was consecrated at Rome
in the church of St. Mary supra Minerva on the loth
of September, 1469, by the Bishop of Antivari, assisted
by the Bishop of Elphin. He died in the year i486.
The following appointments were made during his
episcopacy.

1470. William Ofathy (O'Fahy), priest of the Limerick
diocese and canon of the Limerick church, as principal,
bound himself in the name of Richard Pourcell to the
Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits of the precentor-
ship of the diocese, value 50 marcs, vacant by devolution
to the Curia.

1 A writer in I. E. Record, 1865, says Arthur died in 14S4, but the
Return of First Fruits say i486.

302 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Eugene Offaelan (O'Phelan), cleric of the diocese of
Limerick, bound himself to the Apostolic Chamber for
the first fruits of the canonry and prebend of Tolla-
thbraky (Tullabracky), value i6 marcs, vacant by
devolution to the curia, and it is ordered to provide
Eugene with the canonry and prebend in which John
Mothyl intruded.

1471. Maurice Ydonurt (O'Dunworth), rector of the
parochial church of Moteanach (Mahoonagh), as prin-
cipal, bound himself to the Apostohc Chamber for the
iirst fruits of the parochial church of Rachkail (Rath-
cahill) alias Moynhatgayhy (Monagay), value 24 marcs,
vacant by devolution to the Curia. The same to be
united to Montenach (!\Iahoonagh) during the lifetime
of Maurice,

Odo Mulgurym, cleric of the diocese of Limerick,
-bound himself as principal to the Apostolic Chamber
for the first fruits of the perpetual vicarage of the
parochial church of Corchimohyt (Corcomohide), value
12 marcs, about to become vacant by the depri-
vation of William O'Ronayn, perpetual vicar of the
same.

Maurice O'Donurthy, rector of the parochial church
of Mathemache (Mahoonagh), Limerick diocese, as
principal and private person, bound himself to the
Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits of the archdeacon-
ship of the Limerick diocese in the name of Gerald
Gerildi Micmicscrayn, cleric of the Limerick diocese,
value 60 marcs, vacant by the deprivation of Gerald
•0*Mwlchorchari, archdeacon of said church.

1473. Thomas Oraman or Oroinan paid a part of
the first fruits of the deanship of the diocese.

1474. WilHam Offaelayn, perpetual vicar of the
parochial church of Walcam (Waltham, Canterbury),

-bound himself to the Apostolic Chamber for the first

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 303

iruits of the treasurership of Limerick, vacant by the
cessation of the right of Eugene Ofaelyn.

Melerus de Burgo sought the treasurership on the
death of Gilbert Arthure, who died at Rome, formerly
treasurership. Bull of mandate returned to the Curia
conferred on another as above.

1474. John O'Griffa (Grifftn), priest of Killaloe, as
principal and private person, bound himself to the
Apostolic Chamber in the name of Dermid Yhynraththy,
priest of Limerick diocese, for the fruits unduly
received by the same Dermid for some years from the
perpetual vicarage of the parochial church of St. Mary
Magdalene, alias Kylmohorog (Kilmurry) in Limerick
diocese,

Dermid Machmacona (MacMahon), perpetual vicar
the parochial church of Kylkydei (Kilkeedy), Limerick
diocese, principal, bound himself to the Apostolic Chamber
for the first fruits of the deanship of the Limerick diocese,
value 60 marcs, vacant by the resignation of Thomas
Yscheanacan alias Yscheolayn at Rome. Thomas
Orrnayn being an intruder on the same.

A Bull for Melero de Burgo, canon of the church of
Limerick, for the provision of the rectorship of Dyre-
gllywayn (Derrygalvin), Limerick diocese, value 8 marcs.
No first fruits being under the valuation.

A Bull for Rorico O'Kah (O'Kelly), priest of the
Limerick diocese, for the provision of the perpetual
vicarage of the parochial church of Kilhelle (Killeely),
Limerick diocese, value 6 marcs. No first fruits being
under the valuation.

1474. A Bull for Thomas O'Galchan, priest, Limerick
diocese, for the provision of the rectorship of the parochial
church of the Holy Trinity, Drominocleryn (Dromin),
Limerick diocese, whose patronage is in lay hands, vacant
by the resignation of John Dondum (vel Donduin now

304 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Dundon) formerly rector of this church. No first fruits-
being under valuation.

A Bull for Donat Machenchard, cleric of the diocese
of Killaloe, for the provision of the perpetual vicarage
of Kilmoylayn (Kilmoylan), value 8 marcs. No first
fruits being under valuation.

1475. Philip Yronayn, canon of Limerick diocese
and bachelor of decrees (decretis), principal, bound
himself to the Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits
of the parochial churches of Aulackay (Athlacca) and
Drumn (Dromin), Limerick diocese, value 32 marcs,,
vacant by the constitution " Execrablis."

1475. Philip O'Ronayn, canon of Limerick diocese,
as principal and private person bound himself to the
Apostolic Chamber in the name of Thomas O'Ronayn,
priest of the diocese for the first fruits of the deanship,.
value 60 marcs, and the rectorship of Ballyngady
(Ballingaddy), value 24 marcs, vacant, a mandate to
provide Thomas with both.

1476. Phihp O'Ronayn, canon of Limerick, and
Donald Machprian (MacBrien), canon of Emly, both
bound themselves in the name of Thomas Geraldinis
to the Apostohc Chamber for the first fruits of the
chancellorship, about to become vacant by the privation
of Donald alias Denis Offelan, formerly chancellor.

1477. Jo^^^"^ Offaelayn, cleric of the diocese of Limerick,
bound himself in the name of Dermot O'Brien, cleric of
the diocese, for the canonry and prebend of St. Munchin
(St. Munchin's), value 20 marcs, vacant by the resig-
nation of Donald MacGillapadrig in Rome.

1477. John Offaelayn, bound himself in the name of
Dermot O'Brien to the Apostolic Chamber for the first
fruits of the treasurership of the diocese, value 50 marcs,,
vacant by the resignation of William Offaolan in Rome.

1478. Cornelius Oquenyn, as procurator, bound him-
self in the name of Redmund de Burgo for the first

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 305

fruits of the canonry and prebend of Donauchmore,
(Donaghmore), value 12 marcs, also the perpetual
vicarage of Kilmore, alias Kylmurhorog (Kilmurry),
value 6 marcs, vacant by devolution to the Holy See.
He was appointed to both offices.

The said Cornelius, priest of Killaloe, as procurator,
bound himself in the name of Dermot O'Brien, cleric of
the diocese of Limerick, to the Apostolic Chamber for
the first fruits of the treasurership of Limerick, value
60 marcs, vacant b}^ the resignation of William
Offaelan.

John Offaelan, cleric of Limerick diocese, principal,
bound himself to the Apostolic Chamber for the first
fruits of the perpetual vicarage of the parochial church
of Killoca (Kilmallock), value 20 marcs, vacant by the
death of William Akhbard, formerly vicar of that
church.

1479. Maurice O'Glesayn, prior of the priory of St.
John the Baptist, order of St. Hugo, Nenagh, as pro-
curator in the name of Melero de Burgo, bound himself
to the Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits of the
deanship of the diocese, value 60 marcs, vacant by
devolution to the Holy See.

John Offaillayn, cleric of the diocese of Limerick, as
procurator, bound himself in the name of Maurice Offaelan
to the Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits of the
rectorship of the parochial churches of Mathemath
(Mahoonagh), value 16, marcs, and Rathkaill (Rath-
cahill) alias Monachagahy (Monagay), value 24 marcs,
vacant, both were united for Maurice.

1480. Thomas Cantulum (vel Cantulinn), priest of
the diocese of Limerick, principal, bound himself to the
Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits of the perpetual
vicarage of the parochial church of SS. Peter and Paul
of Killocia (Kilmallock), value 60 marcs, silver.

Dermod Ykamayn, priest of Limerick diocese,

306 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

principal, bound himself for a certain canonry, vacant
by simony (the name not given).

1480. James Philip de Geraldinis, canon, Limerick
diocese, principal, bound himself to the Apostolic
Chamber for the first fruits of the canonry and prebend
of Kyllide (Killeedy), value 16 marcs, vacant by the
death of Dermot Yconran at Rome.

Malachy Macharrayd, canon of Limerick diocese, for
the first fruits of the canonry and prebend of Killide
(Killeedy), value 18 marcs, vacant by the death of
Dermot Yconran at Rome.

Gerald de Geraldinis, canon of the Limerick diocese,
principal, bound himself to the Apostolic Chamber for
the first fruits of the perpetual vicarage of the parochial
church of Baileroberd (Robertstown), value 4 marcs,
about to become vacant by the deprivation of William
Oflinagayn, perpetual vicar of that church, also for the
first fruits of the perpetual vicarage of Sengvalmyn
(Shanagolden), value 8 marcs, to be united to his can-
onry in said church of Limerick.

1483. Thomas Russell, cleric of the diocese of Limerick,
principal, bound himself to the Apostolic Chamber for
the first fruits of the parochial church of Mungret, value

9 marcs, also the canonry and prebend of Ardcanny, value

10 marcs, vacated by Thomas Girald Macgyllaton de
Geraldinis, and the parochial church of Mungret by the
privation of Magonii O'Madagan.

1483. Geraldus O'Molcorkara, priest of the diocese of
Limerick, bound himself to the Apostolic Chamber for
the first fruits of the archdeaconship of the church of
Limerick, value 60 marcs, about to become vacant by
the privation of Gerald de Geraldinis.

T48A. A Bull for Thomas Cantelon, canon of the
church of Limerick, for the union of the parochial church
of Druimin O'Glizin (Dromin) with his canonry, value
^ marcs. The union was to last during his life.

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 307

A Bull for John O'Griffa providing for him the per-
petual vicarage of the parochial church of Fedmore
(Fedamore), at present vacant, value 8 marcs.

Richard Stackpoole (i486).

Immediately after the death of Thomas Arthur,
Richard Stackpoole was advanced to the bishopric.
He had been precentor of the diocese, and in 1480 he
received a Bull from Rome empowering him to unite
the perpetual vicarage of the parochial church of
Killyely (Killeely) to his canonry. At the time of his
appointment he was only twenty-four years, and was
not to be consecrated until he reached the age of twenty-
eight. He died, however, the same year.

John Dunow (1486-1489).

John Dunow or Dumor was a canon of Exeter, Doctor
of Laws, and at the time of his appointment to Limerick
ambassador from Henry VH, King of England, to the
court of Rome. He died at Rome in the year 1489
before he had an opportunity of visiting his See. The
following appointments were made in the diocese during
Stackpoole's episcopacy : —

1485. A Bull for Hubert de Burgo, canon of Limerick,
for the union of the parochial church of St. Monchini
(St. Munchin's), value 8 marcs, to his canonry during
his life. No tax paid, as the value of the living does
not exceed 24 florins.

i486. William Wite, precentor of the church of
Limerick, bachelor in utroque jure, principal, bound
himself to the Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits of
the precentorship of said church, value 60 marcs, to
which is attached a certain canonry and prebend, being
vacant by the promotion of Richard Stackpoole, elect
of Limerick.

308 • DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

1487. William Miagh, cleric. Limerick diocese, princi-
pal, bound himself to the Apostolic Chamber for the
first fruits of the vicarage of the parochial church of
SS. Peter and Paul of Kilmallock, value 20 marcs,
vacant by the death of Thomas Cantelon its former
vicar.

1487. Thetrico O'Breyn, cleric of Limerick, appointed
Cornelius O'Breyn, cleric, diocese of Killaloe, his proctor,
and through him bound himself for the first fruits to
the Apostolic Chamber for the treasurership of Limerick,
value 60 marcs, and also the perpetual vicarage of
Kyllielli (Killeely), value 6 marcs, vacant by the decree
of the Latern Council.

1487. John Macclache, perpetual vicar of the paro-
chial church of Adare, principal, bound himself to the
Apostohc Chamber for the first fruits of the vicarage
and rectorship of the parochial church of Cronnit (Croom),
value of both together 20 marcs, and being vacant are
united during the lifetime of John, also for the first
fruits of the canonry and prebend, vacant by the death
of Thomas Cantelon, and for the first fruits of the pre-
centorship vacant by the death of Richard, Bishop of
Limerick, which took place at Rome.

1488. Maurituis O'Hanranin, prior of the monastery
of Inscrinonan, Killaloe diocese, bound himself in the
name of Theodoric O'Brien, for the first fruits to the
Apostohc Chamber for the archdeaconship of Limerick,
also for the rectorship of the parochial church of
Cromovve (Croom), value 24 marcs, vacant for such a
time as the collation devolved on the Holy See. They
were united and conferred on Theodoric.

Fernandus Sanctii, canon of Seguntinus, as principal
and private person, bound himself to the Apostolic
Chamber for the first fruits of the deanship in the name
of Roger Artur, canon of Limerick, value 60 marcs,

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 309

vacant at present, but unlawfully held by Melerus de
Burgo for a Limerick priest.

Nicholas Wale, priest of the diocese of Limerick,
principal, bound himself to the Apostolic Chamber for
the first fruits of the perpetual vicarage of the parochial
church of Garth (Ballingarry), value i6 marcs, vacant
by devolution to the Holy See because Philip O'Kail,
without any title, detained and is detaining it.

1489. Hubert de Burgo, canon, Limerick diocese,
principal, bound himself to the Apostolic Chamber for
the first fruits of the precentorship, value 60 marcs,
vacant by the death of Richard Stackpoole at Rome.

1489. Thomas Geraldi de Geraldinis, canon of Limerick,
principal, bound himself to the Apostolic Chamber for
the first fruits of the precentorship, value 60 marcs,
vacant by the privation of William Withe.

John Folan (1489-1521).

John Whelan or Folan, canon of Ferns, rector of
Clonmore, and procurator for Octavian de Palato, Arch-
bishop of Armagh, at the court of Rome was promoted
to the See of Limerick on the 13th of May, 1489. He
was in Limerick about the year 1490, and with the aid
of the citizens he repaired and beautified the cathedral.
He died on the 13th January, 1521. The following
appointments to benefices took place during his reign
as bishop : —

1492. William O'Muloeni ? cleric of the diocese of
Limerick, principal, bound himself to the Apostolic
Chamber for the first fruits of the perpetual vicarages
of the parochial churches of Garth (Ballingarry) and
Kyllscanyll (Kilscannell), vacant for such a length of
time as their collation lapsed to the Holy See, value
J24 marcs.

310 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

John Perell, cleric of Cork diocese, principal, bound
himself to the Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits of
the chancellorship, value 40 marcs, vacant by the death
of Denis.

Maurice Nic' Imulorrony (vel Imuloerony), cleric of
Limerick diocese, principal, bound himself to the Apostolic
Chamber for the first fruits of the chancellorship of
diocese, value 60 marcs.

1494. James Yrronayn, cleric of the diocese of Emly,
principal, bound himself for the first fruits of Corcom-
whyd (Corcomohide) and Cloncreawa (Cloncrew), paro-
chial churches, vacant by devolution, value 23 marcs.

James O'Ronayn, cleric of Emly, bound himself to
the Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits of the canonry
and prebend of Tolowraki (Tullabracky), value 12 marcs,
vacant by devolution to the Holy See.

The same day Fernandus Sanctii, prior of the church
of Seguntin, as principal and private person in the
name of John de Mura alias Oheognayn (vel Oheoguayn)
bound himself to the Apostolic Chamber for the
first fruits of the canonry and prebend of TuUach-
braky (Tullabracky), value 14 marcs, vacant b}^
devolution.

John Macysog, priest of the diocese of Limerick,
principal, bound himself to the Apostolic Chamber for
the first fruits of the perpetual vicarage of the parochial
church of Killiely (Killeely), Limerick diocese, value
8 marcs, also for the vicarage of parochial church of
Kyllfyntanayn (Kilfintenan) value 4 marcs, and the
perpetual vicarage of St. Nicholas, Limerick,
value 4 marcs, vacant, namely, Kylliely, by the free
resignation of Gaufridy Artur, lately its vicar, and the
others being so long vacant that the appointment lapsed
to the Holy See.

1499. Gerald Thome de Geraldinis, cleric. Limerick
diocese, principal in his own name, bound himself to-

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 31I

the Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits of the canoniy
and prebend of Kyhide (Killeedy), value i6 marcs,
vacant by the privation of Maurice Swperyall.

1500. A Bull for uniting the perpetual vicarage of
Kilscannell with the chancellorship during the life of
Maurice Mulcorchrii, chancellor.

1501. John Mihtes de Glandcorbory de Geraldinis,
canon of the diocese of Limerick, bound himself to the
Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits of the archdeacon-
ship, value 60 marcs, vacant in a certain manner.

Philip Marchycayn, perpetual vicar of the parochial
church of Killaryssy (Kilfergus), Limerick diocese,
principal, bound himself to the Apostolic Chamber for
the first fruits of the vicarages of Killbradaryn (Kil-
bradran) and Kilmaylayn (Kilmoylan), both together,
value 12 marcs, vacant for such a length of time as
the appointment devolved on the Holy See. William
O'Dunagain and Donald Midanochi unlawfully occupies
them. Also a mandate for their union with the parochial
church of Killarissy (Kilfergus).

1502. The venerable Richard Yhunwan (O'Noonan),
cleric of the diocese of Limerick, bound himself to the
Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits of the perpetual
vicarages of the parochial churches of Killide (Killeedy)
and Kylochcleban (vel Kylochcleban) Killagholehan,
value 12 marcs silver, to be united to his canonry and
prebend of Limerick during his life.

1503. The venerable James Radimundi {sic) Mauriti,
bound himself to the Apostolic Chamber for the first
fruits of the vicarages of the parochial churches of
Cloyncomartha (Colman's Well) in the dioceses of Limerick
and Cloyne and Ballynehehyn, alias Connothia, of the
diocese of Limerick, value 3 marcs, and Ballynehthyn,
value 12 marcs.

1505. The venerable James O'Ronayn, bound him-
self to the ApostoUc Chamber for the first fruits of the

312 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

perpetual vicarage of the parochial church of Kilhide
(Killeedy), vacant in a certain manner, value 8 marcs.

1503. The venerable Ugo, alias Villae Leys, bound
himself to the Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits of
the perpetual vicarages of Brury (Bruree) and Soyndroin
(Shandrum), in the dioceses of Limerick and Cloyne,
vacant in a certain manner, to be united to the rector-
ship of the church of Clohynarwltey, alias Doondonnell,
for the life of Ugo.

1505- James Thomas de Geraldinis, bound himself to
the Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits of the canonry
and prebend of Diserrthenisei (Dysert) and Kibossini ?
and Balecrestan Krevych ? (Ballytrostan, alias Dun-
naman) parochial churches, vacant, total value 12 marcs.

Andrew Crach (Creagh), canon of Limerick, bound
himself to the Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits of
the deanship, value 76 marcs, vacant in a certain way.

Tadeus O'Keeffe, dean of Cloyne, bound himself to
the Apostolic Chamber in behalf of Andrew Creagh for
the first fruits of the parochial church of St. Laurence,
diocese of Limerick, value 25 marcs.

Taddeus O'Kywe (O'Keefe), dean of Cloyne, bound
himself in the name of Patrick Harold, canon super-
numerary of the church of Limerick, for the first fruits
of the perpetual vicarage of Sti Montini {rede Munchin),
Limerick, to the Apostolic Chamber, vacant in a
certam manner, which was allowed to be united to
the canonry of Patrick for his lifetime. No tax, as
it did not exceed 24 florins.

Maurice Uhuiryly (Hurley), precentor of Eml}^ bound
himself to the Apostolic Chamber in the name of Taddei
O'Brien, cleric of Limerick diocese, for the first fruits
of the canonry and prebend of Kilbebcain (Kilpeacon),
and the perpetual vicarages of the parochial churches
of Crycowra (Crecora), Kythonyzin, Feduir (Fedamore),

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 313

in a certain manner vacant, total value 25 marcs, and to
be imited for his lifetime.

1506. John Ylongayn, priest of the diocese, bound
himself to the Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits of
the parochial church of Kilbride (Kilbreedy), and the
parochial church of Daramacha (Darragh), also
Duniris, a perpetual vicarage, and Dongaymdme,
united, value 16 ducats, vacant in a certain manner.

1507. Maurice Yschalayn, bound himself to the
Apostohc Chamber for the first fruits of the vicarage
of the parochial church of Lancoly (Loughill), Limerick
diocese, also the perpetual vicarage of the parochial
church of Kylnactan (Kilnaughten), diocese of Ardfert,
Loughill, value 6 marcs, and the other 10 marcs, and are
to be united to his canonry.

1509. Dermot Machinry, priest of the diocese of
Limerick, bound himself for the first fruits of the dean-
ship, vacant by the privation of Andrew Creagh, value
70 marcs.

1510. James Radimund Maurice de Geraldinis, canon
of Limerick, bound himself for the first fruits of the
deanship and the vicarage of Balte Tanckard (Tankards-
town), united, value 70 marcs, vacant in a certain manner.

1513. Gerald O'Mulcoarkyr, bound himself for the
first fruits of the chancellorship, vacant in a certain
manner, value 60 marcs.

1519. Stephen Harod (Harold), cleric of the Limerick
diocese, bound himself to the Apostohc Chamber for the
first fruits of the treasurership, value 60 marcs, vacant
in a certain manner or by death.

jfitteentb Centurv?.

CHAPTER XV.

THE AFFAIRS OF THE CITY.

In the opening years of the fifteenth century the citizens-
were busily engaged in repairing the fortifications of the
town, as they Hved in continual dread of the neighbouring
chiefs, who were ever ready to raid the city when a
favourable opportunity offered.

1400. The Government was always favourably dis-
posed to such loyal subjects whose fidelity was often put
to a severe test but never wavered.

Accordingly they received a grant with the assent
of the council of 20 marcs yearly, for ten years, frorfi
the issue of the lax weir, to be expended on the repairs
of the bridges and walls of the city under the super-
vision of John Arthur and Thomas Spicer. In the
same year they were favoured with a new charter by
Henry IV, which confirmed all the old privileges they
enjoyed under that of Edward I. Whatever prosperity
these royal gifts may have conferred on the city, was
short-lived, as all the buildings, both wood and stone,
were burned by a woman in the year 1413.^ This
calamity gave the citizens new energy to rebuild their
city, and to encourage them, Henry V gave them a new
charter.

During the remaining years of the century a syste-
matic effort was made to complete the fortifications,
and so thoroughly was the work carried out, that
Limerick was known in after years as the best fortified
city in the kingdom.

The part of the town built on the island was previously
well fortified, and now that part lying beyond Ball's

^ Anns. Four Masters.

THE AFFAIRS OF THE CITY. 315

Bridge called the Irishtown, received the attention of
the corporation. As early as 1395, during the mayor-
alty of Walter Dannel, the fourth west tower was built
in the Irishtown, and in 1401, Thomas Balbeyn left by
will, Thomcore Castle 1 to the citizens, the site of
which in later times was occupied by the old market-
house. In 1421 the town wall was completed from
Na Clona Tower to St. John's Gate. In 1431, Patrick
Cogan, bailiff (sheriff), built a tower which joined the
east wall of the Irishtown, and from the fact that he was
the overseer of the work, it became known as Cogan' s
Tower. In 1441, John Loftus and Edmund Harold,
baihffs, built part of a wall near Cromwell's tower, and
in 1450, St. John's Gate was commenced and finished in
1495, thereby completing the fortifications.

The castle in this as well as in the previous century
was well attended to, and governors regularly appointed.
The inhabitants of the city, during this century, seem
to be completely out of touch with the surrounding
country, using little or no communication with them,
but sticking tenaciously to the manners and customs
of the foreigners — genume West Britons.

In the charter they received in 1413, the following
clause occurs, which well illustrates their attitude to the
native Irish, viz. : —

That no one who is of the blood and the Irish nation
understanding or taking the term Hibernicus, as it is ac-
customed in our land of Ireland to be understood and taken,
shall be mayor, nor shall exercise any other office within
the city aforesaid, nor shall within the same city take or
support any man or infant of Irish blood and nation afore-
said, as an apprentice, under pain of losing his franchise
in the city.

This law was framed in the same spirit as the notorious

1 See Lenihan's History of Limerick, p. 235.

3l6 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Statute of Kilkenny, and introduced for the purpose of
excluding the old race from obtaining any dignities or
offices in their native city. After the Reformation, when
the sobriquet of " mere Irishman " became merged in
that of " papist," the same law was rigorously enforced
down to a time within the memory of men still living.
Even in our own day, though the law is abrogated, the
spirit still lives and is always enforced when its advocates
are in the majority.

In 1450^ the city was suffering from a scarcity of
food, and had to petition the king for permission to
allow them obtain supplies from France. In the petition
they complain that the city was surrounded on every
side by Irish enemies, as well as English rebels, so that
the citizens and commons dwelling within the city
cannot have competent provision as merchandize, by
which the said citizens and commonality are to live,
unless they have them out of foreign lands. One Maurice
de la Noe, merchant, of St. Briola in Brettaigne, used to
victual the said city with corn, wine, honey, salt, and
divers other merchandizes, which he dare not continue
for fear of the letters of marque, reprisals, and other
dangers, to come to the city if it be not remedied.

In answer to the petition it was granted that the
said Maurice, or his deputies, attorneys, or servants, may
come with sixty persons, and that they shall not exceed
sixty, in his ship or ships, as often as he shall continue
to come for three years next issuing, and were allowed
to be under the protection of the king, going and coming,
provided always that they carry themselves well and
loyally towards the king and his liege people, in coming,
going, and so residing.

About this time they were forced also to seek a
dispensation from some of the provisions of the Statute

I Slat. Roll 28, Henry VI.

THE AFFAIRS OF THE CITY. 317

of Kilkenny relative to their dealings with the " Irish
enemy and English rebels." They were so hard pressed
in 1461 that they were compelled to purchase the good
will of Conor O'Brien by an annual tribute of 60 marcs.
To enkindle a martial spirit in the citizens, it was enacted
that they should erect booths for shooting on every
hohday. In 1470 it was further enacted that every
merchant who imported goods into Limerick should
also import bows to the value of 100 shillings, and in
1495, every subject having goods to the value of £2
was commanded to have a jack, sallet, an English bow
and sheaf of arrows, and every free-holder a horse,
also to assist the king.

During this century a great number of new families
settled down in the city, as there are thirty-six new
names on the municipal list. They may, however, have
been old residents who did not take much interest in
municipal affairs until this century. The city seems to
have had an extensive trade with foreign countries, and
judging from the few meagre mementos of some of
the citizens, it must have enjoyed a fair share of pros-
perity. Fortunately there is preserved a sketch of one
of its citizens in the Arthur MSS.^ who maybe taken as
a fair representative of the leading merchants of his day.
Nicholas Thomas Arthur, as he is styled, was born
in Limerick about the beginning of the fifteenth
century, and, Uke his ancestors, became a merchant.
He was accustomed to export for the use of the
king of England, and of English princes and nobles,
horses of superior breed, hounds, swift flying falcons,
scarlet mantles, the skins of otters, squirrels, and other
soft furred animals ; besides pillars and tables, made
of polished and variegated marble, whereby he gained
great popularity and considerable wealth.

In June, 1428, he sailed from Limerick on board

1 See Lenihan's History of Limerick.

3l8 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

a merchant vessel belonging to John Chrich.. a citizen
of London. After being at sea for a short time on his
way to England with a large cargo of goods, he fell in
with pirates who were subjects of the Duke of Amoric,
Brittany, at that time a bitter enemy of the King of
England. They seized the cargo which was value for
700 marcs, and took it together with Arthur and crew
to St. Malo, where they disposed of the merchandize
by public auction, detaining Arthur himself captive in
the Mount called St. Michael's for two years, until he
recovered his liberty by paying 400 marcs.

Having been restored to liberty he immediately
presented himself before the king, and gave an account
of the losses he and his friend John Chrich had sustained.
He stated his case so well, that he succeeded in obtain-
ing letters patent in 1430, authorizing him to make
reprisals to the amount of ^5, 332, 13s. ^d., from the pro-
perty of the subjects of the duke, wherever they were
found within the dominions of the King of England,
whether by land or sea. Armed with this authority
he set to work with perseverance and energy, and
succeeded in levying the reprisals off them to the last
farthing.

1430. The king also granted the further favour of
allowing him to construct a fishery suitable for taking
salmon and other fish on the bank of his farm at Castle
Blath (Farrenshone), to the mid-channel of the Shannon,
but in such a way as that free passage was to be allowed
to ships sailing to and from the port of Limerick. He
married Katherine Skiddy of Cork, who possessed vast
wealth. From this union six sons were born, four of
whom were mayors of their native city, one bailiff
(sheriff) of the city, and Thomas, who has been already
mentioned, became bishop of the diocese. He himself
was many times mayor of the city. After leading an
active and honourable life, he died fortified by the

THE AFFAIRS OF THE CITY. 319

Sacraments of the Church, and was interred in the
ancestral tomb in St. Mary's CathedraL

There are some wills extant of other prominent
citizens of this century, which give an insight
into the manners and customs of this period, and will
be treated of when we come to speak of the cathedral.

In the year 1467 a mint was established in the city
for the coining of money which must have given
commerce a great impetus.

1484. A parliament was held in the city by the
lord deputy, Gerald, Earl of Kildare.

1495. The guild of merchants was erected into a
brotherhood, and several regulations were drawn up
for the advancement of the commercial interests of the
city. In the rebellion of Perkin Warbeck the citizens
were loyal, and as a reward for their adherence, Henry
VII granted them a new charter.

In 1500 a ship arrived in Limerck from Bristol,
with a cargo of contraband goods which was forfeited,
and the money realized from the sale of the freight was
spent in building a wall and a vault on the south side
of the quay. The vault was entered by a flight of steps
from the end of Bridge Street, and was utilized as a six-
gun battery. The top of the covered way was a favourite
walk of the citizens. At this period the city seems to
have enjoyed considerable prosperity, and the citizens
being encouraged by the security that the strong forti-
fications afforded them against the Irish enemy and
English rebel, began to improve their dwellings and
beautify the city, so that Stanchurst, in the middle of
the sixteenth century, describes the buildings as being
sumptuous and substantial. The accompanying map of
the city is supposed to have been made in Elizabeth's
reign, and gives a fair idea of the arrangement of the
streets, the position of the public buildings, and the
extent of the walls.

dftttcentb Century.

CHAPTER XVI.

THE CIVIL AFFAIRS OF THE COUNTRY PORTION OF THE
DIOCESE.

At the unexpected death of John, fifth Earl of Desmond,
his son and heir, Thomas was a minor, and the king
granted the wardship of his estates to James, Earl of
Ormonde, in 1402. A few years later, however, the king
granted Thomas a pardon for all offences and special
livery of all his castles, with power to appoint seneschals,
justices, and other officers though still a minor.

Accordingly in 141 1 he issued a precept to his treasurer
to collect and levy several sums of money amounting to
/700, being the profits of assizes held in his court of Kerry.
He soon after passed into England, and returned in
1414,1 bringing a great many Saxons to devastate Munster.
He was very fond of hunting, and on one of these ex-
peditions he was benighted near Abbeyfeale. He spent
the night in the house of one of his tenants named
MacCormick, and while there, became acquainted with
his host's daughter, Catherine, whom he subsequently
married. This union was considered unworthy of the
head of the noble house of Desmond, and his friends,
followers, and subjects deserted him in disgust.

His uncle, James, taking advantage of this misunder-
standing, made war on his nephew, and succeeded in
expelling him three times from his estates after a feeble
resistance. Ultimately he was forced to resign his
estates at Callan in 1418, in the presence of the Earl
of Ormonde, to his uncle, on the condition that his son

^ Anns. Four Masters.

CIVIL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 32I

Maurice should get an earl's portion, which was agreed
upon, and he was assigned Mallow, Broghill, and
Kilcolman.

After suffering such severe treatment from his friends
and subjects he quitted the country, and died at Rouen
in Normandy in the year 1420.1 It is said that the King
of England attended his funeral. James now became
Earl of Desmond, and was imbued with more of the
Celtic nature than any of his predecessors, as he passed
his youth with the O'Briens of Thomond.

After obtaining the estates and honours of the family
he immediately ingratiated himself with the ruling
powers by raising an army of five thousand horse and
foot, and proceeded against O'Conor and Bermingham
who were ravaging the Pale. As a recompense for the
great losses he sustained in this expedition, the king
was pleased to grant him the command of the Castle
of Limerick. Also the people of Meath voted him a
subsidy which was ordered to be assessed and levied by
the king's commissioners.

In 1438 Robert Geoffry Cogan granted Earl James
all his lands in Ireland, being about half of the County
Cork, which he took possession of, the following year,
thereby greatly increasing his landed property. In
1445 he obtained a patent from the government for the
custody of the counties of Cork, Kerry, Limerick, and
Waterford, together with a licence, in reward for his
good services in keeping these counties in peace, to
absent himself from the future parhaments provided
he sent a sufficient proxy, and also to purchase any
lands he pleased, by what service soever they were
holden of the king. He was married to a daughter of
UHc Burke, MacWilliam Eight er, ^ chief of Connaught,

1 O'Daly, in History of Geraldmes, says that Thomas rebelled against
the English, and being accused of treason, fled to France.

2 See Anns. Four Masters, vol. vi., p. 2,183.

y

322 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

MacSheehy, progenitor of the Sheehy, family came to
Limerick as captain of a body-guard with this lady,
where his services were retained by the Earl of Desmond
as captain of gallowglass. He then built the castle of
Lisnacullia (Woodfort), in the parish of Clonagh, about
four miles west of Rathkeale. In after times his des-
cendants were the most loyal and faithful supporters
of the last earl of that noble house.

Early in this century the earl's foster-brother, Brian
Duff, crossed the Shannon and took up his residence at
Carrigogunnell, giving his name to that barony known
even in our times as Pubble Brien, which was co-extensive
with the old territory of Escluana that formerly belonged
to the Burkes. In 1449, Richard, Duke of York,i was
suspected in England of plotting to secure the throne
for himself as he had a prior claim to Henry VI, who was
now in feeble health. He was sent to Ireland as Vicero}^,
which was considered a mild but effectual way of
frustrating his ambition. Having taken up the office
he inaugurated a policy of conciliation, and in a short
time won the good wishes of the colonists and of the
native Irish.

In 1450, George, Duke of Clarence, was born in
Dublin Castle, and Richard got the Earls of Desmond
and Ormonde to stand sponsors at the font. The next
year he crossed over to England to advance his cause,
and appointed the Earl of Ormonde as his deputy
during his absence. When Ormonde took office he pur-
sued an active campaign against the Irish bordering
on the Pale. In 1452 he was in the County Limerick,
and wasted the Mulryan country. Towards the end of
the year, however, his career was cut short by death.

There is extant a document called the Rental of
Connello, Co. Limerick, and dated 1452, giving the extent

1 See Gilbert's i'iceroys of Ireland,

CIVIL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 323

of the estates and services lying within that district.
There is now no means of ascertaining whether it was
made out by the consent of the Earl of Desmond, who
was a close personal friend of the Duke of York, and
perhaps raised as a subsidy to assist him at this critical
period of his fortune ; or whether it was made out by the
deputy, Ormonde, the result of a policy of force, as the
families were never very friendly, and happened at this
juncture to be allied to opposite sides — Desmond being
an ardent supporter of the Duke of York, and Ormonde
of the ruhng sovereign Henry VI.

It is a very valuable document and is here inserted
in full with the identification of many of the townlands
mentioned therein.

Shcncd {Shanid).
Rent of the free tenants there : —

Ballyrug (Ballyroe)

Granagh (near Corgrig, but now obsolete)

Ballyeghn (Ballyane)

Kylcoscran (Kilcosgrave)

Toullaghawson (?) . .

OGalcowyr (perhaps Glenagower, near Athea)

■Gortymolkeran (part of Morgans)

Arddrj-n (perhaps Ardaneer)

Donngythe (now Dooncaha)

Ballyngowyn (was in the mountainous part of

Kilmoylan parish, but no\y obsolete)
Glencorbry (parish of Glin) . .

Total rent of the free tenants of Shanid . . 5b 10

The rent of the farmers of Shened (Shanid) : —

Clontaman .. .. .. . . 12 6

Toullaghartylla . . . . . . 53 4

Terra Martyn . . . . . . . . 72

Sheniclon . . . . . . . . 73

5.

d.

12

I

5

0

13

4

13

4

I

0

3

4

2

i^

I

0

0

i|

0

6

5

0

324

DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

were beside each other in western portion
loylan Parish, and may be now repre-
sented by Cloonty.

Clonykedegn | These tw

Clonyclothna)

Gawyr (on the mountain near Shanid)

Bylleloman

Cnokannecroythe and Shanganagh . .

Ffeddanys

Parvo Parco

BallenbothjT

Ballengarran

Cnokcoweny

Athdee (Athea)

Moymore (Banemore, near Athea) . .

Bellaghdrome (between Athea and Ballyhahill)

Cnoknegornath (now Knocknagornagh)

Veti Pom'io (The Old Orchard)

T'ra Norreys (?) ..

Inchenegerath (?) ..

Ffoynd (Foynes) ..

Granagh (near same)

Crag (Cragg)

Dorenys (Durnish) . .

Catherycomere

Monetrynoge

Messor' de Shenned, (the chief servant in harvest

time, called sometimes a bailiff, Jacob's Law

Die.)
D'Molys manualibus ibidm (hand mills there)
D'S'iandria ibidem (sergeancy there) . .
D'Molendino Nove Grangie (the mill of New

Grange)

(7 3
do 10

13 4
i6 6

2 II
10 O

3 4

5 o

13 o

30 o
15

15
15

I

7
3

o
o
o

I
o
o

20 O

15 74

3 4

3 6

10 o

13 4

3 4
7 6

20 O

Total rent of the farmers of Shanid

£22 17

Kyllydc {Killeedy).
Rent of the free tenants there : —
D'Terra Johis Thotomonie (this is the half quarter
that was held by John Thomond and was at
Lough in the east of the parish) . .

7 6

CIVIL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 325

Terra Hervey (this was the half quarter held by s. d.
Hervey at Agag' and Hermiston, and would

be between Auglish and Springfield) . . 34

De Campo Richardi (now unknown) . . . . 3 4

Glencoyme (Glenquin was in Newcastle manor

in 1298) . . . . . . . . 01

The rent of the farmers of Kyllyde (Killeedy) : —

Lawaghmore) That part of the parish now

Lawghbeg \ known as Hernsbrook

Kyntoher (now Kantogher)

Ballydowan (now Ballydugig)

Bellagh (now Ballagh)

Gortnecloythe (now Gortnacloghy, popularly

Ashford)
Ballyowen (Ballyowen)
Kylkynre (now Kilcoora) . .
Ffynglesse (south-west of Killeedy castle, now

obsolete)
Dowyll (now Dromroe)
Clonydirdawyn (obsolete) . .
Kylkyllyn de Montan' (now Killacullen, in the

Tournafulla district) .. .. .. 60

De Molys manualibus de Kyllyde (the hand mills

of Killeedy) .. .. .. •• 7 U

D S'iandria ibide (the sergeancy there) . . 13 4

s.

d.

,40

0

(I3

4

36

8

40

0

20

0

6

8

8

4

12

9

26

8

16

8

12

6

Total rent of farmers . . . . /15 i o|

Rcddif Dmcorx de Kyllyde.

(The rent of the Lordships of Killeedy).

D'Terra Burgenard ibidm (the burgess land there) 2 o
Croftys (enclosed bits of land near the castle for

tillage or pasture, Jacob's Law. Die.) . . o 10

Veti pom'io (the old orchard) . . . . i i

Ballykyneghe (now Ballykenny) . . . . 60

3-26 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK

• s. (L
Messore ib (harvest bailiff there) . . . . 34

Tra Dominicox de Kyllyde (the land of the lord-
ship of Killeedy) . . . , . . 40 o

Total rent of lordships of K-lleedy . .;r2 13 0

Corkoyth.
Reddit !ib. ten ibidm. (Rent of free tenants there.)

Rathcathyll (now Rathe ahill) . . . . 13 4

Kylcalply (now unknown) . . . . . . 13 4

Total rent of free tenants there . . . . 26 8

Redditus Firmar de Corkoyth, (The rent of the farmers.)

Ballyodullyth (Ballydahy ?)

Ballyogarwyeth (Ballymorrough)

K3dcredan (perhaps Crean) . .

Kylmsnewyn

Ballygewyll (now Ballygeal)

Rathneconnere (obsolete, but was on the hill
south-west of Glenquin)

Dromrathnagh (Dromtrasna)

Cnokbrarke (Knockbrack) . .

Kylconleth (now Kilkinlea) . . . . '

Dromlathr^^n (this is called in Feytoji's Survey
Kylleyndroomelarra, now locally known as
Killenigh, in eastern part of Abbeyfea'e parish) 11 8

Gortawrehanyth (in Peyton it is written Gor-
teawrohanna. The wood in it is called Glan-
gortwrohanna, and as such it is written in the
Courtney grant of 1639. ^^ course of time the
rohanna was dropped and Glengort became the
name by which that townland is now known
in the Tournafulla district) . . . . 6 8

Kannecully ? . . . . . . . . 20 o

Seskynlethduff (Seskin, in Abbeyfeale Parish) . . S 4

40

0

40

0

46

8

40

0

20

0

II

oJ

33

4

20

0

15

0

CIVIL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 327

S. d.

Mynneclothy (Meenkilla ?) 5 »

Cnokrathdermod (the district round Mount

Collins) .. .. •• •• 50

Molys Manualibus ibid, (hand mills there) . . 7 9

Siandria ibiden (sergeancy there) . . . . S 9

The rent of the farmers there . .

£17 9 2i

O'Bathm {O'Bathyn).
The rent of the free tenants there :—

Dyrryndromcarryn (Derreen, near Athea) .. 13 4

Cnoknesanthe ? . . . . • • • • 4 o

Kylsananleth ? . . • • • • • • 20

Nenagh (the district about the old mill or

Ashgrove) .. •• •• •• ^ ^

Dowathkatyn (Doocatteen, parish Newcastle) o 3

Glangown (Glenagown, parish Newcastle) . . 00

The total rent of free tenants of O'Bathn" £1 6 8

The rent of the farmers of O'Bathyn'':-
Ruscathmore ) called now Rooska east and

west
two small townlands near the
old mill

Ruscathbeg )

Athdowan }

Glengorth ^

Berryn (now Ballynabearna)

Asdare (now Glenstar)

Donnwyll (Dunganville)

Ballyconere which is called Ballemenyth, now

known as Ballinena
Ballyathern ?

Ballyhursynte (Ballypierce) . .
Dowaly (Dooally) . .
Lvsnebratnagh
Garranbeg, which is called Ballyfflayffe (Bally-

lahiff)

43
40
o
33
36
33
40

43
43
43
40
6

24

0

8

0

3

4

I

0

328 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

S. d.
D'Molys manualibus de O'Bathyn" (the hand mills

of O'Bathyn^) , . . . . . . . 10 i

S'iandria ibidm (the sergeancy there) . , . . 20 o

D. Molendino de Ardath (the mill of Ardagh) . . 33 4

Total rent of the farmers of O'Bathyn'' . . £26 16 8

Ardagh.
Rent of burgage there : —

D'Villata de Ardagh (the town of Ardagh)

D'Ballyduffgyn ? . .

D'Ffurno and S'iandria ibidm (the bake house and

sergeancy there) . .
D'Tenemto Robti Lowell (the tenement of

Robert Lowell) . .
The total rent of Ardagh is 36s. 4^., of which

26s. M. is paid in rent to the Bishop and there

remains for the lord

Novu Castm Redditus Dnicorum ibdem.
Rent of Lordships there : —

Gortdowran

Terr 'y halpyn

Gortloman

Mora

Una acr'infra Defens'dni

D'Croftys ibidm

Garrangortmor, alias Ffarrynnerlowyn . . 60

Tra Comydyn . . . . , . . . 26

D'Argento galinarx ibidm (money paid instead of
hens, as it was customary in some manors to
make such a charge) . . . . . . 09

Molendino (the mill of Newcastle) .. .. 6 8

Messore ibdm. (the harvest bailiff there . . 34

4 0

0 6

1 6
o 6
7 6

CIVIL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 32()

s. d.

Messore of Newgrange . . . . . . 3 4

Messore of Kylroddan (Kilrodane) .. .. 3 4

Total rent of the Ville of Newcastle .. /i i8 ii

Villa Rohti Roth.
Rent of free tenants there :—
There is no further particulars given of this locality,
and impossible now to identify it.
D'Terra Johis fil David (the land of John Fitz-
david)

o 6

The rent of the farmers there . . ..£"246

2 8

2 8

0 li

O I

Rathgalivay .

Rent of free tenants there : —
Gortconnyth

Bohirnebetagh . . . . • • • • 2

Kyllynys
Bellaghnelyge
Gortneskethe . . • • • • • • o i^

Total rent of the free tenants of Rathgalway 5 8
Rent of the farmers of Rathgalway : —

Terr' firmariorx ibidm . . . • • • 28 6

Doungalgyn alias Ballyfarwyll . . • . 22 o

Ballycullyn .. .. •• •• ^4 6

Lisnecallv •• •• •• •• ^^ "

Terra Ylayff . . • • ■ • • • 7 o

■Clonban . . • • • • • •

Where exactly this district lay it is difficult now to
say. There is a townland called Galway in Askeaton
parish, which suggests that it was situated in that part
•of the country.

s.

d.

5

5i

I

6

5

0

I

0

0

3

3

4

I

6

0

li

330 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Moytawnagh {Mahoonagh).
Rent of the free tenants there :-
Lyslygysse (now Lisaniska)..
Rathbryle (now Rathfreedy)
Lawagh (Rath)
Athmulke (Ahawilk)
Croman (Feohanagh district)
Clonmor (Cloonmore)
Dyrre (Knockaderry ?)
Cathranagh (Curragh)

Total rent of the free tenants.. .. 16

The rent of the farmers there : —
Ballyharylla

Bahynuske (now Bahiniska)
Clonferta

Ballykylle (Ballygullen)
Gurtynys (Gorteen)
Cloincheryn (Cloonsherrick) . .
Monlena (Moanleana)
Clonmyskys (Coohska)
Kylneredyre (Killeready)
Ballyodowrty ( Bally doorty)
Ballymkylle (Ballynakill) ..
Ballyubretnygh (Walshestown)
Gortskathy (Gortscagh)
Moyls manualibus (hand mills) . . . . —

S'iandria (sergeancy) . . . . . . —

Total rent of the farmers of Moyt' . . £5 14 4
Rent of the Lordships there : —
D'Terra dmcorx ibid"! (the land of the lordships

there) .. .. .. .. 53 4

D'Cottagiis (cottagers) . . . . 0 10

D'Mora (moor) . . . . . . . . 06

Total rent of lordships , . . . £2 14 8

6

8

6

8

6

8

6

8

I

0

8

0

4

8

2

0

33

4

6

8

10

0

10

0

5

0

CIVIL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE.

531

Innyskcsty {Askcaton).
Rent of free tenants there : —

D'Rathm-candan (is given in Peyton's Survey
as being in the parish of Kilscannell and
beside the townland of Bahinlyny, but no
longer remembered)

Ballenekyhe

Dromaspull

Shendyrre (was in Askeaton parish)..

Clonlogh (was in Askeaton parish) . .

Ballghegh

Molendino de Ballyhegh

Gortsyechn' (was in Askeaton parish)

Keppathlyn Motyng) These were also in A

Keppath lyn loge ^" keaton parish

Callonn

Incheroyrk

Dromermoyth

Villata de Droury . .

Lysdown

Magno Quartio

Vallata de Innysk . .

Total rent of free tenants

Rent of the farmers of Askeaton

D'Bahydowrtv

Cathyr

Terra Valens

Kylraynath

Grage and Grage loge

Moyany

Molendino de Innyskesty . .

Gurgitibus, ibid, (fisheries) . .

S'iandria ibid.

2

0

3

4i

5

0

8

0

4

0

4

0

5

0

4

3

■ |3

li

0

3

3

I2

7

0

20

0

i8

8

i6

8

46

8|

£7 II 8i

22

10

6

8

7

6

6

8

66

8

40

0

16

8

2

0

332

DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Offargus.
Rent of the free tenants there :-

<?.

d.

D' Villa Nichi

II

0

Vet' Villa

10

I

Skethanagh (Skehanagh)

2

6|

Klycowan (Kilquane)

6

0

Rathogonan (Rathgoonan) . .

13

4

Rathrewagh beg (Rathreigh beg)

13

4

Ballyegyne (Ballyegny)

3

4

Kyldonyll

0

3

Lysnegaddy (was near Coolcappa but

now

obsolete)

- (sic)

0

9

Total value of the free tenants' reni

£3 0

7}

The Royal service of O'Conyll when

proclaimed :-

-

D'Castro de Innyskesty

40

0

Sendyre

2

0

Gortsyethn

5

0

Croth (Croagh)

33

4

Gortcolgyn (Ballingarry)

40

0

Corkmothyd (Corcomohide) . .

40

0

Kylbun

20

0

Ardfynan (a townland in par. of Clonelty obsolete)

20

0

Castro Robert Dandownyll vocata Harolt

?scas-

tell (Doon Donnell also called Cloghnarold

from

Harolt)

10

0

Kylsanan leth

6

8

Rathm'kandan (near Clonagh)

18

II

Stywardeston (near same place)

I

I

Kyltulte

10

0

Ballyegyne (Ballyegny)

10

0

Drowry

20

0

Glancorby (Glin) . .

20

0

Lyeth (Lealhys near Foynes)

10

0

D'Castro Robti Goer vocata (Robertstowi

1) ..

10

0

CIVIL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 333.

Molregan (Morgans)

Donmolyn (Dunmo^dan)

Rathronan

Rathgele (Rathkeale)

Curryn beg and bellathdurlys (Carrons and Bally-
doorlis in parish of Kilcoleman West)

Ballyelynan (said to be Ballinloughane in par.
Dunmoylan, others say Moneymohill in same
parish, and judging from its position in Petty's
map, the latter seems the more likely)

s.

d.

0

0

20

0

20

0

40

0

Total of regal service . . . . ;£22 12 o

James, after retiring from public life, spent the even-
ing of his days in peace and happiness on his estates.
Lodge states that he died at Mocolope in the year 1462.
and was laid to rest at Youghal. According to the
ancient calendar of the Dominicans of Limerick, he was
buried in their church and the Friars were bound to have
an anniversary Mass for the repose of his soul, as they
regarded him as their second founder.^ The O'Clery
Pedigree states that he died at Caislen Nua O'Conaill,
Newcastle West of Hyconaill, and was buried in Tralee.
His son Thomas succeeded to the title and honours of
the family, and was, like all his family, a strong sup-
porter of the house of York. He received many favours
from Edward IV, a scion of that house.

When Tiptoft, Earl of Worcester, was sent to Ireland
as Justiciary, he held a Parliament at Drogheda in 1467, at
which an Act was passed attainting the Earls of Des-
mond, Kildare, and Edmund Plunket, for their aUiances,
fosterage, and alterage with the king's Irish enemy.

Though these laws had by this time fallen into disuse
in the south, especially in the counties of Limerick, Cork.

1 See History of Dominicans, Father Coleman.

2 See Journal, R. S.A.I. , vol. for 1879-1882, p. 228.

334 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

and Kerry, where whatever shred of Enghsh government
remained was principally maintained through the influ-
ence of the Desmonds, as they were closely allied with
the old Gaelic families. Desmond repaired to Drogheda
to explain the line of policy he was accustomed to follow
in his relation with the natives, but shortly after his
arrival he was seized by order of Tiptoft and put to
death, to the astonishment of the nobles of Erin. He
was interred in St. Peter's Church in that town.

The justiciary is said to have been an interested par-
tisan, as he had a claim to some lands in the Co. Cork,
which were of little value to him or his family, owing to
the influence of Desmond. When the news of his execu-
tion reached the south the five sons of the martyred Earl
rose in rebellion, plunged into Leinster, and began to
ravage the territories of the Pale. The Earl of Kildare
adopted a more prudent course, by repairing in person
to the king and explaining the injustice of the impeach-
ment, with the result that Tiptoft was immediately re-
called to England, where after a few years he met the
death he had inflicted on the earl.

James, the eldest of the five brothers, succeeded to
the family honours, and having been pardoned for his
revolt by the king, was the recipient of many favours
from him also.

The death of his father for his friendliness to the Irish
did not deter the son from taking as his wife, Margaret
O'Brien, daughter of the Prince of Thomond.

1489. x\fter enjoying riches and honours for twenty
years, he was cruelly murdered in his castle of Rath-
keale,! by John MacGibuin {i.e., Fitzgibbon), the
stammerer, from Magh Tamnach {i.e. Mahonagh),
through treachery and treason, as some say, at the insti-

1 See Amis. Four Masters ; also Journal R.S.A.I., vol. for years
1879-1882, p. 229.

CIVIL AFFAIRS OF THE DIOCESE. 335

gation of John, brother of the earl. MacGibuin was put
to death and his accomphces banished by Maurice,
another brother of the earl, who assumed the title as
tenth Earl of Desmond. He was lame, and was usually
borne in a horse-litter, which merited for him the
name of Vehiculus. He was also called Bellicosus, by
reason of his bravery.

Like all adherents of the house of York, he joined
Perkin Warbeck in 1497. After the exposure and cap-
ture of that impostor, he submitted to the king, who
not only pardoned Maurice, but received him into favour,
granting him all the customs, cockets, poundage and
prize wines of Limerick, Cork, Kingsale, Baltimore, and
Youghal, together with many other privileges.

He died at Tralee in the year 1520, and was buried in
the Dominican Convent of that town. With the death
of Maurice we now close the secular portion of this his-
tory, having brought it down to the eve of the Refor-
mation, the limit which we had marked out for ourselves.
The country portions of the diocese in this, as in the pre-
ceding century, had very little respect for law and order.
Most of the towns were fortified, and in that way enjoyed
partial security from the incursions of hostile visitors.
Towns such as BaUingarry, situated in remote parts of
the country without walls, were at the mercy of hostile
neighbours. And to safeguard their lives and property,
Henry IV, in the year 1408, granted to the Baihffs
and Commons of BaUingarry, certain customs to enable
them to build a wall round the town, the greater part of
which had been destroyed by the Irish foe and English
rebel.

Towards the close of this century, Kilmallock 1 suffered
much from the same class of enemies, and had to seek
the protection of the Government. In the year 1482, the

1 See Fitzgerald's History of Limerick, vol. ii., p. 407.

336 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

king, taking into consideration the many losses, hazards,
burnings, and other grievances which the town had sus-
tained from the Irish enemy and Enghsh rebel, granted
a licence to the Burgesses and their successors to elect
from themselves, on Monday after the 29th of Septem-
ber, with the consent of twelve of the better and chief
Burgesses, to be Sovereign, and in the case of his death
within the year to elect another. The king also granted
them divers customs for ever to build and keep in repair
stone walls round the town, and power to the Sovereign
and Common Council to assess the inhabitants, from time
to time, to pay the salary of the Sovereign and other
expenses for the common good of the town — saving to
the Bishop of Limerick and his successors all liberties,
services, and customs due to the Crown.

CHAPTER XVII.

THE MEDIEVAL RELIGIOUS FOUNDATIONS.

" Bernardus valles, montes Benedictus amabat,
Oppida Franciscus celebres Ignatius urbes."

MuNGRET, Killeedy and the other religious houses that
flourished in Hy Fidhgente sank beneath the wave of
Danish vandahsm, never to rise again.

In the new order of things their want was supplied
from the Continent, where saintly men had founded
new communities that were daily increasing throughout
Europe.

A short time before the coming of the Normans, the
Cistercians were introduced into Ireland, and with the
Normans came the Dominicans, Franciscans,Augustinians,
and other Orders, many of whom are with us to-day,
though the hand of the persecutor fell heavily upon them,
as the noble ruins of their medieval foundations bear
ample testimon3^

A history of the different medieval religious orders
that flourished in the diocese will be given here, as the
references to them are too meagre and scattered to be
inserted from century to century.

The Cistercians.

The Cistercian Order was founded by a body of Bene-
dictine monks, who adopted a severer and more secluded
rule of life, under the guidance of Robert, Abbot of the
Benedictine Abbey of Molesme. He established the first
house of the new Order at Citeaux in the year 1098.

Clairvaux was founded ir 11 15, being the fourth
branch house that was established in such a short space
of time.

Z

338

DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

When St. Malachy was journeying to Rome about
1 139, he rested at Clairvaux, which was then ruled by
the great St. Bernard. A warm and lasting friendship
sprung up between these two holy men. On the return
journey, Malachy placed some of his companions under
the care of St. Bernard, to be instructed in the rules and
regulations of the Order, with a view to introducing it

into Ireland. In due time these

youn

g levites came

MONASTERANENAGH.

home, accompanied hy some of the religious of Clair-
vaux, and established the first Cistercian Monastery in
their native land at Mellifont in 1142, which became the
fruitful mother of many houses of that Order in Ireland.
Turlough O'Brien, King of Thomond, introduced the
Order into Munster, and founded a monastery for them
a few miles south-east of Croom, on the left bank of the
Commogue, a tributary of the Maigue, in the year 1148 or
1151. In^official documents it is always styled St. Mary

MEDIEVAL RELIGIOUS FOUNDATIONS. 339

de Magio (perhaps from its proximity to the Maigue)
and in Irish records it is called Monasteranenagh.
There is no mention made of this house until the year
1174, when the name of Donatus, Abbot, occurs as a
subscribing witness to a grant made by Dermot, King of
Munster, to Gill Abbey, Co. Cork. John, as Earl ^of
Morton, gave a large grant of land to the Abbey. After
becoming king, he confirmed in the year 1201, to
the Abbey and the monks of Blessed Mary de Magio,
all the lands, etc., which they had of the king's
ancestors, of their benefactors since the king arrived in
Ireland, and of the kings and princes, as well of the Irish
as of the Franks, to hold in frankalmoin free from all
service, according to the liberty of the Cistercian Order.
Then the following list of townlands are given, viz. : —

Kenelmegan, where the monastery is situated.

Athecrokain.

Cealcon'ata.

Cealcongi (Kilconegan).

Athen (Athneasy).

Ceallmor.

Cluaincollam.

Cluain Mecsradin.

Baliidubdi.

Baliiduban

The Grange of Briddain.

Cluain Melrach,

Cleal Mecceril.

Balitarsim.

Cathirnachongearr.

Baliiedain.

Baliiriagan.

The Grange of Nahava.

Enachchuli inCorbaU (near Knockainey).

Culocdir.

Bali Idubgiurim.

340 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Leasswaribin.

Baliisoder.

riuain Crectain.

Cluain Ichadin in Taballgort.

Iglassain (in the first fruits, see year 1484, Dromin is
called Dromin O'Glizin. Evidently this townland is Dromin ;
it was also cabled Dromin O'Cleryn).

The grange of Coracoimgillain.

Bali Icarrig.

Bali leda.

Bali Ichunin.

Bali Ibrrenain.

Bali Isatchill from the marsh on the east of the grange
car the river on each side to the ford of Denndirg.

Onruadmon Icarrig to Gortnaren Ifedomair (Fedamore)

The grange of Naglochmib.

Bah Idub.

Leasconmaig.

Leasciarmocan.

Bali Idelgussa.

IMagnahengi from the ford of Scivil towards the east
tvith the whole marsh to Kilkillin and Kealkillin itself.

The grange of Cathircormi.

Salcuarain,

Bali Ichudin.

Bali Inacalligi from the ford of Crether to Crangulligin to-
]Makelkellan and the ford of Seagain ag.

The grange of Locgeir (Loughgur).

A moiety of Dungeir (fort at Loughgur).

The island which belongs to the ville of Locgeir.

Finnen.

Corthascin.

Clughur (Clogher):

Cromcon.

The mill of Almarain with its land of Arddarigan Greal
Laochilonbegan to Catercurrith.

Rathean.

Liamm,

MEDIEVAL RELIGIOUS FOUNDATIONS. 34I

Cathirflenn.

Magdorach.

The grange in Camuis (Camus).

Ceallseanig'.

Bali Ichearbain.

Bali Ilemi.

Bali [cunin.

Conacad.

Ceallconill with its appurtenances in length and breadth
to Tullachbracci. Brug (Bruff).

Cathircuaini and Chillconill aforesaid.

The grange of Intlevi.

Ceallcrumtirlapan (to the north of Bruff).

Cuillean in Corbal'.

Bali Imelinnan.

Cuthicathil.

Cealcodigi.

Cealladleach, in Rapalch (Glenroe district).

Cellpian.

Lathrachlami.

Bali Igerridir with its appurtenances, to wit, from the
river Gleannoneolain, where it enters Isinbecthig, to
Imeleachdregingi (Emly Grennan), and so to Cillnarath as
Samir (Morning Star) runs from it, to wit, Tulachmin, and
hence to the river Darachmuchua (Darragh), and the court
of the monks of Limerick with its appurtenances to wit,
Bearninnalith.

This vast estate extended from the monastery to
Loughgur and southward by Knockainey, and as far as
Darragh, embracing some of the fairest portions of the
Golden Vale. The monks did not long enjoy peaceable
possession of their grant, as the richness of the soil no
doubt excited the cupidity of some of the foreign adven-
turers, who were ever ready with a plausable excuse to
justify their actions.

1 Evidently this is the Cahercuan where Brian Born slew Donovan,
King of Hy Fidhgente, and was near Bruff.

342 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

In 1227, the king had to intervene on behalf of the
monks, by granting protection to the abbot, his tenants,
chattels, possessions, and had to instruct the justiciary
to vindicate the rights of their church which were
dispersed.

1229.1 A few years later, a protracted lawsuit com-
menced between Maurice of London, as plaintiff,
and the monastery, touching two knights' fees in
Glenogra.

In 1234, i- was to be tried at the King's Court in Lime-
rick, but the abbot obtained a respite as the dispute was
referred to the Cistercian Chapter ; and here the lands
are referred to as Ballihoder, Enaghculy, Culether,
Kalmarkan, and Granginhava.

1239. When Adam was appointed abbot, he com-
plained to the king that Maurice of London in the first
instance proceeded against William, formerly abbot,
who retired from the Abbey, secondly against his suc-
cessor, Donatus, who was deposed, and pressed his suit
during the vacancy that occurred while these changes
were taking place, when there was no one to answer the
plea, and thereby sought to inflict serious injury on the
community.

The king took a favourable view of the case, and
ordered the justiciary not to allow the Abbey to suffer
under the circumstances.

About 1260,2 the abbot and community granted to
to the bishop and chapter of the diocese certain lands
called Fearna Managh, near the White Stone Cross in the
city, in exchange for the townland of Ballioshoidir, which
was near the Abbey. The bishop added the newl}^-
acquired land to the prebend of Dysert.

About the same time, the abbot also granted to David
Long 3 a certain portion of land which lay within the walls

1 See 5. C. -D. /. 2 Und. ^Ibid.

MEDIEVAL RELIGIOUS FOUNDATIONS. 343

of the city, and extended in length from Palmanath-
street to the wall of the city, and in breadth from the nuns'
land on the one side to that of Wilham le Parmet on the
other. He also received another portion from them, ex
tending in length from the New Gate beside the arch of
the Friars Minor to the nuns' land.

1261. Thomas O'Malley was abbot.

1295. Adam de Dermogo was appointed abbot. It
would appear that in the latter part of this century some
of the English settlers joined the community and were
introducing the English language among them, which was
not at all relished. As a means of preventing such an
innovation, the superiors alienated some of the Abbey
property, chiefly to maintain a hatred of the English
language lest the English monks should remain.

1302. Tliis mode of procedure led to financial
embarrassment, as the abbot had to petition Edward I
to grant him terms for the payment of /209 6s. 8d., due by
the monastery to Gerard Gymbard and other members
of the Richardi Company of Luca, which was exacted
from the monastery because the chattels of this com-
pany were taken into the king's hands.

The king graciously granted the request, and gave
instructions that the community should receive favour-
able terms, owing to the poverty of the house.

1304. Isac, abbot, granted John Bathe the grange of
Grangenaw for the term of thirty years, paying annually
40 crannocks of bread corn, 20 of peas and beans, 20 of
oats, all properly cleaned and winnowed, and also that
he shall pay suit and service at the Court of Mage, and if
amerced it should not exceed 6d.

Wilham, the abbot in 1307, granted to Robert, bishop
of the diocese, all the land which Laurence O'Lenyk held
in Camysbeg for the term of 29 years at a rent of 50s.

1313. The system of alienating the property was still
carried on. as John the abbot petitioned the king for

^

SCRLE or FEET

PLAN OF MONASTERANENAGH ABBEY.

A TTmir Chaiiels D, Four Piers of Belfry. H, West Door.

ii Sed for Cantillon Vault. E, Arch (Norman Transit ion). I. Fire-place.
|*'J^;Squint"inLaterWall. F. La er Screen ^^ all. ^^ISn'wall. ^

''' A™ Walls in Black ; Later.^ShS Foundations. Outlines. [face page 345.

MEDIEVAL RELIGIOUS FOUNDATIONS. 345

The dress of the monks consisted of tunics of undyed
wool, with cowls. They wore neither linen nor fur gar-
ments, and were known as white monks. They observed
a rigorous silence, slept on beds of straw, rose before day-
light, and devoted themselves to prayer, study, tran-
scribing books, tending the infirm, and to labour in con-
nection with the cultivation of corn, vegetables, especi-
ally pulse, on which they lived, as animal food was strictly
forbidden by the rule.

It was specially laid down that each monastery should
be so situated as to include within its precincts water,
mill, garden, and everything required for the subsistence
of the monks. The situation of this Abbey fulfils all
these conditions.

The ruins of the church and chapter house are the
only parts of the Abbey now remaining, but as the Cis-
tercian monasteries were modelled on the plan of the
mother house, it is easy to reconstruct the missing
portions, as the foundations are partly visible.

The church consisted of a nave, ritual choir, where
the monks used to chant their office, a chancel, and two
side aisles.

The nave was 90 feet by 27 feet, and appears to be
the oldest part of the building still preserving the
characteristics of the Irish Romanesque style of archi-
tecture, which was developed in Ireland before
the coming of the Normans. In the western
gable there was a doorway, now defaced, and high
up the wall two round-headed windows. The choir
was 54 feet long and was separated by a screen wall
from the nave, which had a trefoil-headed window and
a low doorway. The belfry tower was between the choir
and chancel— it fell in 1806. The chancel was 27 feet
square, and lit by a beautiful three-lighted window, which
fell in 1874. There were two side aisles to the church,
which have disappeared, but the arches remain and are

34^ DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

much admired as specimens of Irish masonry before the
coming of the Enghsh. The chapter house is an oblong
building, with a three-lighted window facing the east, the
the side lights of which were closed, and a small cross-
barred window of the fifteenth-century style inserted in
the middle. The other parts of the building can be seen
in the subjoined plan.

There is the remains of a detached building standing
near the river, which was probably the guest-house, as
that building usually stood apart from the Abbey.

Ahheyfeale.

The Cistercians had another monastery in the diocese
at Abbeyfeale, which was founded by one of the O'Briens
in 1188. It afterwards became a cell to Monasterane-
nagh. There is nothing known about its history, except
a few vague references to its possessions in the Fiants.

The Abbey was situated where the present graveyard
is, and as late as the beginning of last century, the
foundations of some of the buildings could be traced.

The Dominicans.
St. Saviour's, Limerick.

The Dominican fathers were introduced into Limerick
by Donough Cairbreagh O'Brien, son of Donald, last Irish
king of the city, in the year 1227. They settled down near
King John's Castle, in the place now occupied by the
convent of the Sisters of Mercy, where a portion of the old
monastery still remains. The new foundation was
dedicated to St. Saviour, and soon became an important
house of the Order, as Provincial Chapters were held there
in the years 1279, 1294, and 1310.

1285.1 Soon after Edward I became king he granted
to the Dominicans of Dublin, Cork, Waterford, Limerick
and Drogheda 25 marcs a year at the Exchequer, Dublin^
IS. c. D. I.

MEDIEVAL RELIGIOUS FOUNDATIONS.

347

and for the affection he bears to the friars of Limerick,
which house was founded by his ancestors, wishes him-
self to increase this grace to tliem and to tlie friars above
mentioned. He therefore grants to the use of the friars
of Limerick lo marcs a year beyond the 25 marcs afore-
said to be paid at tlie Exchequer, Dubhn.

This grant would seem to convey that Edward's
ancestors, and not O'Brien, were the founders. The two

DOMINICAN PRIORY, LIMERICK.

statements may be reconciled by supposing that the land
on which the monastery was erected by O'Brien was
granted by the Crown. Moreover, the word foundation
in such circumstances has a wide signification. Great
efforts were made by the citizens to repair the injuries
that the men of Thomond inflicted on the city in 1369.
To further this laudable enterprise the corporation pur-
chased from the Dominicans ash trees, but delayed
payment so long that a liberate had to be issued for
/17 i8s. 8d., arrears due to them.

348 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

A few years later that august body received from
Edward III a grant of Moyneter Corbally as a help to
put the fortifications of the city in proper repair. Al-
though the Dominican convent was situated close to
the city walls, forming almost a part of the fortifications
and almost in ruins, the corporation refused to allow
them any of the grant. The friars, however, petitioned
Parliament, with the result that Edward III, in 1377,
issued a mandate to the mayor and bailiffs of the city,
commanding them to pay 40s. yearly out of the said
grant to the friars.

In 1399 they received a grant of 30 marcs annually.

In 1504 this house adopted the regular observance,
and in 1509, together with the communities of Youghal,
Cork and Coleraine, was formed into a " Congregation of
Regular Observance."

When it was suppressed in 1541 Father Edmond,
the superior, was found in possession of a church, steeple >
dormitory, three chambers, a cemetery, and sundry
closes, containing one acre and a half. It had also in
its possession St. Thomas's Island, the fishery of the
salmon weir, Monabrahir (now the low-lying land be-
tween the Long Pavement and Parteen) and Courtbrack.
There was taken from the convent by the Government
officials, three reliquaries weighing 10 ounces, with several
stones the value of which the Commissioners were unable
to tell, four stones of crystal bound with silver weighing
10 ounces, four-score pound weight of wax, being in said
church, and iron to the sum of twenty stone and above.

In 1543 "the most part of the possessions of the mon-
astery, together with the house itself, was granted to
James, Earl of Desmond.

1586. Peyton, in his survey of the escheated lands of
Garret the last Earl, includes this monastery among them,
and has the following reference to it : —

The site of the late monastery of Dounoho Carbry, other-

MEDIEVAL RELIGIOUS FOUNDATIONS. 349

wise called Monastery Woghtro (high or upper), with certain
gardens, orchards, near the King's Island, value 22s., were
lately in the possession of John Commin, Merchant.

There is one parcel of land belonging to this abbey
called Courtbrack (now that part of the city extending
from the church of the Redemptorists to the present
race-coursed, which was given to the monastery by the
Earl of Desmond, and the said parcel is charged among
the earl's lands, which was always in the possession of
the monastery and never severed from it. These were
finally granted to the corporation. The monastery
became a favourite burial-place for many distinguished
families and individuals in bygone times. The statue
and tomb of the founder Donough O'Brien, were pre-
served in Ware's time, but have since totally disappeared.
A copy of the epitaph is still in existence, viz : —

Here lies Donogh Carbreagh O'Brien, a valiant leader in
arms, Prince of Thomond, made a knight by the King of
England, who built the church of the Friars of the Order
of Preachers, who died the eighth day of March, 1241. On
whose soul may the Lord have mercy. Amen. Let each
one devoutly say a Pater and Ave.

There were also eight bishops interred there, namely
Hubert de Burgo, Bishop of Limerick in 1250 ; Donald^
O' Kennedy, Bishop of Killaloe in 1252 ; Christian, Bishop
of Kilfenora in 1254 J Matthew O'Hogan, Bishop of
Killaloe in 1281 ; Simon O'Currin, Bishop of Kilfenora in
1303 ; Maurice O'Brien, Bishop of Kilfenora in 1321 ;
Maurice O'Grady, Archbishop of Cashel in 1345 ; Matthew
Magrath, Bishop of Kilfenora in 1391. Six of these
prelates are commemorated in the following Latin verses
which was formerly inscribed on their sepulchral vault : —
' ^ Senos pontifices in se locus claudit iste

Illis multiphces, Te posco, praemia Christe
Omnes hi fuerant Fratrum Laris hujus amici ;
Hubertus de Burgo, praesul quondam Limerici

350 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Donaldus Mattheus, pastores Laonenses ;
Christianus Mauritius, Simon quoque Fenaborenses
Ergo benigne Pater, locus hos non Comprimat ater.
Qui legas ista Pater dicas et Ave reboa ter
Centum namque dies quisque rogitando meretur
Detur ut his requies si pura mente precetur.
Qui legis hos versus ad te quandoque reversus
Quid sis et quid eris animo vigih mediteris
Si minor his fueris seu major eorumve sodahs
Tandem pulvis eris nee falht regula tahs.

Translated by Harris, thus : —

Six prelates here do lie, and in their favour
I beg your friendly prayers to Christ our Saviour,
Who in their lifetime for this House did work ;
The first of whom I name was Herbert Burke
Who graced the See of Limerick, and Matthew
With Donlad, Bishops both of Killaloe ;
Christian and Maurice I should name before,
And Simon, Bishops late of Fenabore ;
Therefore, kind Father, let not any soul
Of these good men be lodged in the Black hole.
You who read this, kneel down in humble posture,
Bellow three Aves, say one Pater Nosier.
Whoever for their souls sincerely prays
Merits indulgence for an hundred days ;
And you who read the verses on this stone,
Bethink yourself and make the case your own.
Then seriously reflect on what you see,
And think what you are now and what you'll be —
Whether you're greater, equal, less, you must
As well as these, be crumbled into dust.

In this inscription there is no mention made of the
last two prelates, from which it may be inferred that it
was composed before their death.

Many of the citizens were benefactors to the monas-
tery, notably Martin Arthur, who built a splendid peri-

MEDIEVAL RELIGIOUS FOUNDATIONS.

351

style of marble to the church, and when dying in 1376
ordered his body to be buried in that church. His will
is still extant, and gives us a peep into the times in which

he lived, as it contains many curious bequests, viz. :

In the name of God, I, the aforesaid Martin, bequeath
my soul to God, the Blessed Virgin, and all the Saints, my
body to be buried in the church of the Preaching Friars in
Limerick. I also bequeath to the Cathedral of St. Mary.
Limerick, for forgotten tithes, marcs
Also the Preaching Friars
For the friar's habit to be put on him.
To the Friars Minor (Franciscans)
To the vicars of the church of St. Mary
To the church of the Holy Cross
To^the vicar of St. Nicholas
To the repair of St. Munchin's
To the church of St. Peter
To^the church of St. Michael
To the church of St. John the Baptist
To the church of St. Lawrence
To the church of St. Patrick
To Serah Wingaine
To Mr. John Lawless
To Mr. John White, chaplain
To Mariota Mylys
To John Sale, monk
To Friar Maurice O'Cormacaine
To Friar Simon Modin .
To Preaching Friars to pray for his soul
To Nurse Johanna

According to the Elizabethan map of the city this
monastery had a lofty belfry and four ranges of buildings
in good repair.

In 1586 the buildings and grounds passed to the
corporation, who leased them to tenants. However 1

. 20

0

I

8

lalf marc

. . 10

0

2

0

•• 3

4

2

0

4

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

half marc

•• 3

4

2

0

2

0

.. 8

0

1 White's MS.

352 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

we are informed that Pope Innocent X, in 1644, con-
verted this house into a university. In 1679 the Govern-
ment took a lease ol a portion of the grounds for 100
years, and built a barrack there capable of containing
800 soldiers. When the mihtary left in 1779 it was
turned into a brewery, and about the same time a tan-
yard was built on another part of the grounds. Once
again it has become the home of a community of nuns
who guard with loving care the crumbling ruins of old
St. Saviour's, which was so much favoured by kings and
princes in the hey-day of its glory.

A portion of the belfry and one long high wall of the
church, pierced with lancet windows, are all that remain
of the ancient buildings. The debris of stonework and
tracery that are gathered near this wall formed no part
of the monastery, but were collected from old buildings
in various parts of the city and were placed here for
safety.

Sixmilehridge. ^

At Sixmilehridge, County Clare, there was a chapel
belonging to the Dominicans of Limerick, but was not
kept in repair or inhabited since the commencement of
the war in 1641. De Burgo^ visited the place in I754,
and could find no trace of chapel.

Kilmallock.

The Dominican priory of Kilmallock was founded in
1 291, by some friars of the Order, who received a plot
of land from a burgess of that town.

The Bishop of the Diocese, being the feudal lord of
Kilmallock, gave orders to have the friars ejected, as
they did not obtain his permission. Being unwilling to
leave, they were forcibly ejected by the clerks and

^ See O'Heyne's /ris/j Dominicans, by Coleman, p. 121.
* Vid. Hib.Doin. p. 213.

MEDIEVAL RELIGIOUS FOUNDATIONS.

35:

servants of his Lordship. The friars resented this harsh
treatment, and appealed to the king for a redress of their
grievances. Tlie king wrote on the 3rd of October, 1291,
to Wilham de Vesey, Justiciary of Ireland, commanding
him to enquire by the oaths of twelve men of Kilmallock
and that neighbourhood, by whom and by whose autho-
rity the friars had been expelled ; whether the land owes

DOMINICAN PRIORY, KILMALLOCK.

any rent or service to the lord of the fee or any other
person.

The inquisition! was taken at Cashel, December 31st,
1291, by the following jurors, Henry Bayard, Ralph
Picard, Walter Housse, Richard Mereston, William
Bromfeld, Adam Fitzjohn, Robert le Flemeng, Wihiam

1 See S.C.D.I. The names of Henry Bayard, Ralph Ricard,
Walter Housse, WilUam Long, occur also in the undated grant
of house property to the cathedral in the Black Book already
referred to, which goes to show they were the same persons, and
would fix the date of these documents at least from 1280 to 1300.

354 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Long Burgesses, Thomas de Berkeley, William the
Lyie, Walter Kemeys, John Mor, David Mutun,
John Laurence, Hugh Cran, Simon the Wyta, who
say upon their oath that the friars by the grant of
the king, as far as he could grant, purchased a piece of
land from John Bluet, senior burgess of Kilmallock,
and remained in possession of it for seven weeks, when
they were ejected therefrom and their houses levelled by
Reymond Dran, Robert Blund, Archdeacon, and Simon
Fitzjohn, Canon of Limerick, Thomas Ketying, Walter
de Caherhussoc, Walter de la Roche, Chaplain, William
Leynach, Chaplain, Gregory, Chaplain, Roger Young,
Chaplain, Walter Cooke, Seneschal of the Bishop of
Limerick, John Dullard, John Caher, Geoffrey de Caher,
Richard le Blund, cousin of the Archdeacon aforesaid,
Alan Gyllefides, Raymund le Croutur, cousin of the
Dean aforesaid, Henry Baggheboscher, and Geoffrey
the Doctor. They further state that this piece of land
owes no rent or service to the bishop as lord of the fee,
and that the residence there of the friars would not
tend to the prejudice of the king, the lord of the fee, or
any other person.

The records of this house are practically nil up to
the Reformation, except the following.

1318. William, Bishop of Emly, was accused of
taking a box of silver out of the church of the Friars
Preachers, Kilmallock.

1340. A Provincial Chapter was held here. After
the dissolution, this monastery was leased by the Crown
to James Earl of Desmond, and in 1594 it was granted
to John Miagh, Sovereign, the brethren and commonalty
of Kilmallock for ever in free soccage at the annual rent
of 35 shillings and 8 pence Irish money.

The ruins of this beautiful and extensive Priory are
situated on the right bank of the Loobagh, to the north
of the town. It was subdivided into a church and

MEDIEVAL RELIGIOUS FOUNDATIONS. 355

convent. The former was divided into chancel, nave,
and transepts ; a lofty tower stands at the intersection of
these parts. The chancel has a five-light east window,
which is much admired as a specimen of the chaste and
elegant style of Gothic architecture ; in the south wall
there are six lancet windows, and in the interior a cano-
pied tomb. The nave and other parts of the building
. though much injured, still retain the outline of the
original. It is well worth visiting, as the ruins are con-
sidered by competent authority to excel in decoration
and sculpture.

Ballinegaul.

Ballinegaul, about seven miles south-east of Kil-
mallock, is generally considered to have been a Domi-
nican Priory. However, in the State Papers of Edward
VI (1551-2) it is described as the monastery of the
White Friars of Ballinegaul, County Limerick, thereby
implying that it was a Carmelite foundation, as White
Friars was their usual designation. In Peyton's Survey
of 1586 it is called the residence of the Braher duffe alias
the Black Friars in Ballinegaul. According to this
authority the site of the various buildings, which were
entirely ruined, with certain gardens was estimated at
half an acre ; the other possessions in the vicinity
amounted to a half quarter and two acres. " The town
and lands of Ballinegaul and the said house of fryers
doe all lye waste."

The Franciscans.

The Franciscan monastery i in the city of Limerick
is considered to have been founded in the year 1260, as
it is enumerated among the convents of the custody of

1 History of the Franciscans, by Rev. Hugh Ward. See Duffy's Irish
Catholic Magazine, Vol. i., p. 72, April, 1877.

356 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Cork erected in the General Chapter of Norbonne held
that year. The foundation is generally attributed to
WilHam De Burgo, who was married to Ania daughter of
Donald O'Brien, last King of Limerick. It became a
favourite burial-place for some of the Anglo-Norman
families, notably the De Burgos and the De Clares.

In 1293 the friars of this house received a pension of
35 marcs from Edward I. There is no record relating to
this monastery until 1376, when they were engaged in
a dispute with Peter Creagh, Bishop of the Diocese, the
history of which has been given already.

In 1534 it was reformed by the Observantines.

In 1539, 3-t the suppression, it was found to contain
within its precincts, a church, dormitory, cloister, hall,,
kitchen, three chambers, a garden of one acre of small
measure, with ten messuages, and ten gardens in and
near the site and precincts with their appurtenances^
was estimated at the yearly value of 43s. 2d. It was also
found that Donough the last Guardian and the friars
voluntarily left the premises.

In 1544 the tithes of this house were granted to Lord
Baron of Castleconnell, and the Friary to Edmond Sexton
for ever at 2S. 2d. sterling. The monastery was situated
outside the walls in that locality now known as the Abbey
and near the river.

Father Mooney, who made a tour of inspection of the
Franciscan monasteries of Ireland in the year 1615 thus
describes it : —

The site was delightful lying to the south of the Domini
can house and north of the Holy Cross, and it had extensive
(jrchards and gardens. The walls were still standing though
unroofed, and were of poor masonry, but the ruins were
spacious. Its founder was the Baron of Castleconnell or one
of his family, and it was the burial-place of the De Burghos.
A Protestant named Sexton held it. It was a mere refuse

MEDIEVAL RELIGIOUS FOUNDATIONS. 357

heap and used for a tannery. The records and precious
movables were lost, but a few of its friars rented a house
in the city.

Friarstown.

In Friarstown,! between Limerick and Fedamore,
there was a Franciscan monastery, the history of which
is unknown. An undated Inquisition taken between
1586 and 1590 informs us that Gerald Baluff f. Phihp,
a rebel, held the house of St. Francis de Ballynabrahrair
in Twoh-Oreyn in the parish of Caheravally. The mon-
astic buildings have long since disappeared, but the church
is in a fair state of preservation, measuring 81J- feet in
length and 19 feet wide to the south. There is a projecting
wing 29 feet by 17 feet 4 inches

Askcaton.

The Franciscan monastery of Askeaton, according
to Wadding, was founded by one of the Earls of Desmond
in the year 1389. The Four Masters and Ware, however,
place the foundation as late as 1420, which may be recon-
ciled with the above if we place the coming of the friars
at 1389, and the completion of the buildings at 1420.
The founder built a tomb in the church for himself and
family which was smashed in pieces by Malby in 1579.
The MacMahons of Corcovaskin, and other families of
note made this church their burial place. It was re-
formed to the strict observance in 1497, and was handed
over to them in 1513 by the Provincial, Patrick Healy.

In 1541 a court was held in the Chapter House of this
convent before Maurice, Official General of the Diocese
of Limerick, and Hugh Lees, Canon of St. Mary's Cathe-
dral, in the presence of John, Bishop of the Diocese, at
which John, son of Thomas, son of Philip, Knight of
Glin, admitted his indebtedness of five marcs in usual

1 See Westropp's Survey of Churches, Co. Limerick.

358 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

English money for certain lands he held from the Bishop
at Cappagh, Kilmaclwony.^ No doubt this religious
house fell under the bann of suppression in 1539, but
owing to the influence of the Earls of Desmond, the
friars were allowed to remain in the convent until 1579.
when it was burned down by Malby.

According to Peyton's Survey in 1586 the friars held,
with the convent buildings, a certain field north of the
convent called Clone numrare, or the friars' land, a water
mill within the town called Mollin beg, near the Earl of
Desmond's mill ; Corra numar', or the friars' fishing weir ;
they were also entitled to tithes of fish taken in the earl's
weir near the bridge, namely, of the fish taken therefrom
12 o'clock on Saturday to 6 o'clock on Monday. The
ruins of the abbey consist of a church tiS^ feet long by
23 feet wide, which was lighted by a large window of four
shafts. The altar still remains, but devoid of ornament.
High up in the chancel wall at the gospel side there is
the figure of an ecclesiastic carved in stone clad in vest-
ments holding in his left hand a crozier with the crook
turned out, the sign of jurisdiction, and the right hand
raised in blessing. Judging from the round shaped mitre
it looks like the effigy of a Pope. Further down at the
same side there was a transept running north. At the
epistle side, and near the altar on the chancel wall, there
is an elaborate monument to the Stephenson family, now
much injured, and about which we may have much to say
at some future time, as its history is outside the scope
of this work.

The cloister, which is composed of a beautiful series
of arches, forms a quadrangle, measuring 51^ feet square,
and is the most pleasing feature of the building. At the
north-east end of the cloister there is a statue of St.
Francis in a recess, the face of which is partly worn away
by the kisses of devout pilgrims. The Chapter-room is

1 See B.B.L., p. 144,

4 FRACMCr

ORIGINAL
ADDITIONS

I'i MODERN

n FOUNDATIONS

PLAN OF ASKEATOX ABBEY.

(1 Sod i la. Lr, >aiMl > jluiL. ',,„.,j ■„ f>or.oco

C, Sedilia

D, Passage.

H, Garderobes.

L, Reader's Recess.

[ face page 358.

MEDIEVAL RELIGIOUS FOUNDATIONS. 359

in a good state of preservation, and contains a tomb of
the Nash family.

The other buildings were the refectory and kitchen.
The upper rooms of dormitory are in a very dilapidated
condition.

The Franciscan Convent of -Adare.
This convent i was founded in the year 1464 by Thomas
Earl of Kildare, and his wife Johanna, daughter of James
Earl of Desmond, who built the church and fourth part
of the cloister at their own expense. They also furnished
the windows of the church with glass and presented the
bell and two silver chalices. The friars took possession
of the convent on the feast of All Saints the same year.
The church was dedicated to St. Michael the Archangel,
and consecrated on his feast in the year 1466. The
other parts of the building were built by pious laymen.
The bell tower was erected by Cornelius O'SuUivan, a
pious and devout stranger who settled among them ; he
also presented the friars with a beautiful chalice gilt with
gold. Margaret Fitzgibbon, wife of Cunlaid O'Dea,
erected the great chapel ; a small one by John son of the
Earl of Desmond and another of the same dimensions by
Leogh de Tulcostyn and Margaret wife of Thomas Fitz-
maurice. The other parts of the buildings were com-
pleted by the generosity and zeal of pious donors, viz.,
Donough O'Brien of Ara and his wife built the dormitory ;
Rory O'Dea a fourth part of the cloister and presented
a useful silver chalice ; Marianus O'Hickey erected the
refectory and wooden panellings at the north side, of the
choir, and later on entered the Order and died in this
convent ; Edmond Thomas, Knight of Glin and his Hanora
Gibbon, erected the infirmary. Johanna O'Loughlin,

^ See Franciscan Tertiary, April, 1895 ; "SleehiLn's Franciscan Monas-
teries (Duffy & Co.) ; Memorials of Adare.

360 DIOCESE OF LIMEKICK.

widow of Fitzgibbon, added ten feet to the sanctuary,
under which she directed a burial-place to be formed for
herself. The deaths of most of these pious benefactors
are given, and many of them found a grave within the
hallowed precincts of the convent.

Mooney, when he visited Cork, had the pleasure of
seeing some of the precious possessions of this convent*
which were under the custody of Father Thomas
Geraldine, and consisted of a ciborium for the Blessed
Sacrament gilt with gold and of good workmanship ; a
silver processional cross, and six or seven chalices. He
also saw a list of the sacred vestments and was much
surprised at 'the number ; but all these had perished
under the decaying hand of time.

This convent was inhabited by the friars as late as
I579» but it was granted in 1585 to Wallop, and from at
least that time ceased to be a Franciscan convent. When
Mooney visited the place he found the roof fallen in but
the walls standing and the glass uninjured in some of
the windows. The ruins of the convent are in the
demesne of the Earl of Dunraven, and are in a good state
of preservation.

Kilshane, Ballingarry.

Fitzgerald of Cleanglass is said to have founded a
monastery for Conventual Franciscans at Kilshane, near
the village of Ballingarry, but the date is unknown. In
White's list of churches it is mentioned as belonging to
the Third Order of St. Francis. This house has been
frequently confounded with the Cistercian cell of
Kilshanny, County Clare, perhaps owing to the simi-
larity of names. From an inquisition 1 we learn that
Gerot Baluff f. Philip held " the patronage of the religious
house of St. Francis called Kilshane, with a water mil]

1 See Westropp's Survey of Ancient Churches of Limerick.

MEDIEVAL RELIGIOUS FOUNDATIONS. 361

in Ballingarry and a part of Kilnemona in Clonkath "
when he joined the rebelHon in 1584. A part of the church
and tower was standing in 1840, but the ruins are now
levelled to the ground.

The Knights Templars.

This Order had a house in the city, but where it was
situated is not exactly known. Lenihan says it was in
Quay Lane. The Order was suppressed in 1307, and
their lands and possessions in Ireland, as well as in
other countries, handed over to the Hospitallers.

According to the return made at the time of the
seizure, the property of the Templars in Limerick was
valued at 3s. " Lymer civit, De bonis Templariorum 3s.
per Robertum de Trim."

Lewis's Topographical Dictionary is partly respon-
sible for propagating the false notion that many of the
castles in the county were built by the Templars.

The Hospitallers.

The Hospitahers, or Knights of St. John, had no
house in the Diocese of Limerick, but the spittle land
mentioned in Adare and other places belonged to the
Hospitallers' house of Aney, which was founded by
Geoffrey de Marisco (1215-1226), and probably endowed
by him with these lands in Adare, etc., as he was lord
of that manor as early as 1226.

The following grant ^ made to Thomas Browne, Esq.,
1 6th of May, second year James I, clears up the point : —
"The entire Manor, Lordship, and preceptory or Hospital
of Anye, with all its castles, forts, lands, and heredita-
ments in Ayne, Ballinclogh, Lymericke, Kilmallock,
Adare, Croghe alias Croghee, Burgage Asketton, Rath-

1 Irish Patent Rolls of James I, by Hatchel

362 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

keale, Ardagh Cashel, Carrick, etc., being the parcel
of the temporal estate of the said Hospital."

Browne also got the following rectories and chapels
in the Diocese of Limerick, as part of the possession of
said Hospital, viz, : — Browe or Bruffe, Rochestown,
Adare, Newtown near iVdare, and Rathronan.

The Trinitariaji House, Adare.

In the year 1198 the Trinitarian Order was
founded in France, by John de Matha and Felix de
Valois for the redemption of Christian captives from the
Saracens, and spread rapidly through Europe. It is not
exactly known when the Adare house was founded, but
it may be inferred from the fact that Geoffrey de Marisco
in the year 1226 obtaining a grant to hold a fair
at Adare during the eight days following the feast of St.
James — the patron saint of this house — that it was
already in existence, and that the fair was held on the
octave of the feast of this monastery and church.

If this conjecture be correct the Trinitarians must
have been introduced and endowed by Geoffrey. Bonaven-
ture Baron ^ says that it was founded in the year 123Q
by the agency of Scotch Trinitarian fathers of Dunbar,
the chief of whom was John Comyn, Minister, as the
head of the house was styled, in the Trinitarian Oilder.
Lopez, a Spanish Trinitarian, published a book called
Noticias Historicas del Orden de la Santissima Trinidad
redempcion de Cautivos en Inglaterra, Escocia, y Hibernia.
Madrid, 1714 ; in which he gives a very full account of
the foundation and early history of this house. This
work was closely examined by competent critics, and
found unreliable in most of its statements regarding
Adare, which are given in detail in the Memorials of
Adare.

' History of Trinitarian Order in Ireland.

MEDIEVAL RELIGIOUS FOUNDATIONS. 363

Turning to more trustworthy sources we find the
following references to this monastery : —

In 1292 the king commanded the chancellor to direct,
under the Great Seal, the sheriff of Limerick to enquire
whether it would be to the king's damage to grant licence
to Adam de Leyns, parson of the Church of Allekagh
(Atlilacca), to give to the prior and convent of Adare
two carucates in Adare, and whether those religious
might take and appropriate a gift of three marcates of
rent in the same vill.i Though the name of the monas-
tery is not given, it must necessarily refer to it, as there
was no other foundation at Adare at this early date.
In the taxation of 1302 and 1306 it is mentioned and
taxed.

1319. Peter, Minister of the Order of Holy Trinit}^
Adare, with three monks, John Croyne, John Lees, and
Gilbert de Clare, were accused of seizing the goods of
tlie Augustinians.-

1329. Peter got licence to purchase tliree acres m
Adare. 3

1359. The Convent got a grant of £20 a year,* wliich
would be equivalent to £200 or £300 at the present time.

1414. A report was made to the Holy See that the
ofhce of Minister of the Trinitarian house of St. James,
Adare, was void by the death of Walter Northyn. John
Flemyng of the same house unlawfully detained it, and
inhibited under pain of excommunication and otherwise
Thomas Butler, priest and friar of the same house, from
going to Rome for the purpose of obtaining the said
ofhce.

The Pope issued a mandate to Cornelius O'Dea,
Bishop of the Diocese, the Abbot of St. Mary's, Mon-
asternanagh, and Edmond Fitzadam, Canon of the

1 See S.C.D.I. 2 piea Roll of 13 Ed; II. 3 Patent Roll. ^Ibid.

364 DIOCESE_OF LIMERICK.

Diocese, to summon John, and if found guilty of the
above charge, to collate Thomas Butler as Minister,
and to a conventual dignity with cure, and elective, for
the minister's use and table, value not exceeding six
marcs. 1

1484. Eugene Ofaelain (O'Phelan) cleric of the
diocese of Cloyne, principal, bound himself to the Apos-
tolic Chamber for the first fruits of the monastery of
St. James, Athdare, Order of the Holy Trinity for the
redemption of captives, value 50 marcs sterling, vacant
by the death of John Macklanyche, former prior.

1497. John Ardibard, brother of the Hospital house
of St. James of Hathdar (Adare), Order of Holy Trinity
for redemption of captives, diocese of Limerick, bound
himself to the Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits
of the ministership of said house, value 50 marcs,
vacant by the privation of Richard, Archbishop of
Cashel.

1506. Thomas de Geraldinis bound himself to the
Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits of the monastery
of St. James, Athdary (Adare), vacant in a certain
manner, also for the parochial church of Croom.

At the general suppression 2 of the monasteries in
Ireland " the Prior of this house, was found seized
of the same with Pigeon House, 50 acres of land within
the precincts, also of the tithes thereof, and two plough-
lands adjoining the Friary, one called Upland or Bernard,
and the other the Castle and half ploughland of Roberts-
town ; the village and half ploughland of Kilkerely
alias Kilcoyle alias Kilbride ; the field of Gormon near
Adare, and sixteen acres adjoining the meadow or marsh
of Corbinminster, lying on the south side of the Friary ;
the mill and water-course in Adare, two salmon weirs

1 Bliss, Papal Letters, Rolls Series.

2 In Archdall's Monasticon these lands are wrongly given as
belonging to the Franciscan Monastery, Adare.

MEDIEVAL RELIGIOUS FOUNDATIONS. 365

on the river Maigue, and an eel weir in the parish of
Adare ; the meadow of Nonynshaghragherees, situated
on the south side of the Friary, and a garden plot near
the same ; the rectory and vicarage of the town and
parish of Adaire, together with all the tithes issuing from
the following towns, viz. : — Adaire, Finittstown, Lisse-
marry, Choro, Toagh, Kilnockane, Liskalla, Graige,
Derryvenane, Knockane, Ballingford, Currowe, Kilrogan,
Comyns, Boalbally, Castle Roberts, Reynroe, Cloghrane,
Killivaraghe, Rower, Faningstown, Liscollybehy, Gow-
lane, Ballymacclery, Glanenoe, half of Ballygeill, and
from all the lands of in the parish of Adaire."

This and the other monasteries of Adare passed
through many hands until they became the property of
Thady Quin in 1684. In 1811 the first Earl of Dunraven
repaired the ruin of the Trinitarian church, and pre-
sented it to the Catholics as a parochial church. The
Trinitarian Fathers wore a white habit with a red and
blue cross.

The Aiigustinian House or Black Abbey, Adare.

John, Earl of Kildare, in the year 1315 founded a
house for Augustinian Hermits at Adare. The charter
of foundation is dated 13 17, and is as follows : — •

A charter for the Brothers of St. Augustine. Be it known
to you that by an act of our special grace and from motives
of charity, we have granted to the brothers of the Order of
St. Augustine of Adare, for the benefit of our own soul and the
souls of our predecessors, which those brothers can retain for
themselves and their successors, for pure and perpetual
charity, one piece of ground of two burgages in the manor of
Adare (which John the son of Thomas Earl of Kildare formerly
granted to those brothers, and which Thomas the son of John
present Earl of Kildare confirmed for them) and also one
piece of half a burgage which belonged to Richard of Adare,
chaplain ; in the same town one piece of ground of half a

366 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

burgage which belonged to John Madak, also in the said town ;
two acres of land which belonged to Robert le Blound and his
son John in the same town, and adjoining the above-mentioned
one piece of ground of two burgages and a half. And one
piece of ground of one burgage which belonged to William
de Burne in the same town. For we have discovered by
enquiries made at our desire that this concession does not
redound to the injury or prejudice of ourselves or others,
except merely inasmuch as thereby w^e may be deprived
after death of the above-mentioned Earl of Kildare of five
shillings and sixpence of revenue due to us out of the afore-
said tenements. Witness, Roger de Mortimer, deputy.
Dated 13th day of December, 1317, in the year of our
reign 11." (Ed. II.)

In 1322, as we have seen, some of its goods were
forcibly seized by some of the Trinitarian monks. Like
many of the conventual establishments of this period
its history is very obscure, as there is no document
known to exist in reference to this house from 1322 to
the final suppression.

This house was also known as the Black Abbey, and
lies near the bridge of Adare, on the south bank of the
Maigue. A considerable portion of the old buildings still
remains, such as the nave and choir of the church, an
inserted bell tower, side chapel, convent gateway and
out-buildings, with a pigeonry, a detailed description
of which will be found in the Memorials of Adare. In
1807 the buildings were fitted up as a Protestant church
for the parish of Adare.

The Augustmian House, Rathkeale.

This religious house is said to have been founded by
one Gilbert Harvey for Augustinian Canons of the Order
of Aroasia, but the date is unknown. It must have been
founded early in the thirteenth century, as John the
Prior, in the year 1280, received a grant for this mon-

MEDIEVAL RELIGIOUS FOUNDATIONS. 367

astery from Elinor Purcell of the tenth loaf of every
baking, the tenth flagon of every brewing, the tenth pork,
the tenth mutton, and a considerable portion of every
ox killed in the manor of Mayer (evidently Mayncroo
alias Croagh), to the due performance of which she bound
herself and her heir. In 1290 a lawsuit was carried on
between Thomas le Chapeleyn, Guardian of the house
of St. Senan of Iniscatha (Scattery Island), and Benedict,
Prior of St. Mary's house, Rathkeale.

1307. Hugh, son of Elinor Purcell, was sued by the
Prior of this house for not fulfilling the grant made to
the monastery by his mother. Hugh pleaded that his
mother made the grant after settling the manor on the
heir. The Prior rejoined that after Elinor's death John
the Prior was put into possession of the charity by Hugh
who ratified his mother's deed.

The lawsuit ended in a compromise, Hugh agreeing
to give to the Prior yearly in lieu of the grant 2 crannogs
of bread-corn, and three crannogs of oats, on the feast
of St. Michael, and four porks on the feast of St. Martin,
for ever.

13 18. Thomas Purcell was prior this year and accused
of violence at Moycro (Croagh).

1410. In taxation of the diocese it was valued at
four marcs.

1462. John O'Keit, Canon of the Order of St. Augus-
tine, as principal, bound himself to the Apostolic Camera
for the first fruits of the Priorship of St. Mary's Raid-
geilla (Rathkeale) of said Order, in the diocese of
Limerick, value £12 sterling, about to be vacated by the
privation of William O'Keit who failed to pay his first
fruits.

1463. Pope Pius II. addressed a letter to the Prior
of Raydgella (Rathkeale), diocese of Limerick, the
Chancellor, and Gerald Phil de Geraldinis, Canon of
Limerick, containing instructions about conferring the

368 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Rectorship of Randbarad, diocese of Ardfert, on David
Fitzmaurice of the same diocese (Theiner).

1476. PhiUp O'Ronanyn, Canon of Limerick, Bachelor
of Decrees, as principal and private person bound himself
to the Apostolic Camera in the name of John Geraldinis
perpetual vicar of Cloenach (Clonagh), Limerick diocese,
for the first fruits of the Priorship of St. Mary's, Ragkely
(Rathkeale), Order of St. Augustine, which was accus-
tomed to be governed by a prior, vacant by the death of
the late prior William O'Keit ; also for the first fruits
of the perpetual vicarage of Cloenach, value five marcs,
of which he was in possession and allowed to hold with
the priorship.

1479. John Offaillayn (O'Phelan), cleric of the diocese
of Limerick as procurator, bound himself on behalf of
Tadeo Oilatif, perpetual vicar of Khilscanyll (Kilscannell),
Limerick diocese, for the first fruits of the Priorship
of St. Mary's, Rathgial (Rathkeale), Order of St. Augus-
tine, value twelve marcs, vacant by David John entering
the Order of Friars Minor of the strict observance.

1489. Donald Ikellid (O'Kelly), Canon of the mon-
astery of Clonturkert, diocese of Clonfert, principal^
bound himself for the first fruits of the Priorship of the
monastery of Raygila (Rathkeale), of the same Order,
value sixty marcs, vacant by the resignation of Donat
O'Kellid (O'Kelly).

1500. Dionysus O'Chachern, Canon of Limerick,
bound himself to the Apostolic Chamber for the first
fruits of the Priorship of B.V. Ragille (Rathkeale)^
Order of St. Augustine, value twelve marcs, vacant by
privation.

1503. The Venerable Peter de Firmo in the name of
Maurice Fellayn, bound himself for the first fruits of
the Priorship B.V. of the Order of St. Augustine, Rath-
galley (Rathkeale), vacant by the resignation of Thadi
Offlaythyn.

MEDIEVAL RELIGIOUS FOUNDATIONS. 3^9

1503. David O'Flahyn, Canon of the Monastery of
the Blessed Virgin Mary, Order of St. Augustine of Rach-
gell (Rathkeale), bound himself for the first fruits of the
Priorship of the said monastery,vacant in a certain way.

15 13. Thomas Offlayff bound himself to the Apostohc
chamber for the first fruits of the Priorship of the
Blessed Virgin, Order of St. Augustine, Ragell (Rath-
keale), vacant in a certain manner, value twelve marcs.

From this to the suppression of the monasteries in
Ireland there does not seem to be any record in exist-
ence that would help to trace its history.

According to an inquisition held in Ehzabeth's reign,
it was in the possession of Gerald Baluff, who was slain
in the rebelhon, and afterwards granted to Sir H. Wallop.
In Peyton's Survey (1586) the following account of its
possessions is given : —

It was found that the site of the monastery, a castle called
Cam ne Monaster' alias the castle at the head of the monastery,
together with 20 gardens, one of which was called Garren
Pryori alias the Prior's garden, contained 3 acres.

A parcel of land called Clonerahyn with its appurtenances
10 acres, Curradaffe 10 acres, Necowleyn 10 acres, Bancagh
Spyadell land 10 acres, all situated in the parish of Temple
Trenode in Rathkeale.

Drumrannane Gannana in the toghe of Ardagh, one of
the eight Callow toghes, parish of Ardagh 10 acres.

Parcel of land called ffarren ne Ganna in the toghe of
Nantenan 10 acres. The two last townlands are described
" as very badde grounde and over more laye waste in the
Prior's time that they never reaped comodytee by them."
Total extent of land 53 acres.

The ruins of this monastery are still to be seen at the
north-east side of the town and near the Limerick road.
A portion of the church and tower still remains. 1

iSee Jour. R.S.A.I., p. 86, year 1879.

370 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

The Religions House of St. Mary, St. Edward King and
Martyr, and the Holy Cross.

It has been generally asserted that there were two
houses of the Augustinian Order in the city. One be-
longing to the Regular Canons of St. Augustine was
dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Edward
King and Martyr. It is supposed to have occupied the
site of the city court-house, opposite the Cathedral. The
other house belonged to Augustinian Hermits, and was
dedicated to the Blessed Virgn Mary and the Holy
Cross. It is supposed to have been situated in Sir
Harry's Mall a little north of Ball's Bridge. In reality
both these supposed houses were one and the same and
belonged neither to the Canons Regular, nor the Augus-
tinian Hermits, but to the crouched or cross-bearing
friars who followed the rule of St. Augustine, and were so
called, because they originally carried a cross or staff
and crouched before it. The house they occupied was
situated in Sir Harry's Mall, and generally set down as a
house of Augustinian Hermits. It was dedicated to the
Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Edward King and Martyr, and
the Holy Cross. In medieval documents it was some-
times called St. Mary's and St. Edward's, other times
St. Mary's and the Holy Cross, and in this way the error
arose.

The crouched friars ^ were introduced into England
in 1244 from Italy, the home of the Order. It is said
they were introduced into Limerick by one Simon Minor
early in the thirteenth century, and must have been
well established in the year 1280, as in that year Nicholas
Harold attorned Henry de Berkeley in a suit against
the prior of this house, 2

We have scarcely any information regarding this

1 Matthew Paris. 2. Mem. Rolls.

MEDIEVAL RELIGIOUS FOUNDATIONS. 37I

house during the fourteenth century, but in the fifteenth
the return of the first fruits supply us with the names
of some of the Priors, the vahie of the property, and the
identification of the house.

1428. Nicholas Haket, Dean of Ossory, in the name
of Walter Haket bound himself to the Apostolic Chamber
for the first fruits of the Priorship of the Hospital of
St. Mary and St. Edward, otherwise Holy Cross of the
Order of St. Augustine (" Prioratus domus Hospitalis Beati
Marie et Sci Edwarde alias See Crucis Limericensis
Ordinis St. Augustini") whose value is estimated at 26
marcs, vacant by the privation of Edmund Fitzadam,
also for the fruits unduly received from the parochial
church of Wileston, diocese of Emly.

1470. Eugene Ofaelan (O'Phelan), cleric of the diocese
of Cloyne, Bachelor in Decrees, principal, bound him-
self to the Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits of the
Priorship of the Hospital of the Blessed Virgin Mary
and St. Edward Martyr, near the bridge. Limerick, of
the Order of St. Augustine, value forty marcs, vacant
by the promotion of Thomas elect of Limerick.

1470. Eugene Offaelan (O'Phelan), cleric of the
diocese of Cloyne (commendarius prioratus) of the
Hospital of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Edward
Martyr, near the bridge, Limerick, Order of St. Augus-
tine, bound himself to the Apostolic Chamber for the
first fruits of the parochial church of Rathranan (Rath-
ronan), Limerick diocese, value twelve marcs, to be united
to the said priorship of said Eugene, vacant by the death
of William Mackosdeallydo outside the Roman Curia,
and a mandate for uniting them to be given at Rome. He
promises to pay the first fruits for the said parochial
church and Priorship (united) six months after said
union.

1475. Philip Yronayn, Bachelor of Decrees, Limerick
diocese, as principal and private person bound himself

372 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

to the Apostolic Chamber m the name of Thomas, Bishop
of Limerick for the first fruits of the Priorship of Hol}^
Cross, near the bridge, Limerick, Order of Cross-bearing
friars of St. Mary (" Prioratus Sancti Crucis juxta portum
Limericen Ordinis Bte. Marie Cruciferorum"), value fort}^
marcs, vacant by privation in form of law outside
the Roman Curia. Thomas was appointed ad com-
mendum.

i486. John, cleric of the diocese of Limerick, principal,
bound himself to the Apostohc Chamber for the first
fruits of the Priorship of the Hospital of Holy Cross,
called Blessed Mary, and St. Edward King and Martyr,
near the bridge. Limerick, Order of St. Augustine ("Prior-
atus Hospitalis Sancti Crucis nuncupati Beate Mariae
et Sancti Edwardi Regis et Martiris juxta pontem Lym-
yricen, ordinis Sancti Augustini "), value forty marcs,
vacant by the death of Thomas, Bishop of Limerick, its
former " Prior Commendatarii."

i486. (September 30th). Geoffrey Arthur, Treasurer
of the church of Limerick, principal, bound himself to
the Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits of the Prior-
ship of Holy Cross, Order of the Crouched Friars of
St. Mary, near the bridge. Limerick (" Prioratus Sancte
Crucis juxta pontem Limericen Ordinis Beate Marie
cruciferorum "), value sixty marcs, vacant by the death
of Thomas, Bishop of Limerick.

1487. Eustachius Arthur, Canon of Limerick, prin-
cipal, bound himself to the Apostolic Chamber for the
first fruits of a Canonry and Prebend of said church,
value sixteen marcs, and the priorship of the house or
Hospital of St. Mary and St. Edward, near the bridge,
Limerick, Order of St. Augustine or the Crouched Friars
of St. Mary (" domus sive Hospitalis Sanctorum Marie et
Edwardi juxta pontem Lymiricen, sive Augni., sive Bte.
Me. Cruciferorum "), value fifty marcs, to which he was
appointed. How this house fared until the dissolution

MEDIEVAL RELIGIOUS FOUNDATIONS. 373

we have now no means of judging, as there docs not
appear to be any documents extant.

We learn from an inquisition taken before Nicholas
Comyn, Mayor (1537), that it was found " that Symon
Mynor, some time citizen of the city of Limerick, was
founder of St. Mary's house in the worship of the Blessed
Virgin Mary, and St. Edward King and Martyr. The
Prior, Sir John Fox, left in the said house a chalice in
the hands of Stephen Creagh, in pledge for 30s. The
jury <^ay they found in the high altar a table of alabaster,
four candlesticks, a censer, two pair of cruets, twenty -
one books, great and small, holy water stock, a pair of
organs . . . eighteen wax tapers, three copper crosses,
three vestments, a great bell, two small bells, three (doss)
bowls, two old coffers, . . . beds, a standing bed, three
old surplices, a lydge table, three small tables, six tastelles,
two chairs, two candlesticks, two brooches, a hanging
candlestick, a platter, two pattens, a brass pot, two . . .
three lowys of glass, a lydge trestell, and five forms
which were found both in the church and hall of the said
St. Mary's house. That the prior had the first voice in
the election of mayor and bailiffs, and sat next the
mavor in the courthouse on the day of election." 1

Tliis monastery, as we have already seen, had as part
of its possessions the lands now known as North and
South Prior's land, also St, John's church in the city.
After the dissolution this monastery, with all its posses-
sions, passed to Edmond Sexton, which he " craftil}^
obtained despite the protest of the corporation." There
is now no trace of the original building, but the posses-
sions belong to the Earl of Limerick as the descendant
of Sexton. 2

The dress of the friars was blue with a red cross. They

' See Fitzgerald's History of Limerick, Vol. ii., p. 568.
2 For a full account of this Order, see Die. des Ordrcs Religieux,
Vol. i., Abbe Migne Series.

374

DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

were sometimes confomided with the Canons Regular
of St, Augustine, and with the Trinitarian Order, not-
ably by Lopez, as we may have an opportunity of
pointing out later on.

DOORWAY OF OLD ABBEY.

St. CatJicrine''s dc 0''ConyL
The ruins of the convent of St. Catherine de O'Conyl
or Monister na-Gaalliaghduffe (the monastery of the
Black Nuns), now popularly known as Old Abbey, are

MEDIEVAL RELIGIOUS FOUNDATIONS. 375

situated in a small valley near Old Abbey House, about
two miles east of the village of Shanagolden in the
parish of Robertstown.

The first reference that can be found to this convent,
is that in the Inquisition relating to the Manor of Shanid
in 1298, where the following entry is given: "Wherefrom
are subtracted 8s. paid yearly to the Bishop of Limerick for
land which his grandfather granted to the nuns of
O'Konyl, and 26s. 8^. paid to the same Bishop to acquit
land of demesne which Sir Thomas held of him there."

John Fitzmaurice, the above-mentioned grandfather,
was slain at Callan in 1261, so that the convent must liave
been in existence for some years before this date.

In the taxation of 1302 the goods of the house of St.
Catherine were valued at 40s. 4^., and the tenth 4s. i^^.

In 1306 it is stated that " the revenue of the mon-
astery of the Prioress of O'Conyi does not suffice for the
maintenance of the prioress and convent."

1306. In this year the prioress was engaged in a law-
suit with Maurice Fitzphihp, who got a loan of a horse
to go into Leinster to assist John Fitzthomas in his wars.
Maurice promised to return the horse immediately and
in good condition. Yet he detained him for six months,
and also provisioned himself and his kerne at the expense
of the prioress, which greatly oppressed her tenants, who
threatened to leave her lands. The prioress succeeded
in recovering 17s. 4^. from the said Maurice for these
offences. It may be remarked that Edmund MacPhilip
held Dysert Castle and other lands in Morgans in 1586,
and probably was a descendant of the above-mentioned
Maurice. 1

1316. The prioress failed to present Norman Fitz-
richard to the vicarage of Robert Goer (Robertstown).
She was summoned to answer for this offence, but did

1 Peyton's Survey.

376 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

not appear to answer the charge, for which she was
ordered to be attached for contempt of court.

1418. Bona domus Katherinae in O'Conyll custos
exced se in redditu annuaht taxanter XIs. Illd.i

A tradition existed in the beginning of last century
that^this convent was suppressed by the Holy See before
the dissolution of the monasteries, owing to some irregu-
larities of the prioress, who was a lady of the Fitzgeralds.
This tradition is confirmed by the following entry in the
return of the first fruits : —

1428. (23rd November) Cornelius O'Longligh (Lynch),
rector of the parochial church of Rayronayn (Rathronan),
diocese of Limerick, as principal and private person, bound
himself in the name of Alan O'Longsichh vel O'Longsidyh
(? 0' Lynch) for the first fruits of the first year of the paro-
chial church of St. Ratherine deO'Conill, diocese of Limerick,
value 20 marcs ; vacant by the suppression of the order or
nuns of St. Catherine de O'Conill (per suppressionem Mon.
See Catherine de O'Conill.)

We are not able to trace the fate of this convent
further, as there seems to be no mention of it until the
reign of Philip and Mary, when an inquisition was taken
of its possessions. It is frequently mentioned in the
latter half of the sixteenth century as its possessions
passed through many hands.

Peyton gives the following townlands as belonging
to the parish of St. Catherine or of the monastery of
Nogellagh, as he calls it : —

Crag McTeige

Bovannyn i

Ballyknockane j "+ ^

Molaharde '

Downesahell, i quarter.

Carrow, i quarter. In this quarter there was a

1 See Memorials of Adare.

'^'^3

PLAN OF ST. CATHERINE S ; OR, OLD ABBEY, SHANAGOLDEN.

[ face 2Jci(je d'

MEDIEVAL RELIGIOUS FOUNDATIONS. 377

castle ; it is also stated that these two quarters were
manured and inhabited. This convent had also the
rectories of Dunmoylan, Grange (near Newcastle West),
and Robertstown. It had a rent of 20s. out of Aughinish
Island.

Archdall says that it had certain rectories in the
barony of Duhallow, Co. Cork, but these seem to belong
to the convent of St. Catherine, Waterford. Some of
our local authorities, following Archdall, identify this
convent with a convent of a similar name near Lough
Gur. The ruins of this house, as they exist at present,
consist of a long narrow church of the thirteenth-century
style, measuring 83 feet by i8|- feet, with a handsome
doorway, a cloister garth measuring 73 feet square, to
the west of which is a domicile containing three vaults.
To the south of the cloister garth is the refectory, and
south of that the kitchen. Some of the out-buildings
remain, such as the pigeon house, which resembles that
of Adare, the fish pond, outer enclosure gates, etc.^

Monaster ne Callow Duffe or Black Abbey in Limerick.

There seems to be nothing known about this convent
except the following entry in Peyton : —

Monaster ne Callowe Duffe near the walls of Limerick,
and in the parish of Temple Moyry, otherwise called Lady's
parish (now St. Mary's), in the city, with its gardens, orchards
and buildings, was held by Murrugho McDermodo J. Bryan,
Baron of Inchequeyne in Thomond.

St. Peter's Convent.

This convent is supposed to have been founded by
Donald More O'Brien in 11 71 for Canonesses of St.
Augustine. There is very little known about it.

' See interesting essay by Mr. John Wardell, and elaborate descrip
tion of ruins by Mr. T. J. Westropp, Joi{y. R.S.A.I., VoL xxiv., year 1904.

378 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

1377. Protection granted to the prioress of tliis con-
vent.^ After the suppression of the monasteries it was
granted to Edmond Sexton. There is not a vestige of
the ruins now remaining. It was near the town wall
in that place, now known as Peter's cell, near St. Mary's
Convent.

St. Mary's Cathedral.'^

Donald O'Brien (1168-1194), the last king of Limerick,
is said to have founded and endowed St. Mar3^'s church
about the time of the arrival of the Anglo-Normans in
Ireland. But as we have already pointed out, this
church is of a much older date, as it is distinctly men-
tioned in the decrees of the Synod of Rathbreasail, which
was held in the year mo, and presided over by Gillebert
Bishop of Limerick, that St. Mary's was the cathedral
church of the diocese.

The old church of this early date was very different
from the present stately fabric which is the growth of
ages. Yet from the different styles of architecture a
fair idea may be formed of what it was originally. The
form of the building is that of a Latin cross ; as it now
stands it is about 170 feet in length, the transept about
93 t>y 30 feet, the height of the tower 120 feet. It con-
sists of a nave, a chancel, a north and south transept,
two aisles on each side, and a tower.

On the north side there are three chapels, one higher
and longer than the north transept, and two smaller ;
through one of the latter there was formerly an entrance
from Bow-lane, and the other is now used as a baptistery.
The material of the building was Ballysimon limestone,
singularly durable, seeing that it preserves a good deal
of its original freshness after so many centuries of

1 Close Rolls, Ed. III.

2 See Irish Ecclesiastical Record, i88c. R.S.A.I., i8q8. Guide to-
Cathedral, by Rev. J. Dowd.

f fONT i VESTRY I ARTHUR (I

■ ,172-1107.

Z'J FOUNDAltONJ n7i

mil I369-Il»00.

S 11,16-11,50

Il,89-I5afe

DOUBTFUL

UTtRIOR ibO

N*vt 101,' torn. 2b'> wil

CHOIIk it' „ It .<

^^'^:5^T^^

PLAN OF ST. MARY S CATHEDRAL, LIMERICK.
Architectural Features and Older Tombs :—

A, Altar Slab.

li, Piscinae, with .Shelves.

C, Credence Table.

D, Stoups.

E, Sedilia.

F, Misereres.

G, Stoups.

H. Miagh (?) Arni.s.
I, Arthur Arms.

J, Closed Door.
K, Corbels, Ancient-
L, St. Michael and .Satan.
M, Lord Inchiqnin, 167:<-
N, King Donald, 1194. Dean.
Andrew Crcagh, 1520, &c.
O, Arthur, IRKl, Sec.
P, GefFrv Arturc. 1519.
Q, John Itox, 1519.

R, Bishop O'Brien. 1207.
8, Earl of Thoraond, 1624.
T, Bishop ODea.
U, Bultingfort, Galwav, and

Budstone (1369-1449).
V, Stackpoole and Roche.
W. William Yorke.

\ farr par/r 378.

MEDIEVAL RELIGIOUS FOUNDATIONS. 3 7q

exposure to the elements. The roof was originally oak
from the Cratloe woods, and some years ago when
extensive repairs were carried on the old roof was
taken down and it was found to be still sound and firm.
It was like all our ancient churches, when the site
permitted it, due cast and west, the chancel or altar
being at the east end.

The style of the original church was Irish Romanesque,
and closely resembles the Cistercian abbey of Monastera-
nenagh, which was built about half a century later.
Considerable traces of the original style remain, such
as the capitals in the west doorway, the pillars along the
nave, the corbels to support the beams of the inner
aisles, the round-headed windows of the clerestory, and
the doorway on the south side of the chancel now closed
up. All these details give a pretty clear idea of the
original church. By taking away the outer aisles on
both sides with their chapels, the tower, the southern
and western porch, with a part of the chancel, we have
the church as it stood in Gillebert's time. It will appear
rather small, but when we consider that the Irish churches
of the time were generahy not more than 60 feet m length ,
it must be considered a great advance on the past. As
we have already seen, Bishop Donat or Donoh O'Brien
(1200-1207) was a special friend of King John, and eager
to advance his cause in Ireland. He introduced the rite
of Sahsbury as ordered at the Synod of Cashel in 1172.
In St. Mary's and most of the old churches of the diocese
we have distinct traces of the Salisbury or Sarum rite.
There are still in various parts of the cathedral small
niches cut in the wall not unlike holy water fonts. There
are holy water fonts too at the south and west doorways.
But, besides these, there is at the epistle side of each oi
the chapels what is called a sacrarium or piscina, which
at present is erected only in our sacristies. According
to the Sarum rite, the priest at the end of Mass did not

380 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

consume the ablution, it was thrown into the Sacrarium ;
hence we find a prayer in the Sarum Missal to be said
by the priest when going from the altar to the Sacrarium,
and returning from it again, to finish Mass. To this
time probably belongs the altar stone in one of the north
chapels.

By a law made by Archbishop Comyn in 1186 altars
skould be of stone ; if one of sufficient size was not avail-
able, then " a square entire, and pohshed one should be
fixed in the middle of the altar where Christ's body was
to be consecrated, of a compass broad enough to hold
five crosses and to bear the foot of the largest chalice."
On the altar stone in St. Mary's are visible the crosses
incised one at each corner and one in the middle. There
is no record when the tower was erected, it is certain it
formed no part of the original building, and equally
•certain it was erected before 1500 judging from the style
of the windows.

Round the cathedral stood the residences of the clergy
who served the church. The Dean's Close extended from
the western door of the cathedral down to the site of the
present County Court, his house stood near the site of
the gaol in Crobsie's Row. The college of Vicars-Choral
was opposite the north transept on the other side of Bow
lane, and its pointed doorway and perpendicular win-
dows were in perfect preservation until they were removed
Last year ; and the site is now occupied by a row of newly-
built cottages. An underground passage was discovered
some years ago leading from it to the cathedral.

The rest of the ecclesiastical property extended
towards the castle, the whole forming the " sanctuary,"
and had certain rights and privileges, one of w^hich was
to afford protection to those accused until they should
have a fair hearing from their judges in doubtful cases ;
and to give the clergy an opportunity to intercede for
delinquents, but not to shield public criminals from the

MEDIEVAL RELIGIOUS FOUNDATIONS. 381

punishments they deserved. We now proceed to notice
the benefactors of the cathedral.

Donald O'Brien, King of Limerick, gave a grant of
land to the cathedral already noticed in this work. There
is a long narrow slab at present in the J ebb Chapel, having
carved upon it a Celtic cross between four fantastic lions.
It formerly lay just inside the western door, and tradition
says that it covered the grave of the founder of the
cathedral.

Bishop Donoch O'Brien (1200-1207) completed the
chancel and transepts, established canons, and richly
endowed it. His arms — a chevron between three lions
passant — are engraved on a mural slab fixed in the wall
over the pulpit, on the upper border of this slab is the
name Dongh, or as others read it, Donoh, in Gothic
lettering.

Bishop Hubert de Burgo (1222-1250) was a great
benefactor of the cathedral.^

Bishop Robert (1250-1275) gave many benefices to the
cathedral. Bishop Richard Waters (1311-1335) laid
out large sums of money in repairing and adorning the
church. He consecrated it in 1327.

Fortunately the Arthur MSS. ^ preserve the wills of a
few leading citizens who were great benefactors to this
church.

Thomas Balbeyn, surnamed Cor, left the castle of
Thomcor by his will to the citizens of Limerick, which
was situated in the Irishtown, on condition if they should
pray for his soul, and provided his brother Henry of the
city of Bristol should not live in Limerick. By permis-
sion of Richard {recte Stephen) Wall, Bishop of Limerick,
the Dean and Chapter, he built the chapel of St. James
in the southern part of St. Mary's, and bequeathed it to

' See his reign. 2 See Lenihan, p. 336.

382 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Nicholas Stritch. This will was proved before IJishop
O'Dea in 1403.

About this time also another wealthy citizen, John
Budstone, who was sheriff of the city in 1401, presented
the cathedral with four brass bells. Every Limerick
man is acquainted with the beautiful legend of those
bells. 1 He was an ancestor of the Arthur family, and
Dr. Arthur in his MSS. thus commemorates the gift : —
Without morality all faith is vain,
John Buston teaches in this warning strain,
Who to the church those powerful bells has given,
Do thou, departing, with him rest in heaven.

His daughter, Margaret Budstone or Buston, who
was married to Peter Arthur, gave to her son William
*' two monuments bearing the name Budstone, and a
just share in the chapel which represents Magdalene, and
Dr. Arthur in 1642 composed an inscription to be put up
in the chapel of St. Mary Magdalen " (Patroness of the
Guild of Barber Surgeons, Limerick).

There is a sedilia in the south transept having John
Budstone's name engraved upon it. This name is now
extinct in the city, but I remember meeting a family
of the name Buston in Coolcappa parish.

Richard Bultingfort (1357-1405) was a leading mer-
chant in his time, and must have been a man of ability
and character as he filled the oftice of Mayor many times
(1357, 1367, 1376, 1380, 1386, and 1396). He carried
on the work of restoration in very troubled times during
the episcopacy of Peter Curragh and part of Cornelius
O'Dea's reign.

His will is extant, and gives a fair idea of the wealth
of a leading citizen, and how he disposed of it. The will
was proved before Bishop O'Dea by his widow, who was
one of the Roche family, on the Sunday before the feast

1 See Poems by Uenis Florence Mac Carthy.

OBRIEN.

>5RTHUR. OALWEY.

GAUWEY.

WT

'W\<?.'\^v^i^^^^

(1) The Coffln-lid of Donald More O'Brien, HtJ8-lliU. (2i A Carving in first pillar from the south

door. (3) A slab over the door of the Sexton Vault. (1) Arms of Bishop Douon O'Brien, 1J00-120(.

(5) Arthur Arms. (6 and 7) Galwey Arms. Ifacepagei

MEDIEVAL RELIGIOUS FOUNDATIONS. 383

of St. Peter, which is called ad vincula, 1406. It is pre-
served in the Patent Rolls, anno i Elizabeth, from which
is taken the following extracts : " He leaves his soul
to God and to the Blessed Virgin Mary and all the angels
and saints, and his body to be buried in the church of
the Blessed Virgin Mary, Limerick. He leaves the
vicars of said church 20s. for forgotten tithes." He also
left legacies to the Dominicans and Franciscans for the
repairs of their churches ; then follow a list of legacies
to his family, domestics, and friends.

There is a slab let into the wall in the south transept
close to the door leading to the vestry, with a partially
defaced inscription in memory of Richard Bultingfort and
Geoffry Galway, which reads as follows : —

(Hie) jacet in tuba venerabilis vir Richardus
(Bulting)fort quoda . . . civitatu Lim
Corcagie q obiit . . . Ano de Mcccc . . .
Hie jacet . . . venerabilis vir Galfridus
Galway quoda civis civitatu Limerici Corcagie
Waterfordiae q obiit die Januarii Anno do MCCCXL.

Edmundus
filius talis Galfridi et Margarita filie talis Rice Bu . . , fort
ista tuba fieri fecerunt.

Translation with the missing words supplied : —

Here lies in the Tomb a man worthy of veneration,
Richard Bultingfort, formerly a citizen
of the city of Limerick and Cork,
Who died in the year of our Lord 14 . . .
Here hes in the Tomb a man worthy of veneration, Geoffrey

Galway,

formerly a citizen of the city of Limerick of Cork of Waterford,

who died the 4th day of January, in the year of our Lord

1440.

Edmund son of the said Geoffrey and Margaret daughter of

the said Richard Bultingfort caused these tombs

to be constructed.

384 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Here we have the tombs of Richard Bultingfort and
Geoffrey Galway. In Morrin's Calendar there is a
conveyance from Geoffrey Galway of Cork to his wife
Margaret Bultingfort, and John his heir, of all his
possessions in Cork and Kinsale.i

Geoffrey died in 1445, and an inventory of his goods
was taken at Limerick, viz. : — Forty quarters of salt,
worth £13 6i-. ^d. ; five lasts and a half in the hands of
Edmund Galway ; a coat of mail, worth £4 os. od. ; a
helmet, worth ^s. ; a pipe of honey, £3 6^-. 8^/. ; and eight
bales of linen cloth worth £4 Oi'. od. In his will, after
leaving his soul to God, the Blessed Virgin Mary, and all
the angels and saints, and directing his body to be buried
in the chapel of St. James in the cathedral of Limerick,
he leaves to the Canons of the church 6s. 8d. ; for the
repairing of the chapel, looi-. ; for the chaplain to pray
for his soul, £20 ; to each of the vicars of the cathedral,
6s. 8d. ; also 6s. 8d. to each of the following : William
White, William Applyard, John Joy, Friars Minors,
churches of St. Munchin, St. Nicholas, St. John, and ^s.
to St. Michael's ; also 6^-. 8d. for the repair of the chancel
of the church of Kilmallock, together with bequests of
a similar kind to different churches in Cork, Kinsale and
Youghal.

He left to his children, viz., Patrick, " my scarlet
gown edged with martin, my black hood and a large pot ;"
to Edmund " my blue gown edged with greyn ; " to Walter
a blue gown ; to Edmund Fitzhenry a green gown ; to my
daughter Margaret for her marriage portion, £6 i^s. 4^/.,
etc.

Immediately above the inscription on the tomb of
these two worthy citizens, the arms of Richard Bultingfort
are cut in a slab, viz., a fess engrailed with a label of five
points in chief, and over the arms the letters S. R. B.

1 Morrin's Calaidar Patent Rolls, Vol. i.

p. 422.

MEDIEVAL RELIGIOUS FOUNDATIONS. 385

(Scutum Richardi Bultingfort), a little to the left are the
arms of Geoffrey Galway, viz., a cross with a bend,
differencing these arms from those of De Burgo, empaling
a double-headed eagle for Stritch, over them are the letters
S. G. G. (Scutum Galfridi Galway) ; a short distance to
the right are the arms of Edmund Galway empaling a
chevron between three clarions for Arthur. Over these
are the arms of John Galway, quarterly first and fourth
for Galway ; on the fourth is a bridge turretted a grant
of arms made to John de Burgo, an ancestor of the
Galways, for his gallant defence of Ball's Bridge against
the O'Briens about the middle of the fourteenth century.
Second quarter for Bultingfort, third for Stritch,
surmounted by a cat-a-mountain, and underneath the
inscription : —

Lumina quae Rector
Tua cernunt hisce Johanni
Muris sculpta sacris
Quadrant insignia Galway.

The Limerick branch of the Galway family is extinct,
and though the name of Bultingfort is extinct in Limerick
it is still found in the neighbourhood of New Pallas.

During Bishop O'Dea's episcopacy the work of beauti-
fying and adorning the cathedral was carried on by pious
citizens, notably Thomas Arthur, who was Mayor in
1421 and 1426. Aided by his wife Johanna, daughter
of David Murigagh or Miagh, he built at his own expense
the eastern front and a costly wrought window, also
caused his armorial bearings, a chevron between three
clarions, to be carved on the western door, and the
southern with those of his wife's family — three escallops ;.
" not through a spirit of vain glory, but in order that
others hereafter should imitate the memorials of their
piety." Their arms are still to be seen on the buttresses
of the north and south sides of the chancel.

2 c

3^6 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

During the episcopate of John Folan (1489-1521),
the nave of the church was repaired by the citizens.
Several additions were also made ; the large chapel that
runs parallel to the transept and the smaller chapel
beside it ; on the south side two side chapels.

At this time it was customary to apply the fines
enforced by the Mayor to the repairs of the cathedral.
In 1501 the Mayor made collections to put the church in
proper repair, and again in 1505 William Harold, Mayor,
levied several taxes for the same purpose. In the nor-
thern transept there is a triple arched recess containing
the epitaph of Geoffrey Arthur, the reading of which
puzzled some of our historians. The correct reading was
first given by Mr. Maurice Lenihan,i and is as follows : —

Hie jacet in tumuli fundo sublatus a mundo Galfridus
Arture thesaurius quondam istius Ecclesiae XVI. luce Maya
requievit in pace perpetua Anno crucifixi Domini, 1519.
Tu transiens cave qui hie dices pater et ave.

Here lies in the bottom of the tomb removed from the
world Geoffrey Arthur, formerly treasurer of this church. He
rested in perpetual peace on the i6th of May, in the year of our
crucified Lord, 1519. You who pass by take heed that you
say a Pater and Ave.

Geoffrey was treasurer before the year i486, as we
have already seen. •

There is another epitaph close to Geoffrey's which
runs as follows : —

Hie jacet Reverendus Joannes Ffox quondam praepositus
Sanctae Crucis qui diem clausit supremum XXVIII. die
mensis Augusti Ano Dni MDXIX. Cujus animae propicietur
Deus.

Here lies the Rev. John Ffox, formerly Provost of HoI\-

1 See History of Limerick, p. 578.

GEOFFREY ARTHUR'S TOMB, ST. MARY S CATHEDRAL.

•^ MEDIEVAL RELIGIOUS FOUNDATIONS. 387

Cross, who died on the 28th of August, a.d. 1519 ; on whose
soul the Lord have mercy.

This is the Prior Fox referred to in the inquisition
held about the monastery of St. Mary and Holy Cross.
We have now brought the history ^down to the eve of the
Reformation, the limit we proposed to ourselves. The
cathedral was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary on
the 15th August, on which day the office of dedication
was celebrated in the city with an octave, and without
an octave in the diocese.

CHAPTER XVIII.

INISCATHAY (SCATTERY ISLAND).

In the early portion of this work I have dwelt at some
length on the connection between Iniscathay and the
Hy Fidhgente. At the Synod of Rathbreasail (a.d. mo)
the See of Iniscathay was suppressed, and its possessions
divided among the dioceses of Killaloe, Ardfert, and
Limerick. 1 The island itself being a part of the old
territory of H\- Fidhgente naturally went with the
diocese of Limerick, and Harris confirms this view.^

After the death of Gillebert, Bishop of Limerick,
owing to the confusion of the times, the See of Iniscathay
was again revived, but after the death of Hugh O'Beaghan
in 1189 it disappears as a bishopric. The same year
Donald More O'Brien made a grant to Clare Abbey,
and one of the townlands mentioned in the Charter is^
Inisketty, which is identified by some authorities with
Iniscathay. It would appear from the Charter that
Inisketty was a townland near the abbey, and the
apparent resemblance of the words Inisketty and Inis-
cathy is rather a slender basis to built an argument
in favour of Iniscathay being assigned to the diocese
of Killaloe by Donald More O'Brien. Another popular
error of the same kind may also be noticed here, namely,
the identification of the Augustinian ]\Ionastery of
Inisgad with Iniscathay.

Inisgad is in reality Canon's Island, monasterium
de Inisgad, Inischane alias Canon's Island, " mon' de
Inisgad alias Insula Canonicor." ^

The following references to Iniscatliay are given

1 Ussher, Primord, p. 875.

2 Ware's Bishops of Limerick, p. 502.

3 Procurations, Reg. of Cashel, etc., 1571. P.R.O.I., pp. 154, 168,

INISCATHAY. 3^9

here in chronological order to enable the reader to
examine for himself the original documents bearing on
the medieval history of this holy island. In an inqui-
sition taken in the year 1201, relative to the episcopal
property of the diocese of Limerick, half of Iniscathay
(dimidia pars de Inisyscathidch) with its appurtenances
is mentioned as belonging to it.i

Richard de London was guardian of Iniscathay some
time before 1290.

1290. Richard le Chaplain was guardian, and held
that office in the year 1295.

1358. About this year, one Thomas, a conventual
Franciscan of the convent of Nenagh,^ was appointed
Bishop of Cathy (Iniscathay) by Innocent VI, who wrote
Thomas a letter dated 1360 commanding him to proceed
to his diocese. Evidently he was loitering about the
Papal court. 3

1361. Thomas addressed a petition to Innocent VI
stating that though he was canonically appointed to
the See of Iniscathay, yet Thomas, Bishop of Killaloe ;
Stephen of Limerick, John of Ardfert, and . . .
Cloyne jointly and severally maintaining that the church
of Iniscathay was not a cathedral, hindered and still
hinders the said Thomas from exercising his functions
as bishop or receiving any rents or revenue ; they also
accused him of many crimes and misdeeds. Innocent
commissioned George, Archbishop of Cashel, to summon
the parties concerned, and to ascertain if Iniscathay
be a cathedral church and for how long a time, whether
it had a district, city, and diocese of its own, whether
it had other bishops, and who they were.* The arch-
bishop and Pope died shortly after, and the investigation
was not carried out.

1 B.B.L., p. 14. * Theiner.

2 Papal Letters, Rolls Series, 1363. * Idem.

390

DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

1363. Accordingly Urban V, the next Pope, instructed
the Bishop of Lismore to make the enquiries which the
archbishop was commissioned to make, and report the
result to the Holy See. The report, if it were made,
has not been preserved. However, in a hst of the
dioceses mentioned in 1377 as being subject to Cashel
the name of Iniscathay does not occur.i

Thomas may have been a native of West Clare, and
member of an influential family, to say he was able ta
revive the bishopric even for a short time. In this year
Thomas petitioned the Holy See for the following
privileges which were granted to him : —

(i) For a relaxation of seven years and seven quad-
ragena of enjoined penance to penitents who visit the
cathedral on the seven feast days of our Lord, and on
the five feasts of the B.V. Mary, those of Corpus Christi,
St. Michael, St. John the Baptist, the Apostles Peter
and Paul, All Saints, St. Patrick, and St. Senan to
whom the church is dedicated, and St. Brendan and
during their octaves. Granted for a year and a
quadragena.

(2) Licence to create two notaries. Granted.

(3) For plenary remission at hour of death. Granted-

(4) Whereas there is a great mortality in Ireland,
especially in Connaught, Thomond, Kerry, and Desmond,
he prays for power to absolve at the hour of death aU
those who labour in said lands as long as the mortaUty
lasts. Granted for four months during the epidemic.

1397. To the abbot of the Augustinian Monastery
of Clare (de Forgio) and the Archdeacon of Killaloe,
a mandate to collate and assign Maurice O'Kearmada,
clerk of the same diocese, to the canonry and prebend
of Iniscathay, diocese of Killaloe, value 30 marcs, void

1 Theiner.

INISCATHAY. 39 1

by Thomas O'Grady contracting marriage, although
Matthew MacNamara detains same.i

1400. Confirmation at petition of Prior John Hogan
and chapter, and perpetual chaplains of the secular
and collegiate church major of St. Senan Iniskathis,
in the diocese of Killaloe, of the immemorial foundation
of the said church by certain devout nobles of those
parts in honour of God, St. Mary the Virgin, and the
said St. Senan, of its subsequent erection b}?- them into
a collegiate church, and its endowment for a prior and
twenty-four perpetual chaplains, with lands, glebes,
meadows, fisheries, and other goods. 2

1400. Relaxation of seven years and seven quad-
ragena of enjoyed penance to the penitents, who on the
principal feasts of the year, All Saints, and Octaves of
certain of them, the six days of Whitsun Week, and one
hundred days to those who visit and give alms for the
conservation of the collegiate church called Major of
St. Senan Iniskaithig in the diocese of Killaloe.

1405. A mandate to the Bishop of Killaloe, the abbot
of Inisgad, in the diocese of Killaloe, and John O'Longan,
Canon of Killaloe, to collate and assign to Donatus
MacMahon, clerk of noble birth, the canonry and
prebend of Iniscathig, diocese of Killaloe, void by the
death of Matthew MacNamara.

1408. Alan Lynch was guardian of the collegiate
church of Iniscathay in the diocese of Limerick. ^

141 1. Robert Kelly received a mandate from Rome
to summon John Hogan, prior of the secular and
collegiate church of St. Senan Inyskathagh, and others
concerned ; and if he find, as the Pope has heard, that
John was guilty of the immorality which is alleged
against him, to deprive him ; and collate Cornelius

1 Bliss, Papal Letters, Roll Series.

-i Ibid.

3 Brady, Episcopal Succession, Vol. ii.. p. ^^.

392 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Lynch, perpetual vicar of Kilrush, to the said priorship
which has care, and is the principal dignity in the said
church. 1

1418. Eccia. ade Iniscathigh cu]us Rector Precentor et
Communitas Eaglas Montin, et presentat apud Iniscathigh
Vicarium et facit custodem super conventum ibidem ad
nutum suum recipiendo ecclesiastica feoda et conferet xij.por-
ciones ex parte australi et corriget excessus presbiterorum
porcionariorum, hcet sunt de facto residentes in diocesi
Artfertensi qui de jure debent residere personahter in ecclesia
conventuali in diocesi Lymericensi. Et ego [CorneHus O'Dea
Dei et apostolicae sedis gratia] Episcopus Lymericensis feoffavi
Domino Gilberto O'Cathill (quondam ibi Vicario de terris
spectantibus ad ecclesiam Lymericensem existentibus in
insula de Iniskathi quas recuperavi per inquisicionem me
captum quie non fuerunt ante me per multos annos in
possessione ecclesie) sub hac forma viz', quod dictus dominus
Gilbert heredes sui et assignati mihi sive successoribus meis
canonice intrantibus debent solvere singuhs annis nomine
annui redditus a xij''. medietatem viz', ad Pascha et aliam
medietatem ad festum Sei Michaehs et quacunque prima
nocte delinavero ad dictam insulam vel successores mei dec-
linaverint debent nos reficere in esculentis et poculentis et
omnibus ahis necessariis, et deinde quamdiu moram traxero
ibidem vel dicti successores mei traxerint ignem lumen et
stramina ministrare debent [eorum] id 2 propriis sumptibus
et expensis et cariare nobis victualia per aequam in expens[is]
nostris ac in naviculis et laboribus ipsorum de Lymer et aliis
[villisj foralibus dicte nostre Diocesis et de Iniska thigh siti
modo ad omnia maneria nostra de Leamkaill Drumdile
Moungrett et L>Tner.3

1 Bliss, Papal Letters, Rolls Series.

2 '• Id" is not in White's copy.

3 This Latin document is the last entry in the Procuration or
Proxy Rolls of the diocese given in the middle of this work. The
text is no longer legible in the Black Book, but has been preserved
in the Little Black Book made by Bernard Adams, Protestant Bishop
of Limerick (1604- 162 5). Dr. Reeves made a copy of it which may
be seen in his MS. notes on the Black Book in Trinity College, Dublin.

INISCATHAY. 393

Translation

The church of Iniscathy, the rector whereof is the pre-
centor, and the dean and chapter Eaglas Montin {i.e. the
Church of the Little Bogi), and he (precentor) presents the
vicar at Iniscathy and appoints the guardian to the convent
there for the purpose of receiving the ecclesiastical dues
there, and confers twelve portions on the south side, and
corrects the excesses of the portionary priests, who in fact
reside in the diocese of Ardfert, ought by right to reside
personally in the conventual church in the diocese of
Limerick.

And I, Cornelius O'Dea, by the grace of God and the
Apostolic See, have enfeoffed Mr. Gilbert O'Cathill, once
vicar there, with lands belonging to the church of Limerick
in the island of Iniskathi which I have recovered by in-
quisition made by me, and which for many years before me
have not been in the possession of the church. The form
of enfeoffment is this, viz., that Mr. Gilbert, his heirs, assigns
must pay to me and my successors, canonically entering
(the island), every year as an annual rent T2c/., viz., one half
at Easter and one half at the feast of St. Michael ; and what-
ever night I or my successors shall put into said island they
should refresh us with meat and drink and all other necessary

The portion of this document beginning " Et ego Cornelius" was copied
by Dr. Jasper White from the original Roll in the Black Book as he
himself informs us ■.^'■' Quod dictum est legi in rotulo antiquo in
libro nigro Epuum. Lem. in tempore Joannis Quin primi Protestant!
Epi Lim.in crastino Michaeli Archangeli anno Dni 1542. Ideo nescio
quo jure dicitur Iniscatha modo pertinere ad Epum Laonenseni."
White was mistaken as regards the religion of John Quin. The parts
inserted in the above text in square brackets are taken froin White's
copy, the round brackets are thus marked in White's copy.

If the reader consults the Proxy List given in the body of this
work he will observe that the " Precentor and Communitas " had
joint interests in the church of Kilmurely immediately preceding
the church of Iniscathy, also in other churches in the decanate of
Rathkeale. It is only natural to conclude the Precentor and Com-
munitas in reference to Iniscathay are the same body, and have the
same meaning. It may also be remarked that in the Proxy List the
bishop's relations to churches connected with religious orders are
precisely defined.

1 See Joyce, Irish Names of Places.

394 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

things, and as long thereafter as I or my successors should
tarry therein they shall supply fire, light and straw at their
own cost and expense, and carry us victuals by water at
our own expense, and in boats and by labourers of their
own from Limerick and the out villages of our said diocese,
and from Iniscathigh in like manner to all our manors of
Leamkyle (Loughill), Dromidle (Toomdeely). Mungret, and
Limerick.

1427. Two Bulls, viz., one regarding certain perpetual
portion in the church of Inj^skathayg, and the perpetual
vicarage of the parochial church of Dunmylyn (Dun-
moylan), dioceses of Killaloe and Limerick, the other
regarding a new provision for the said portion, and the
perpetual vicarage of the parochial church of Kylladmyr
(Killimer), said diocese of Killaloe, for Roderick O'Lynch,
value 6 marcs. 1

1429. A Bull for Donald O'Gillasenayn, super
sacristia church of Inyschathayg.2 Diocese of Killaloe.

1432. The first fruits of the canonry of Inyskathayg,
valued at 32 marcs. Diocese of Killaloe,

1446. John Mackehecayn, principal, bound himself
to the Apostolic Chamber for the first fruits of the
guardianship of the church of Altoangelorum (Height
of the x\ngels) of the church of Inyskagay (custodie ecc".
de Innyskagay de Altoangelorum), diocese of Limerick
value 8 marcs, vacant by the privation of Donald
O'Kinella.

1445. Connor, son of O'Connor Kerry, was slain by
his kinsman, Mahon O'Connor, as both were going in
a boat to the island of Iniscathay.

1505. Thatheus O'Karla, cleric of the diocese, Ard-
fert, bound himself to the Apostolic Chamber for the
first fruits of the guardianship of the church de Alto-
angelorum (Height of Angels), diocese of Limerick, value

1 First Fruits, Diocese of Killaloe. 2 /^;V/

INISCATHAY. 395

12 marcs. Tatheus promised to pay the collector " in
partibus juxta morum Hybernicorum."

1576. The following Inquisition was taken relative
to the island of Iniscathy, viz. : —

Copy Exchequer Ixquisitiox, Co. Limerick. No. 2 of
OuEEx Elizabeth.

Inquisition taken before John Miagh of Corke, gent.,
secondaire justice of the province of Mounstef, Willm Apsley,
sherief of the countie of Limerike ; Thomas Arthor, recorder
of Her Maty cittie of Eimerike ; and David Harrold of the
same cittie, citizen, by vertue of her Maty, comission directed
unto them for inquiring and surveing of all her Highnes
possessions messuages, lands, and tenenanty in the Island
of Innesvattye, uppon the river of Limerike aforesaid, as
by the said comission bearing date the xiiijth day of November
in the xviijth yeare of the reigne of our Souaigne ladie Oueene
Elizabeth, Oueene of England, Ffrance and Ireland, defender
of the faith, etc., more at large appeereth and the yeare of
our Lord God, 1576, by the solempne othe of

Myles Arthor of Inneskatt}^ merchante.

Nicholas MahoAvxe of the same, merchante.

Michell Richford of the same, merchante.

DiERMOD O'GiLLESYXAX, husbandman.

Moriertagh O'Collligax of the same,
husbandman.

RooRY O'Beeghax of the same, husbandman.

Robert Waring, marchante.

Gregory Creagh, yeoman.

Thomas Mahowxe, yeoman.

Richard Arthur Fitz Myles, marchante.

Piers Creagh of Limericke, marchante.

DoMXiKE Creagh of the same, marchante.
Being sworn depose that there are m said island twenty-
four acres of arable land, of which there are in the occupation
of the Couverbe or master of Inneskatty, four acres worth
yearly per acre 8d. Irish ; four acres in the occupation of the

39^ DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

prior of the religious house of Synan on said island, of like value ;
four acres of like value in the occupation of the custos oi said
religious house, and four acres of like value in the occupation
of the " sexten ; " four acres of like value in the occupation of
Nicholas Mahowne of Inneskatty ; that the said Couverbe
or Master of Inneskatty has in his occupation a new castle,
partly built, on same island, a small stone house, three
cottages of " latche " work, all valued by the year
at los. 8d. Irish ; that the said Couverbe had for
custom from every boatload of oysters going to Limerick
■once every year, looo oysters, valued yearly at i6 pence
Irish ; also from every boat of herrings, 500 herrings yearly,
at a price of i2d. Irish ; that there are in the occupation of
said prior four small cottages valued yearly at 4s. Irish ;
that there are in the occupation of the Sexten two cottages
valued yearly at 2s. Irish ; that there are in the occupation
of the Custos four small cottages valued yearly at 3s. Irish ;
that there are in the occupation of Nicholas Mahowne three
small cottages valued yearly at 3s. Irish ; that there are in
the island two ruinous chapels without cover, valued at
nothing ; that there is there a religious house called the
" Howse of Synnan," under roof and a small churchyard,
valued yearly at 2s. Irish ; that there is a parish crhurch
valued at nothing ; that there are twenty acres of beach and
stoney ground, valued yearly at nothing, as they are neither
pasture nor arable land ; that there belongs to said Couverbe
or Master of Inneskatty, from tithes, altarages, and other
emoluments yearly 6s. 8d. Irish, as parcel of said House of
Synnan ; that the Sexten has 2^- 4^. Irish, yearly as a parcel
of said House ; that said Prior has yearly as parcel of said
House of spiritual living within the island, 6s. 8d. Irish ; that
all^the premises came, and of right ought to come to Her
Majesty by reason of the dissolution of said House ; that in
old time there was a Bishoprick of Inneskatty, and the Island
was parcel of the temporalities ; that the last Bishop was
Bishop Mahowne als the black Bishop (since whose time, for
100 Years by usurpation and the disorder of the country, the
said bishoprick both temporalities and spiritualities has been

INISCATHAY. 397

kept away, by what title the jurors know not), whereby the
island is in her Majesties' disposition as parcel of said bishop-
rick, and afterwards came into the possession of the said
House of Synnan ; that James Striche of Limerick, has to him
and his heirs a stone house in the island paying I2d. yearly
to the Bishop of Limerick ; that there is in the ocupation of
Myles Arthur and Nicholas Mahowne another stone house of
the Yearly value (the cellar and upper part) of 4s. Irish ;
that there is neither wood, moor, or turf, on the island ; that
the said island is in the county of Limerick and parcel thereof.
Subscribed by the Commissioners and sealed by the
Jurors.

John MyagheWyltm Apsley.

Th. Arthure David Harolde, Shireffe.

1581. The Corbe of St. Senan, Clavagh MacCahan,
died.i

1583. Honora, the daughter of O'Donnell, son of
Conor, son of Turlough O'Brien, and wife of O'Conor
Kerry, died, and was buried in Iniscathay.-

1591. Margaret, the daughter of Donnell, son of
Conor, son of Toulough, son of Brian an Aenaigh
O'Brien, and wife of Turlough the son of Brian, son of
Donnough MacMahon, died at Cill-Mic-Dubhain, and
was interred at Iniscathay.^

1604. Inquisition : —

Inquisicio Indentata capt apud villa de dare in com
Glare vicessimo spetimo die Octobris anno Domini 1604
annogz regni serenissimi regis nri Jacobi Dei gratia Anglie
fframe et Hibnie secundo et soccie triscassimo octano coram
Nicholao Kenny armiger gennali escaetor et ffeodario diet
dni Regis in et p totu Regnu suu Hibnie predict per Edmund
Copinger genr deputat prefat Nicholai in officio Escaetor
et^ffeodar predict per Sacramentu proboru et legaliu

^ Anns. Four Masters. ^ Ibid. ^ Ibid.

■398 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

hominu de com predict virtute officii predict vidz per
Sacramentum.

Connor McBrodyn de Moyvoe, gen.
Owen McCahan de Lyslonoghan, gen.
Thomas McMortaghe Caine de Scian, gen.
Riccard McGillemogha de Lyskyloge, gen.
Shean reoghe O'Tyerny de Tullynan, gen.
Morroghe ]\IcCassy de Carren, gen.
^ Dermod ■McMoroghe de Ballynecally, gen.

William Xelan de Kilcaharaghe, gen.
Nicholas Comyn de Lyscamire, gen.
Donnoghe O'Loghlyn de Ballynehinchy, gen.
Mahon McEnchroy de One, gen.
Donill boy O'Nelan de Kearrowkerry, gen.
Shean McBrody de Kilkea, gen.
Cowvarry McMahonge de Cowl [. . .], gen.
Gilleduffe McConoghdr de Gleandroe gen.
Donill O'AIollawne de Direghloe, gen.

Et predict jm'at dicunt quod Shinan McGirrygine quondam
-episcopus de Iniskaha in com predict fuit seisitus in dominico
suo ut de feodo de sexdecim quarteriis sine carucat terre
de quibus tres quarterie terre jacent in Killtylline in Baronia
de Clonederala in com predict et tres quarterie terr de predict
sexdecim quarteriis terre jacent in Beallantallinge in Baronia
de Moyfarttie in com predict et quatuor quarterie terre
vocantur Kilrushe in com predict, de predict sexdecim
quarteriis terre, et quarteria sine carucat terre de predictis
sexdecim quarteriis terre vocat Killygillaghe et Moyhassy
in Baronia de Moyfarttie predict et due quarterie terre de
predict sexdecim quarteriis terre vocate Kilcorridan in
predict Baronia, que quidem sexdeciam quarterie terre
vulgariter et Hibernice vocantur tarremon Shina vidz terre
primis libere donat et mortificat per prefat shinan ecclesie
ad pios usus sive ad sprituale intenciore. Et quod prefatus
Shinan sic inde seisitus existenc dedit et donavit pdict sex-
decim quarterias terre fraternitat et societati tregent trui
chanonu et successor suoeu comoranciu in Iniskahae predict

INISCATHAY. 399

ad intencione quod predict chanones et successores suid de.
tempore in tempus et inppetuu serirrent Deo obtimo maximo
€t res sacras de tempore in tempus et inppetuu agerent apu
Iniskahae predict et quod Mauricius modo nuc episcopus
de Killalowe in com predict ex assensu decani et capituli
ejusdem dioc dedit Johani O'Gegyuu de Beallatallinge is
com predict tres quarterias de predict sexdecim quarteriis
terre jacent in Beallatallinge predict pro termino sexaginta
annoru non du finiendorn sicut per factu predict episcopi
gerens datu decimo die Junii 1595 magis plane liquet. Et
quod prefatus episcopus ex assensu decani et capituli predict
per factu suu datu ultimo Marcii 1595 dedit tres altera-
quarterias terre vocat Killtelan predict que quidem est
pceir de predict sexdecim quarteriis terre Thadeo McGille
hanna de Killtelan predict pro centu unius annoru nondu
linitor quiquidem Thadeus McGillahanna nuc existet prior
de Iniskaha predict. Et quod capituli predict dedit et
confirmanit Nicholas Cahan et heredibus suis quatuor quar-
terias terre de Killrushe predict. Et jurat predict dicunt
quod prefatus Nicholas vocatur et ancestores sui vocate
fuerunt vulgariter Corubbne de Terrymone Shynan predict
quod quidem cognomen Anglice interpretatur overseeare
and keeper de predict quatuor quarteriis de Killrushe. Et
jurat predict super sacramentu sund dicunt quod predict
sexdecim quarterie terre vulgariter diet Tearumon Shynan
sunt forisfaet dicto domino Regi quia datei fuerunt in
mortua manu viz., fuerunt donat predict fraternitat et
societat chanonu predict et successoru suor comoranciu in
Iniskaha predict contra formam statuti de terris et tena-
mentis ad manus mort non pronend' in hujusmodi casu
edict et promise si prefatus Mauricius Episcopus de Killalowe
non habet ad ostendendu licencia de mortmaun p Iras patentes
diet domini Regis aut per Iras patentes nobiliu progenitoru
diet domini Regis ad acquirendu preditas sexdecim quarterias
terre. Et quod quelibet quarteria de predict sexdecim
quarteriis terre valet per annu ultra reprisas tres denariso
sterlingor currentis monet Anglic.

In cuiu? rei testimoniu tam prefatus Nicholas Kenny

40O DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

per prefatu suu deputatu qm predict jura tor sigilla sua
huic apposuerunt datu die anno et loco quibus surpa.

Edmond Coppinger, Dep. Escaetor
[in dorso.]

Delibatur p manus Rolandi Delahude svientis pobile com
Donogho Thomonie 8 May, 1605.

Having now set forth all the information that I
could find regarding Iniscathay as far as the year
1604, a few observations are necessary to explain how
it is at one time mentioned as belonging to the diocese
of Killaloe and at another to Limerick.

The Inquisition of 1576 states that there was a
custos or guardian, prior, coarb, and chaplains con-
nected \\ith the collegiate church of St. Senan on the
island.

The Custos or Guardian.

The guardian is referred to as early as the closing
years of the thirteenth century, and his duties are de-
fined in the Proxy Roll of 1418, as being the collector
of the ecclesiastical fees for the precentor of the diocese
of Limerick, who had the right of appointing him.
Whenever the guardian of the collegiate or conventual
church of Iniscathy is referred to, he is always set down
as in the diocese of Limerick.

The Canonry of Iniscathay.

The canonry of Iniscathay is always mentioned as
belonging to the diocese of Killaloe, and received the
title from the fact that the canonry was endowed with
some possessions of the See of Iniscathy, after its sup-
pression, that lay within the territorial boundaries of
Killaloe.

INISCATHAY. 4OI

The Prior ship.

In the year 1400, for the first time we find mention
of the prior of Iniscathay, when John Hogan, prior,
together with the chapter and perpetual chaplains of the
collegiate church of Iniscathy, in the diocese of Killaloe,
got a confirmation of the endowments to this church
from Rome. In another document of the year 1400
the collegiate church is referred to as being in the diocese
of Killaloe.

In 141 1 a serious charge was brought against Prior
Hogan, and in the charge the olfice of prior was said to
be the principal dignity in said church and had the cure,
i.e., the care of souls. From this it may be inferred
that Hogan's title of prior was one that came down
from olden times, and that he had the whole or part
of the possessions that were attached to the title which
were at the Clare side of the Shannon, and immediately
under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Killaloe where
the prior lived, although he had some property also on
the island. It must be remembered that it was in the
year 1400 the collegiate church of Iniscathay is men-
tioned as being in the Killaloe diocese, and in that same
year Peter Curragh resigned the diocese of Limerick,,
and of necessity an interregnum must have intervened
before Cornehus O'Dea was appointed which gave
Prior Hogan an opportunity for representing the collegiate
church as in the diocese of Killaloe without fear of
contradiction.

In the Inquisition of 1604 the position of the prior
is pretty clearly defined, as the land he rented from the
Protestant bishop was no doubt part of the lands he
or his predecessor held by right of his title as prior of
Iniscathay.

402 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK,

The Coarb.

In the Inquisition of 1604, Nicholas Cahan and his
ancestors were called " corrubbues " of the termon of
Senan or of the sixteen quarters of land in the diocese
of Killaloe, and which was ecclesiastical property. The
coarb resided on these lands, and when the change of
rehgion came about Cahan had to rent his portion of
the Termon from the Protestant bishop, who became the
landlord under the new regime. The office of the coarb
came down from remote times and seemed to be hereditary
in the family of the Cahans.

The Portionary Clergy.

The portionary were bound to actual residence in
the collegiate church on the island, and as such were
in the diocese of Limerick and subject to the bishop,
and no one knew their position better than Cornelius
O'Dea, who had been Archdeacon of Killaloe, before
becoming Bishop of Limerick. As the Inquisition of
1604 states, they had to devote their time to religious
duties, and were maintained no doubt by contribu-
tions of pious pilgrims visiting the island, also from
some revenues derived from the Termon of Senan
and the diocese of Limerick. The reference in 1427 to
the " certain portion " in the church of Iniscathay
and the perpetual vicarage of Dunmoylan looks hke the
maintenance of one of the chaplains. These good
Fathers may be styled a community of Culdees, as
similar bodies that resided at Clonmacnoise and Armagh
were called and who maintained their existence to the
Reformation.

In the Inquisition of 1576 it is stated that the island
was in the county of Limerick, and was granted to
the Corporation of Limerick by Elizabeth. During the

INISCATHAY. 403

troubled times of the Tudors and Stuarts the spiritual
wants of the Cathohcs, if any resided in the island, were
attended to by the neighbouring priest of Kilrush, who
probably lived there, as he could not have a better
liiding place, when —

Among the poor
Or on the moor
Were hid the pious and the true.

In 1742 Dr. Lacy (1737-1759) went to the island of
Iniscathay accompanied by Rev. James White, and re-
covered the island from the diocese of Killaloe, and
attached it again to the diocese of Limerick, which
White records in his MS. Annals of the Diocese in the
following words : — '' Circa anno 1742 Rdissimus D. D.
Robertus Lacy Episcopus Limericensis recuperavit tunc
insulam de Iniscathy a diocesi Laonensi et eam iterum
adjunxit diocesi Limericensi ita testor, Jacobus White
Notarius Apost."

Immediately after this entry Dr. Young inserted
this note : — '' Anno 1801 epus Limericensis adivit in-
sulam de Iniscathy in qua invenit duas famihas com-
morantes, quas subjecit curae et jurisdictioni Revd.
Michaelis Suhivan parochi de BaUylongford in diocesi
Kyriensi," i.e., Dr. Young visited the island of Iniscathy
in which he found tw^o families whom he placed under the
care of the Rev. Michael Sulhvan, P.P., BaUylongford.

In November of 1801, Dr. Young received the following
letter from Father SuUivan giving a detailed account
of his missionary labours in Scattery ^ : —

My Lord,

Impressed with every sense of gratitude, I return you
my heartful thanks, for your kindness to me at all times,

1 The following documents are preserved in a volume of Dr.
Young's correspondence labelled " Home Correspondence," pp. 102-104,
and kindly lent to me by the Most Rev. Dr. O'Dwyer.

404 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

and especially while on my late excursion in your city, on
my return from whence (in consequence of the" wish you
zealously expressed of having the Scattery people properly
attended to), I immediately dispatched a pious catechist
I have here to instruct the young and old of that holy island
and entreat them to prepare for sacraments against last
Wednesday, on which day Mr. Kearney and I landed there very
early, satisfied byihe help of the Almighty, the good example
of our precursor we may reap a good harvest in that little
vineyard of the Lord. But to our grief they would not hear
to us. Amazed at the extraordinary change, from being so-
happy at being enhghtened and instructed the last time we
were with them, our poor pious man informed us the day
he was sent, the Reverend Mr. Fitzpatrick of Kilrush was
there, after baptising a child and churching the mother,
and on his asking what necessity was there for sending
for the coadjutor of Kilrush, the weather being so
favourable, the child strong, and the parish priest willing
to attend to them, their answer was, they did not know
who was their pastor, and during the twenty days he re-
mained there he would not be attended to, consequently
on our arrival no one was prepared for confession. Still we
remained until the following morning, thinking during that
interval (after exhorting them thereto) they may attempt
to make some reparation and seriously reflect on their
situations and our perse verence attempting to serve them.
The result of their nocturnal deliberations was a candid
acknowledgment that their only motive for acting in the
manner they have was solely owing to the Revd. Messrs.
Consiedin and Fitzpatrick of Kilrush, who have assured!
them they would in a few days produce a letter from their
bishop, by which they would convince them they for certain
were as usual to be their pastors.

You will have the goodness my Lord to believe it is not
my fault, that the few souls you had the kindness to commit
to my care have not profited thereby. Any future attempt
on my part must in my opinion be also fruitless so long
as the Kilrush clergymen i)retend to any authority in Scattei y..

INISCATHAY. 405

There is no alternative ; your Lordship will be kind enough
to exonerate me from the onus, or convince those clergymen
they cannot ha\^e jurisdiction in that island, in the latter
case non recuso labor are, nay I should be always happy
in being so blessed as to be a subject of yours, and as such
to have the honour of subscribing myself.

Your obliged and devoted humble servant,

Michael Sullivan.
Ballylongford, November 14th, 1801.

Dr. Young wrote the following note on the above
letter :—

Received this 26th or twelve days after it was written
Wrote the same day to Rev. Mr. Considin that I exonerated
him from the care of the island which letter was sent to the
post and the expenses of postage along with it. Wrote the
same day also to Dr. McM. [Dr. MacMahon, Bishop of Killaloe]
requesting he would inform Rev. M. C. of Kilrush that
Scattery made a part of the diocese of Limerick which Dr.
McM. postponed doing. Wrote to Rev. Mr. :\IcDonnell of
Glin on the 15th December, commissioning him to go to the
island in my name, to order the inhabitants to acknowledge
the jurisdiction of the Rev Mr. Sullivan, and not to apply
to any other especially the Kilrush clergy under pain of
excommunication to be incurred ipso facto. Desired Mr.
McDonnell would inform me of the success of his mission.

Rev. Mr. McDonnell's reply : —

Glin,
3is^ December, 1801.

My Lord,

Your Lordship's letter of the 15th was handed to me
by the Rev. :\L Sulhvan on the 24th inst., we fixed on Monday
29th, to execute your Lordship's commission. We ac-
cordingly arrived about 12 o'clock that day, not being able
to execute our business to my satisfaction as the principal

4o6 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

inhabitant had been in Kilrush accompanied by the other
inhabitant, we pursued Kearney to Kilrush. On meeting
him I acquainted them with the nature of your Lordship's
commission, they then expressed a wish to answ^er me in
the presence of the Rev. Mr. Considin, in consequence we
called on Mr. Considin who first appeared a little warm on
the occasion, but when I insisted on a decisive answer from
the people he cooled and recommended them to submit
which they did and accepted of Rev. M. Sulhvan. In the
interim he told them if his bishop should qualify him he
would call them back ; though the holidays were not all over
I did not delay the execution of your Lordship's commission,
knowing you wished to know as soon as possible the success
of the business. We had no delay, we were home the same
night. Wishing your Lordship the compliments of the
season and man 3^ happy years.
I remain, with the greatest esteem,

Your Lordship's most dutiful and obedient subject,
Michael McDonnell de Glin.

The Rev, M. Sullivan informs Dr. Young how he
fared with the Scattery people after Rev. M. McDonnell's
visit to that island : —

My Lord,

It is not owing to a want of the sense of the honour you
have done me, by deigning to write to me or the many other
favours I received from your Lordship ere now, but to the
disappointments I met with in endeavouring to bring the
good people of Scattery to a sense of the obedience they
owed their worthy bishop of which I could give your Lord-
ship no proper account until now, as they promised every
submission the day the Rev. Mr. McDonnell was with them,
but could not be prepared to approach sacraments, they
said, the day I then appointed for them, I instructed to let
me know exactly when they would be prepared, this they
assured me they would do as soon as Patrick Kearney (who
seems to be their chief) would return from Limerick. I

INISCATHAY. 407

received no account from them for a considerable time after
though I sent them different messages to that effect.
Astonished at their conduct I then wrote to Patrick Kearney
and entreated him to let me know when I should go to
administer sacraments there ; no answer to either. At last
on the 24th of May, I went to Scattery and enquired of
them, in as mild a manner as I could, why were they so
unhappy as to have neglected to approach the fountains
of grace for so long a time. Patrick Kearney in the name
of the others assured me they confessed twice since Mr.
]\IcDonnell and I were with them to Mr. Fitzpatrick of
Kilrush, who told them after his return from a meeting of his
clergy that the jurisdiction of Scattery was not yet decided,
I enquired if Mr. Considen told them so, they answered they
did not ask him. T then described to them in as feeling a
manner as I was able of the impropriety of their conduct,
the evident danger they were of bringing down upon them-
selves the severe anger of their worthy bishop who had the
salvation of their souls so much at heart. The only apology
they could make for their disobedience to your Lordship's
mandate, was that Mr. Fitzpatrick declared to them that
unless the jurisdiction of Scattery was totally given up to
him, the parish priest, he would not come to them on any
emergency, that is to say in case there may be a dying person,
at a moment when they might have not time or could not
possibly come to Ballylongford, and this they told me did
and may frequently happen, and therefore they hoped
your Lordship would leave them in the same position they
were in, as it was impossible for them to change pastors
without running the risk of having some of them die without
the benefit of sacraments, so I quitted them, but shall not let
you quit attempting to read this miserable and tedious
scribble without assuring your Lordship how much I am

Your Lordship's ever obliged and devoted servant,
Michael Sullivan.
Ballylongford, June yih, 1802.

408 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

A Petition from the inhabitants of Scattery to
Dr. Young : —

To the Right Rev. Dr. Young, Bishop of Limerick, the
humble Petition of the undersigned inhabitants of Scattery
island most humbly showeth that your Lordship's petitioners
feel themselves in the most distressing and dangerous con-
dition with respect to their eternal salvation owing to your
Lordship's orders preventing them from any recourse to the
chapel or clergy of Kilrush to fulfil the Christian duties
required of them by our holy Church, and by which they are
debarred by the positive orders of Rev. Mr. Considen, P.P.
of Kilrush. Your Lordship's petitioners, with humility
and confidence, beg leave to remonstrate to your Lordship
that it is more than probable that they would not have it
in their power to attend divine service every eighteenth
Sunday throughout the year if obliged to attend in Kerry,
and that the petitioners dread and shudder at the painful
thought and mortifying reflection that they or theirs may
die without the benefits of rites of that Church they were
born in and hope to die. Petitioners humbly beg leave to
refer your Lordship to the most skilful pilots in the river
Shannon, whose testimony before a magistrate (if required)
Petitioners will obtain that it is their behef to the best of
their knowledge, when no saihng boat could cross the channel
from Ballylongford, a row boat with ease and safety could
row back and forward from Scattery to Kilrush. Petitioners,
from your Lordship's well known paternal care of our holy
Church, submit their pitiful case to your humane and
charitable consideration, and hope for relief at your Lord-
ship's hands for which they will as duty bound for ever
pray.

Patrick Cartney.

Thomas Mor[an].i

Dr. Young evidently acceded to this request and
allowed the inhabitants of Scattery, as heretofore, to

1 The letters in brackets are barely readable as the ink is faded.

INISCATHAY. 409

attend Kilrush, and gave the priests of that parish the
necessary faculties — an arrangement which is hkely to
last until such time as a Bishop of Limerick may deem
it feasible to have a resident priest on the island to
minister to the spiritual wants of the good people of
that portion of his diocese.

FINIS.

APPENDICES.

PEDIGREE OF O'DONOVAN OF HY FIDHGENTE.

{Annals of the Four Masters, Vol. vi., pp. 24, 31, etc.)

I. EoGHAN Taidhleach, I.e. Eoghan the Splendid, otherwise
called Mogh Nuadhat. He is the great ancestor of the most dis-
tinguished families of Munster, and is mentioned in all the authentic
Irish Annals as the most powerful man in Ireland, next after Con of
the Hundred Battles, with whom he contended for the monarchy of
all Ireland. Con, however, at length forced him to quit Ireland ;
and we are told that he sought an asjdum in Spain, where he lived
for nine years in exile, during which time he was employed in the
khig's army. In the fourth year of his exile the king gave him
his daughter, Beara, in marriage. At length he entered into a
confederacy with the king, by whose co-operation he was able
to land a'numerous army of ' Spaniards in Ireland. He put in
at a harbour in the south of Ireland, to which he gave the name
of Beara (now Bearhaven), in honour of his wife, and, immediately
0:1 his landing, was joined by his relatives and a numerous body of
followers. He defeated Coii in ten successive engagements, and
compelled him to resign all authority over the southern half of Ireland,
over which he (Mogh Nuadhat) was to be king, independent of Con.
— See the Annals of Tighernach, at the year 166; and O'Flaherty's
Ogygia, Part III., chap. Ix.

The boundary which separated these two divisions (which were
called Leath-Chuinn, i.e. Con's half, and Leath-Mhogha, i.e. Mogh's
half) was called Eiscir-Riada, and extended from Dublin to Clonard,
thence to Clonmacnoise, and Clonburren, and thence across the pro-
vince of Connaught, to Meadhraighe, a peninsula extending into the
bay of Galway.

This division of Ireland into two parts was observed only one year,
when, if we believe the author of the Battle of Magh-Leana, Mogh
Nuadhat grew discontented when he observed that the part of Dublin
which by this division was ceded to Con was more advantageous
in the profits arising from ship duties, fisheries, and other commercial
emoluments ; in consequence of which he demanded half the revenue.
Con refused to accede to this demand, upon which their hostilities
being renewed, they agreed to decide the controversy by a pitched
battle, to be fought at ]\iagh-Leana, now Moylena parish, alias Kilbride,
near Tullamore, in the King's County. Here the armies of both
encamped, on the north side of the Eiscir-Riada, not far from
Durrow ; and Con, finding himself inferior in forces, had recourse to
stratagem : he surprised the enemj-'s camp early in the morning, and
obtained a victory. Gaul, the son of Morna, of the race of Sanbh
(Firbolgic king of' Connaught), a distinguished champion, slew Mogh
Nuadhat, who, not expecting any attack from the enemy, lay asleep
in his tent. There are still to be se^n at Moylena two tumitli, in one

412 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

of^which the body of ]\Iogh Nuadhat was interred, and in the other
that of Frsch, the Spaniard, his brother-in-law. After this battle
Con was proclaimed monarch of all Ireland ; and he reigned twenty
years in uninterrupted peace and tranquillity.

Eoghan Taidhleach, or Mogh Nuadhat, had by Beara, his Spanish
wife, two sons: (i) Olioll Olum, the ancestor of all the subsequent
kings of Munster; and (2) Lughaidh Eagha, a champion much celebrated 1
in Irish stories for his extraordinary strength, valour, and prowess.

II. OiLioLi, Glum. He became King of Leath-Mhogha, or the
southern half of Ireland, after having conquered Lughaidh Maccon,
the ancestor of O'Driscoll, in the battle of Ceann-Feabhradh Sleibhe
Caoin, in the year 2},7. He married Sadhbh, or Sabia, daughter of
Con of the Hundred Battles, and had by her seven sons, who all fell in
the battle of Magh-Mucruimhe, near Athenry, in the present county
of Galway, except Cormac Cas and Cian. Of these only three left
issue, namely, Eoghan, Cormac Cas, and Cian, the ancestor of
O'Carroll of Ely O'Carroll, of O'Meagher of Ikerrin, and several other
families. It appears from a historical tract, preserved in the library
of Trinity College, Dublin (H. 3. 17, p. 849), that Oilioll Olum was
jealous with his wife, Sabia ; that he turned her away after she had
a son and a daughter ; and that she was obliged to live for some time
in the mountain of Sliabh Comhalt, now Keeper Hill, in the county
of Tipperary ; that her brother, the monarch Art, son of Con, put
Oilioll on his trial for neglecting his wife and denying his children ;
and that the Ollavs, or chief Brehons, or Judges o'f Ireland, decided
that the children were legitimate, and that Oilioll Olum should pay
for their fosterage, and provide for them.

Previous to his time, the ancestors of the O'DriscolIs, of the
Ithian race, and the Ernaans, of the race of Heremon, had been kings
of Munster, according to the fortune of each in the war, in which
they were almost constantly embroiled with each other. But Oilioll
Olum fixed the sceptre in his own family, and divided Munster into
two parts, between his second son, Cormac Cas, and the heir of his
eldest son, Eoghan, and enjoined that their descendants should
succeed to the government of the province in alternate succession ;
and this injunction was complied with until the time of Brian
Borumha, who set it aside for ever, after dethroning the heir, not
only of Eoghan, but of Con of the Hundred Battles.

III. Eoghan. He was the eldest son of Oilioll Olum, and brother
of Cormac Cas, ancestor of the O'Briens of Thomond. He was killed
in the battle of Magh Mucruimhe, near Athenry, in the now county
of Galway, fought a.d. 250, between Art, the son of Con of the Hundred
Battles, monarch of Ireland, and Lughaidh Maccon, the ancestor of
the family of the O'DriscolIs, who had been expelled Ireland a.d. 237,
but returned in 240 with some British auxiliaries. It is stated in
the authentic Irish annals that Eoghan, the son of Oilioll Olum, was
killed in this battle hj Bene, a Briton.

This Eoghan married Moncha, the daughter of Dil, a druid of
noble extraction, and had issue by her :

IV. FiACHA Muii.LE.\THAN. He was declared King of Munster,
in accordance with the will of his grandfather, on the death of his
uncle, Cormac Cas, which occurred a.d. 260. His territory was
invaded by Cormac Mac Art, the grandson of Con of the Hundred
Battles ; but Fiacha met him in a pitched battle at Drom-Damhghaire,
now Knocklong, in the present county of Limerick, where Cormac
was defeated and obliged to make restitution for the injuries caused
ty this invasion. This Fiacha lived at Knockgraffon, near the Suir,

APPENDICES. 413

in the county of Tipperary, where his moat and extensive entrench-
ments are still to be seen.

He had two sons, of whom the elder was called OilioU Flannmore,
and the younger, Oilioll Flannbeg. OilioU Flannmore, having had no
heir, adopted his brother, Oilioll Flannbeg, as his son, who, in his
turn, became King of Leath-Mhogha, after the death of Mogh Corb,
son of Corniac Cas, who was son of Oilioll Olum.

V. OiLioi.L Flannbeg. He was King of Munster for thirty
years, and was slain in the battle of Corann by the men of Connaught,
aided by Fothadh Conann, son of Maccon, the ancestor of the
O'Driscolls. He had four sons, namely : (i) Eochaidh, King of Munster,
whose race is extinct ; (2) Daire Cearba, the ancestor of O'Donovan ;
(3) Lughaidh, ancestor of MacCarthy and his correlatives ; (4) Eoghan,
from whom descended six saints, namely: (i) St. Cormac, whose life
is given in the Book of Lccan, and published in a Latin translation
by Colgan at 26th March ; (2) St. Becan of Cill-Becain at the foot of
Siiabh gCrot in Muscraighe-Chuirc ; (3) St. Culan of Glenkeen, in the
territory of Ui-Luigheach [Ileagh]. in the present county of Tipperary,
whose bell, called Beranan-Culain, is still preserved; (4) St. Evin of
Ros-glas, now Monasterevin, in the county of Kildare ; (5) St. Dermot
of Kilmacnowen, near the hill of Knocknarea, in the count}' of Sligo ;
and (6) Boetan of Cill-Boetain, in the territory of Dalaradia, in "the
east of Ulster. — See O'Flaherty's Ogygia, p. 381, where O'Flaherty
writes : " Olillo Flannbeg regi Momoniae supererant Achaius, rex
Momoniaj, Darius Kearb, ex quo O'Donawan Lugadius et Eugenius."

It should be here remarked, that Mr. Laine falsities this quotation
from O'Flaherty in his pedigree of the Count ]MacCarthy.

VI. Daire Cearba. He was King of Leath-Mhogha, and dis-
tinguished himself at the head of the forces of Munster in repelling
the assaults of certain pirates who infested the coasts of Munster.
He had seven sons, of whom the eldest was Fidhach, the father of the
celebrated Crimhthaun JNIor mac Fidhaigh, the senior of the Milesian
race, who became Monarch of Ireland despite of the rival race of Con
of the Hundred Battles, and who established colonies of Munstermen
at Glastonbury, and in different parts of Wales, where, according to
Cormac's Glossary, there are several places called after his people,
who no doubt, built the forts called Ceiter Guidelod, or forts of the Gaels
or Irish, by the Welsh. It is also stated that this warlike monarch
made some expeditions into Scotland in the year 369, where he assisted
the Picts in opposing the Romans, under the Governor Theodosius.
He is also said to have made some descents upon the coasts of Gaul,
whence he returned with immense booty. This warlike monarch, by
far the most distinguished that the Munster race can boast of in pagan
times, was poisoned by his own sister, Mongfinn, the wife of Eochaidh
Moyvaine, who had been Monarch of Ireland preceding Crimhthaun.
She effected this while Crimhthaun was on a visit with her at Inis-
Dornglas, an island in the river Moy in Connaught, in the hope that
her eldest son, Brian, might be immediately seated on the throne
of Ireland ; and in order the more effectually to deceive her brother
as to the contents of the proffered cup, she drank of it lirst herself,
and died of the poison soon after. Crimhthann, on his way home
to Munster, died at a place in the south of the present county of Clare,
which, from that memorable event, received the appellation of
Shabh Oighidhan Righ, i.e. the Mountain of the Death of the King.
It has been remarked by ancient and modern Irish writers, that this
execrable act of Mongfinn had not the desired effect, for that neither
her son, Brian, nor any of her posterity, ever attained to the monarchy

414 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

of Ireland, except Turlough O'Conor, and his son, Roderic, who were
luckless monarchs to Ireland !

The race of this great monarch, Crimthann More, became extinct ;
but the race of Daire Cearba was continued by his second son, Fiacha
Fidhgeinte, the ancestor of O'Donovan, and his third son, Eochaidh
Liathanach, the ancestor of the tribe of Ui-Liathain, in the south-east
of the present county of Cork, where their chief, Mac Tyrus, was
very powerful at the English Invasion. His fourth son, Deaghaidh,
or Dagaeus, was ancestor of the Ui-Deaghaidh, in the territory of
Eoghanacht-Chaisil, of whom was the virgin, St. Sinchea ; and from
Dera, his fifth son, descended the celebrated St. Rodanus of Lorha,
in Lower Ormond, who cursed the royal palace of Tara, in the sixth
century.

VII. Fiacha Fidhgeinte, the second son of Daire Cearba.
After the death of Crimhthann More mac Fidhaigh, in a.d. 379, the
race of Fiacha Fidhgeinte became the senior line of the Milesian race,
and contended for the crown of Munster. Fiacha himself, however,
never became King of Munster, for he was killed by his rival, Aengus
Tireach, great-grandson of Cormac Cas, in a battle fought at Clidhna,
near Glandore harbour, as appears from a poem by Cormac Mac
Cuilleanain, quoted in the Book of M-iinstcr. While Crimhthann
More mac Fidhaigh, the nephew of this Fiacha, was Monarch of Ireland,
he made Conall Eachluath, the grandson of Aengus Tireach, King of
Munster ; and after the poisoning of Crimhthann, Enna Airgtheach,
the son of Conall Eachluath, became King of Leath Mhogha ; and none
of the family of Crimhthann ever after attained to the sovereignty
of all Munster.

The Lcabhav ]\Iuimhncach, or Munster Book, as preserved in the
Book of Lccan, states that this Fiacha received the cognomen of
Fidhgheinte, because he constructed a wooden horse at the fair of
Aenach Cholmain in Magh-Life : — " Fid-geiiit niinciipains est qiiia fecit
■equiini ligneum in Circiiiio Colmain in Campo Liphi."

From him descended the Ui-Fidhgeinte or Xepotes Fidhgenti, of
whom was the celebrated St. Molua of Cluain-fearta Molua, at the
foot of Slieve Bloom, in Upper Ossory, in whose Ufe their situation
is described as follows : —

" Et venit [S. Molua] ad Mumeniam, et lustravit patriam suam.
i. Nepotes Fidgenti, quae gens est in medio Mumeni, a medio planicie
Mumenie usque ad medium montis Luachra in occidente ad australem
plagam flummis Synnae." — Vit. S. Mohics. Ex codice Killkenniensi,
in Marsh's Library, Dublin, V. 3. i. 4, F. 135.

This Fiacha had three sons, viz. : Brian, Sedna, a quo Ui-Sednas
and Laeghaire, a quo the nepotes Laeghaire.

VIII. Brian. He was King of South Munster when Niall of
the Nine Hostages was Monarch of Ireland. He had seven sons, viz. :
(i) Cairbre Aebhdha, the ancestor of O'Donovan and Mac Eniry ; (2)
•GoU ; (3) Lughaidh ; (4) Daire, from whose grandson, Conall, descended
the tribe of Ui-Conaill, giving name to the Conilloes, in the county
of Limerick, of whom was O'Coileain, O'Kinealy, O'Billrin, and other
families, but not the O'Connells, as asserted by Dr. O'Brien, in his
Irish Dictionary, for the O'Connells of Kerry are of the same race as
O'Falvy, i.e. of the race of Conary II., Monarch of Ireland ; and the
O'Connells of Cork, as appears from the historical poem of Cathan
•O'Duinin, are of the same race as the O'Donohoes of Eoghanacht
Locha Lein in Kerry ; (5) Fergus ; (6) Ross ; and (7) Cormac.

IX. Cairbre Aebhdha. He had five sons, viz. : (i) Ere, a quo

APPENDICES. 415

O'Donovan ; (2) Eccen, a quo the Fir-Thamhnaighe, the Ui- Brogain,
and the Ui-Garbhain ; (3) Trian ; (4) Sedua, a quo Mac Eniry, chief
of Corca-Muichead, now the parish of Corcamohid, alias Castletown
Mac Eniry, in the south of the county of Limerick ; and (5) Cormac,
a quo Mac Caechluinge.

This Cairbre Aebhdha gave name to Ui-Cairbre Aebhdha, a
territory comprising the barony of Coshma, and the district around
Kilmallock, in the county of Limerick. He had several sons, of whom
the eldest was,

X. Erc, who had two sons, Lonan and Kiufaela ; the former was
chief of the Ui-Fidhgeinte, and contemporary with St. Patrick, whom
he entertained (according to the Tripartite Life, published by Colgan),
in the year 439, at his palace, situated on the summit of the hill of
Kea, near the mountain of Carn-Feradhaigh. But it appears that
Lonan afterwards quarrelled with Patrick, and refused to become
his convert, for which reason the saint cursed him, and predicted
that his race would become extinct, and that his principality would
be transferred to the race of his brother.

XL KiNFAELA. Nothing is known of this chieftain, except
that he was the first of his race who embraced the Christian religion,
about the year 439, and that the following generations descended
from him : —

XII. OiLIOLL CEANNFADA.

XIII. Laipe.

XIV. Aengus.

XV. Aedh.

XVI. Crunnmael.

XVII. EoGHAN, Chief of Ui-Figeinte, who was killed, according
to Tighernach, in the year 667, in a battle fought against his neigh-
bours, the people of Ara-Cliach, who inhabited the territory on the
other side of the River Maigue.

XVIII. Aedh Roin. After the death of Eoghan, his relative,
Conall, of the sept of Ui-Conaill-Gabhra, became chief of all the
Ui-Figeinte, and, on his death, which occurred in the year 701 (Ann.
Tighev.), his brother, Aedh Dubh, becamechief of the Nepotes Figeinte,
but on his death, which happened in the year 715, the chieftainship
reverted to.

XIX. DuvDAVORAN, who died, Rex Nepotum Figeinte, in the
year 750 (Ann. Tighcr.) After his death the chieftainship devolved to
Flann, son of Erc, who was the head of a sept of the Ui-Conaill-Gabhra,
but, on his death in 755, the chieftainship reverted to

XX. KiNFAELA, who rulcd the Nepotes Figeinte for eleven
years, and died a natural death in 767, After the death of Kinfaela,
Scanlan, the son of Flann, of the sept of Ui-Conaill-Gabhra, seized
on the chieftainship and ruled the Ui-Figeinte for fourteen years.
He died in the year 78 1, and was succeeded by his son or nephew,
Murchadh, the grandson of Flann, who died in 802. At this period
the race of Conall Gabhra got the upper hand of the race of Cairbre
Aebhdha, for it appears from the Irish annals that Murchadh was
succeeded by Bruadar, who died in S09, and Bruadar by Dunadhach,
the son of Scannlan, who died in 834, after having gained a con-
siderable victory over the Danes, who had made an irruption into
liis territory. But on the death of Dunadhach, the chieftainship
reverted to the race of Cairbre Aebhdha, and Niall, the son of
Kinnfaela, is the next chief of the Ui-Figeinte recorded by the Irish
annahsts. He died in 844.

XXI. Cathal, Chief of Ui-Cairbre Aebhdha.

4l6 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

XXII. Uainigh, Chief of Ui-Cairbre Aebhdha.

XXIII. Cathal, Chief of the Ui-Figeinte, slain by the celebrated
Callaghan Cashel, King of Munster. He had two sons, Uainidh, Rex-
Coirpre, who died in 964, according to the old Annals of Innisfallen,
and

XXIV. Donovan, the progenitor after whom the family name
O'Donovan has been called. " This Donovan made his name celebrated
throughout Ireland for his opposition to the more powerful family
of Dal-Cais of Thomond, which nearly caused the total destruction
of his own sept. In the year 976, as we are informed by the Annalist
Tighernach, Mahon, the son of Kennedy, King of Munster, was put
to death by Maelmuaidh, the son of Bran, King of Ui-Eathach, to
whom he had been treacherously delivered up by Donovan, the son
of Cathal, King of Ui-Figeinte. The Dublin copy of the Annals of
Innisfallen add, that Mahon was killed at Bearna-dhearg [now the
Red Gap or Red Chair, a chasm in the mountain of Sliabh Reagh,
on the borders of Ui-Figeinte and Fermoy], and that the coarb of St.
Finnbhar, or Bishop of Cork, denounced all those who were concerned
in conspiring his death.

The removal of Mahon, head of the Dal-Cais, was however, of
no avail to the race of Eoghan, for it only cleared the way for his
more illustrious brother, Brian, afterwards called Brian Borumha,
who, immediately after the death of Mahon, made his way to the
throne of J\Iunster, in despite of all the opposition and treachery of
his adversaries of South Munster. Nor did he leave the death of
Mahon long unrevenged, for, in the year 977, he marched his forces
into the plains of Ui-Figeinte, where Donovan and his father-in-law,
Amlaff, or Auliffe, King of the Danes of Munster, had their forces in
readiness to meet him. and a battle ensued, in which Brian vanquished
his enemies with great slaughter, and left Donovan and Amlaff dead
upon the field. — (Annals of the Four Masters, and Annals of Innis-
fallen.) This Danish Donovan also formed an alliance with the Danes
of Waterford, and one of the sons of Imhar, or Ivor, King of the Danes
of Waterford, was called Donovan after him. This Danish Donovan,
who was evidently the grandson of Donovan, King of the Nepotes
Figeinte, slew Dermot, son of Donnell, Lord of Hy-Kinsellagh, in
995, and slew also in the same year Gillapatrick, Chief of Ossory,
but was himself slain soon after by Cuduiligh, the son of Kineth,
one of the men of Offal}-, in revenge of the death of the Lord of Hy-
Kinsellagh. At this period surnames became for the first time here-
ditary in Ireland, for we find that many of the chieftain families in
Ireland took surnames from ancestors who were living at this period.
— See a short article on this subject published by the Editor in the
Irish Penny Journal, loth April, 1841.

XXV. Cathal mac Donovan. Brian Borumha did not satisfy
his revenge by the slaughter of Donovan and his people of Ui-Figeinte,
together with their allies, the Dgaies of Munster. In the year 978 he
marched a second time against the rival race of Eoghan or Eoghanachts,
and came to an engagement with them at Bealach-Leachta, in Muskerry,
near Macroom, in the now county of Cork, where he vanquished them
d,nd their Danish allies with dreadful havoc. After this defeat the
race of Eoghan were glad to give up their rivalship for the govern-
ment of Munster, and to make peace with Brian on his own conditions.
Accordingly we find these two great races of the blood of OilioU Olum
at peace with each other for a period of thirty-six years, that is, from
the year 978 till 1014. Among the chieftains of the line of Eoghan
who submitted to Brian on this occasion, was Cathal, the son of his-

APPENDICES. 417

inveterate enemy, Donovan, who, if we may rely on the DubUn copy
of the Annals of Innisfallen, fought at Clontarf, on the side of Brian
against his relatives the Danes ; but it is more than probable that many
of the Munster Danes (one of whom, according to Duald Mac Firbis's
account of the Danish families in Ireland, was married to Brian
Borumha's own daughter) fought also on the Irish side. He was
placed in the second division of Brian's forces, of which Kian, the
son of Maelmuaidh, ancestor of the O'Mahonys, had the chief command,
and this division contended with the forces of Leinster. It does not
appear whether or not Cathal was killed in this battle. He was
married to a Danish wife, as is quite manifest from the name of his son.

XXVI. Amhlaoibh, Auliffe or Amlaff O'Donovan. He
flourished a.d. 1041, and was evidently the O'Donovan who slew
Donnchadh Ua Eachach, as mentioned in the Bodleian copy of the
Annals of Innisfallen, under that year. He left a son —

XXVII. MuRCHADH O'Donovan, of whom nothing is known,
except that he left a son —

XXVIII. Aneslis O'Donovan, a name which indicates a Danish
connexion. In his time Desmond was thrown into a state of confusion
in consequence of the feuds between the O'Briens and MacCarthys,
during which the O' Donovans were driven from the plains of Ui-
Figeinte, and forced to fly beyond the Mangerton mountain. — See
note m, under the year 1178, p. 45, supra. Whether they were ever
after able to return has not been yet determined. Collins asserts,
in his pedigree of the late General "O'Donovan, of Bawnlahan, that
O'Donovan resided at Croom, till he was driven thence by Maurice
Fitzgerald, second Baron of Offaly, whc was Lord Justice of Ireland
in the year 1229 ; but this has not been proved. Murchadh had a
son —

XXIX. Raghnall, Ranulph, Randal, or Reginald O'Donovan.
another name which bespeaks a Danish alUance. In the
year 1201 the chief of the O' Donovans, Amhlaoibh, Aulaf, cr
Auliff, was seated in the now county of Cork, where he was slain
that year by the O'Briens and De Burgos, but how he stood related
to this Raghnall has not been proved. — See note °, under the year
1200, p. 126; and note y, under the year 1418, pp. 832, 933, supra.

B.

CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN GILLEBERT AND St. ANSELM.
{Sylloge 87-88. Dublm Ed., 1632.)

Gilberti, Lunicensis episcopi, ad Episcopos Hiberniye.
De usu Ecclesiastico.

Episcopis, [cS-] presbyteris iotiiis Hibernia, mfimus pycesulum Gille
Lunicensis in Christo Salutem.
Rogati, necnon & praecepto multorum ex vobis (charissimi)
Canonicalem consuetudinem in dicendis horis & peragendo totius
Ecclesiastici Ordinis officio scribere conatus sum, non pra2Sumptiv;o,
sed vestra; cupiens parere pijssimae jussioni ; ut diversi & schismatici
illi ordines, quibus Hibernia pene tota delusa est, uni Catholico &
Romano cedant Officio. Quid enimjmagis indecens aut schismaticum

2 E

4i8

DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

dici potent, quam doctissimum unius Ordinis in alterius Ecclesia
idiotam & laicum fieri ? Quicumque ergo CathoUcae membrum se
profitetur Ecclesiae, sicut una fide, spe, charitate, in corpore jungitur,
ita Deum ore & ordine cum csEteris membris laudare jubetur. Unde
Apostolus : Ut unanimes nno ore honorificctis Deum. Sicut igitur
linguarum per siiperbiam facta dispersio, ad uiiitatem in Apostolica
humilitate ducta est : sic ordinum per negligentiam & praeoumptionem
exorta confusio, ad consecratam Romana; Ecclesia? regulam per vestrum
studium & humilitatem ducenda est. Quantum ergo debeat morum
unitas servari a fidelibus, quamvis ex multis locis sacrae Scripturse
manifestum sit ; pra?sens tamen Ecclesiae depicta imago oculis subjecta
patenter ostendit. Namque omnia Ecclesia? membra uni Episcopo,
videlicet Christe, ejusque vicario beato Petro Apostolo, atque in ejus
sede praesidenti Apostolico, subjici & ab eis manifestat gubernari.
Haec tandem praemia pro tantulo opere a vobis omnibus expostulo ;
ut sicut hie Deum uno corde & ore laudare debemus, sic ei, vestris
precibus adjutus, una vobiscum psallere in coelestibus valere merear.
Amen.

Ejusdem Gilleberii, ad Anselmum Cantuariensem archiepiscopum.

Anselmo Dei gratia Anglorum Archi-prasuli, Gillebertus Dei quoqiie
misericordia Lunicensif; Episcopus fidcle servitium &• orationes.

Audiens, Pater, certaminis vestri laborem & laboris victoriam ;
subditas esse videlicet indomitas Normannorum mentes Regularibus
sanctorum Patrum decretis, ut legaliter fiat Abbatum cS: Praesulum
electio & consecratio : immensas divinae clementiae refero gratias ; &
quas possum Deo preces effundo, ut perseverantiam vobis & tanti
laboris pracmium largiatur. ]\Iunusculum paupertatis meae & devo-
tionis transmitto, XXV. margaritulas inter optimas et viliores : et
rogo ne sitis immemor mei in orationibus vestri, in quibus post divinara
largitatem confido.

Ansebni, Cantuariensis archiepiscopi, ad eundem Gillebertum.

Ansehniis, serviis Ecclesice Cantuariensis, Gillcberto Liiuicen^t Episcopo
Salutem.

Gratias ago Reverentite vestrae, quia laetari se significat in litteris
suis, quod Deus in Ecclesia sua ad profectum religionis per me dignatur
a liquid operari. Quoniam autem olim nos apud Rothomagum invicem
cognovimus, dilectione sociati suumus, & nunc cognosco vos ad
Episcopatus dignitatem gratia Dei profecisse : confidenter audeo vos
obsecrare, & secundum quod intelligo opus esse, vobis consulere.
Sublimavit Deus in Hibernid vestram prudentiam ad tantam digni-
tatem ; & prosuit vos, ut studeretis ad religionis vigorem & animarum
utilitatem. Satagite ergo sollicite (sicut scriptum est ; Qui praest,
in iollicitudine,) in ilia gente, quantum in vobis est, corrigere & ex-
tirpare, & bonos mores plantare & seminare. Ad hoc etiam (quantum
in vobis est) Regem vestrum, tS: alios Episcopos, & quoscunq ; potesits
suadendo, & gaudia quae parata sunt bonis, ac mala quae expectant
malos, ostendendo attrahite. Et de vestris, & aliorum bonis operibus
praeminum mereamini a Deo accipere. Grates refero nro munere
vestro, quod mihi benigne mifistis. Orate pro me.

APPENDICES. 419

c.

CORPORATION LANDS.

Amongst the Records in the Office of the Chief Remembrancer
IN Ireland is an Inquisition remaining there of Record,
OF which the following is a Copy.

An Inquisition indented, taken at the city of Limerick, in the
county of Limerick, the i8th day of March, in the year of the reign of
our Sovereign Lord King James of England, France, and Ireland,
the 1 2th, and of Scotland the 48th, before Sir Francis Aungier,
Knight, member of the rolls in the King's High Court of Chancery
in the realm of Ireland ; and Sir John Davis, Knight, the King's
Attorney-General of the said realm, being his Highness's Justices
of Assize, in the province of Munster, by virtue of a commission of
our said Sovereign Lord the King, under the great seal of his kingdom,
to the said Sir Francis Aungier and Sir John Davis directed ; and to
this inquisition annexed, by the oath of good and lawful men of the
said county of Limerick, whose names do follow, viz. : —

Henry Barkley, of Ballycahan, gentleman ; James Rawly, of
Ballyngowly, gentleman ; Connor O'Heyne, of Cahirelly, gentleman ;
Donnell M'Mahowne, of Cragan, gentleman ; John Oge Gerrald, of
Ballinard, gentleman ; John Fitzgerald Anester, of Mullen, gentle-
man ; Richard Wall, of Cloughtreade, gentleman ; Richard Purcell,
of Balhnycarrigy, gentleman ; John Fitz Edmonde, of Fillsterstowne,
gentleman ; Dermode M'Teige, of Twogh, gentleman ; Walter Brown,
of Camus, gentleman ; Thomas Fitz John, of Ballynymong, gentleman :
Teige O'Bryen, of Gortboy, gentleman.

Which say upon their oaths that King John, late King of
England and Lord of Ireland, by his Letters Patent, granted forty
ploughlands, with their appurtenances, to the mayor and citizens
of the citv of Limerick aforesaid, and their successors, rendering and
paying to' the said King John, his heirs and successors, the yearly
rent of l<^o Irish ; and that afterwards King Henry the Third, late
King of England and Lord of Ireland, by his Letters Patent, granted
ten ploughlands, parcel of the said forty ploughlands, to the then
Bishop of Limerick and his successors, as by a certain record showed
to the said jurors in evidence appeareth ; which ten ploughlands
the Bishops of Limerick aforesaid have, or of right ought to have,
and for which ten ploughlands the Bishop of Limerick paid no rent
to the mayor and commonalty of the city of Limerick aforesaid.

And the said jurors do also saj-, upon their oaths, that the late
priors of St. Marie House, in the city of Limerick, were anciently
seised in their demesne as of fee of other six ploughlands, parcel
of the said forty ploughlands ; but by whose gift or grant the said
priors were so seised, the said jurors do not know.

And that the said priory came to the hands of our sovereign
lord, King James, who by his Letters Patent granted the six plough-
lands to Edmond Sexton, Esq. ; and the said Edmond, at the day
of the taking of this Inquisition, had in his tenure and possession
one ploughland, called the Prior's land, lying south-west to the said
city, and near the wall of said city, and also the lands called the
Meriksland, the two parcels of land called (each of them) Claskngilly,
and the parcels of land called Bramloge and Inschymore, all which
four last-mentioned parcels of land, now in the possession of the
said Edmond, contain by estimation half a ploughland, and are

420

DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

parcels of the said forty ploughlands, and that the said parcel, called
Monksland, containing sixteen acres, or thereabouts, was by Letters
Patent from the late Queen Elizabeth, leased to the said Edmond
Sexton' for certain years yet unexpired, rendering four-pence for every
acre to the said late Queen and her successors, and that for the rest
of the said parcels of land, now in the occupation of the said Edmond,
no rent is paid or due to the said mayor and commonalty of Limerick,
but the said Edmond holdeth them as part of the said six ploughlands.

And the said jurors do also say upon their oaths, that the master
and confreres of the Hospital or House of Capers,i near unto the city
of Limerick aforesaid, do hold and are seised in fee of one other plough-
land, parcel of the said forty ploughlands, by grant and Letters Patent
of King Henry the Third, as appeareth by an ancient record thereof
showed in evidence to the said jurors. And that Gerald, late Earl
of Desmond, was seised in his demesne as of fee of and in one other
parcel of land called Corbally, containing by estimation one plough-
land parcel of the said forty ploughlands, and being so seised thereof,
was attained of high treason, by force whereof the said parcel of land,
called Corbally, came to the hands of the late Queen Elizabeth, who
granted the same, by Letters Patent, to Robert Aneslie, one of the
undertakers in the county of Limerick, for the yearly rent of forty
shillings, which Corbally is now in the tenure and possession of
Thomas' Gould, by convenience and assignment from the said Robert
Aneslie, and no rent is paid out of it to the mayor and commonalty
of the said city of Limerick.

And the said jurors do also say upon their oaths, that another
parcel of land, called Bealus, alias Courtbrack, containing by estima-
tion one ploughland, parcel of said forty ploughlands, came to the
late Queen's Majesty's hands by the said attainder of the said Gerald,
late Earl of Desmond, who by her Letters Patent granted the same
to the said Robert Aneslie, for the yearly rent of three pounds Irish,
which said parcel called Bealus, is now m the tenure and possession
of the Earl of Thomond, and no rent paid for it to the mayor and
commonalty of Limerick.

And that one other parcel of land, called Ffarrenygallagh, con-
taining by estimation half a ploughland, parcel of the said forty
ploughlands, was part of the possessions and in the tenure and
occupation of the nunnery of Killene, in the county of Clare, which
Ffarrenygallagh, together with the said nunnery and the possessions
thereof, came unto the Crown, and was by Letters Patent granted
to the Lord Baron of Insiquine, in the county of Clare, and is now
in the occuptaion of the said Earl of Thomond, for which no rent is
paid to the said mayor and commonalty, but what rent is issuing
out of the same to the King's Majesty the jurors do not know. And
the said jurors do also say upon their oaths that two parts of two
ploughlands in three parts divided in Ratwyrd, being parcel of the
said forty ploughlands, came into the late Queen Elizabeth's hands
by the attainder of one John Browne, and were by her Majesty granted
to the said Robert Aneslie, and are now in the tenure and possession
of William Bourke Fitz Nicholas of Limerick aforesaid, merchant,
assignee thereof to the said Earl of Thomond, assignee thereof to the
said to Robert Aneslie, out of which parcel of land the rent of £6
Irish is issuing and pavable to the King's Majesty ; and that three
other parcels of land," viz., Gortediravohir, containing ten acres ;
Gortnebewley, containing five acres ; Rathgreylan, contammg fifteen

1 Evidently a mistake for Lepers.

APPENDICES. 421

acres, with three parcels of land, are accounted for one ploughland,
parcel of the said forty ploughlands, and are now in tenure and
possession of Phillis White, Simon Ffaning, and Edmond Bourke,
of Ballasimon, for which said three parcels of land the said Phillis
Simon and Edmond pay no rent to the said mayor and commonalty.

And also the said jurors say, upon their oath, that certain other
small parcels of gardens lying by south of the gate of the said city
commonly called St. John's Gate, and the land of Martin Croft, and
Clownegonderiske, containing in estimation one ploughland, and being
parcel of the said forty ploughlands, are now in the tenure of the
mayor and commonalty of the said city, and that the said
mayor and commonalty are also seised of the several parcels of land
hereafter following, being parcel of the said forty ploughlands : viz.,
the parcel of land called Park, containing by estimation three-quarters
of ploughland, now in the tenure and possession of Thomas Comyn,
of Limerick aforesaid, merchant, and held by him, by the demise of
the said mayor and commonalty, for the rent of fifteen shillings, Irish.
Item — One other parcel of land, called Renbough, containing in
estimation three-quarters of a ploughland, being in the tenure of
Nicholas Arthure, and held by him of the said mayor and commonalty
for the yearly rent of lifteen shillings, Irish. Item — One other parcel
of land called Ballysj-ado, containing by estimation three quarters
of a ploughland, now in the possession of John Fox, and by him held
of the said mayor and commonalty for the yearly rent of fifteen
shillings, Irish. Item — Three other parcels of land, called Dwylish,
Ballymoldowyn, and Rathmichell, containing by estimation one
ploughland, now in the possession of the said Nicholas Arthure, and
by him held of the said mayor and commonalty by the yearly rent
of twenty shillings, Irish. Item — One other parcel of land, called
Rathbane, containing by estimation three-quarters of a plough-
land, which in times past was parcel of the three ploughlands which
the FitzSimons held of the mayor and commonalty aforesaid, and is
now in the possession of Pierce Creagh, his heirs, Phillis White and
Simon Ffaning, paying for it only twelve shillings and four-pence,
Irish. Item — The third part of the parcel of land called Rathwyrd,
which third part contains by estimation the third part of two plough-
lands, and is now in the possession of Nicholas Strich, of Limerick,
merchant, who payeth for the same to the said mayor and commonalty
the rent of Irish. Item — One other parcel of land called

Crewe Iwally, alias Ballyincloghe, containing by estimation the fourth
part of a ploughland, being now in the possession of Christopher
Arthure, for the yearly rent of five shillings, Irish, paid to said mayor
and commonalty. Item — One other parcel of land called Cheap-
masland alias Ardnevedoge, containing by estimation half a plough-
land, now in the possession of Simon Fanning, for the yearly rent
of ten shillings, Irish, paid to the said mayor and commonalty.

And the said jurors do further say upon their oaths, that all the
said lands specified in this Inquisition, containing four and twenty
ploughlands in estimation, are situated and lying in the south part
of the said city of Limerick ; and further, the said jurors say upon their
said oaths, that said mayor and commonalty, are seised of these lands
following, situate, and lying in the north side of the said city, and
being parcel of the said forty ploughlands, viz. : — Castleblake, con-
taining by estimation one ploughland, now in the possession of
Nicholas Arthure, for the yearly rent of twenty shillings, Irish, re-
served to the said maj'or and commonalty. Item — The parcel of
land called Kilrush, containing by estimation half a ploughland

422 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

held by the yearly rent of ten shillings Irish, of the said mayor and
commonalty, and now in the tenure and possession of Nicholas
Comyn, or David Comyn, of the said city, alderman. Item — -Another
parcel of land called Farenengowen, alias Smithsland, containing in
estimation one ploughland, now in the tenure or possession of David
White, of Limerick, alderman, for the yearly rent of twenty shillings
Irish, reserved to the said mayor and commonalty. Item — One
other parcel ol land, called Clowinmackine, containing by estimation
half a ploughland, now in the possession of the said David White
for the yearly rent of ten shillings Irish, reserved to the said mayor
and commonalty. Item — Four other parcels of land, called Ardne-
gallagh, alias Knockardnegallagh, Caherdavy, Shanevolly, and
Farrencoumarry, which four parcels contain in estimation one plough-
land, and are now in the possession of James White, Thomas Comyn
and Rorie Omighan, and by them held of the said Corporation by
the yearlv rent of twenty shillings, Irish. Item — One other piece
of land, called Ballygadynan, containing in estimation one plough-
land, in ancient time held from the mayor and commonalty by John
Blunt, now in the possession of John Arthure, for the yearly rent of
twenty shillings, Irish, b}^ him paid to the said mayor and commonalty-.
Item — One other parcel of land, called Clonecunnon, alias Cahirne-
finellie, containing in estimation one ploughland, now in the tenure
and possession of David Com3m and Edmond Comyn, and by them
held of the said mayor and commonalty by the yearly rent of twenty
shillings, Ir'sh. Item — Two other parcels of land called Cownagh
and Clownedrynagh, containing by estimation one ploughland, now
in the possession of David Comyn, Richard White, and Teige M'Shane,
and held of the said mayor and commonalty by the yearly rent of
twenty shillings, Irish. Item — The parcels of land called Bally Inaghten
More Moylish, and Bally Inaghtan Begg, which parcels contain in
estimation one ploughland, and are now in the possession of William
Strich, alderman ; John Arthure and James White, merchants ; and
held of the said mayor and commonalt}' by the yearly rent of twenty
shillings, Irish. And the said jurors do further say upon their said
oaths that the land called the Prior's land, lying in the north part
of the Bridge of Thomond, containing by estimation fifteen acres,
or thereabouts, and the parcel of land called Ffarreny Killy, con-
taining by estimation seven acres, are together estimated for one
half ploughland, and parcel of the said forty ploughlands, which
Prior's land is part of the former six ploughlands belonging to the
said St. Marv's House, granted by the King's Majesty to the said
Edmond Sexton, and now in possession of the said Edmond Sexton,
yielding no rent to the said mayor and commonalty ; and the afore-
said seven acres of Ffarrenj-killy is the glebe land of the Rectory or
Vicarage of Killely, and now in the possession of the parson or vicar
of Killeh' aforesaid, paying no rent to the said mayor and commonalty ;
and the said jurors do also say upon their said oaths that the yearly
rent of the burgage within the said city of Limerick is, and always
hath been since the first beginning thereof, but twenty marks, Irish,
and so annually paid, and from time to time levied of the burgesses
or citizens of Limerick aforesaid, and that two mills called the King's
INIills, under one roof in the west part of the city walls, betwixt the
said city weir and the rock called Corrogower, upon the river of the
Shannon, near to the King's Castle of Limerick aforesaid, were some-
times held by the said maj-or and commonalt}-, whether by lease
or otherwise the said Jurors do not know, and that the said mill is
the mill for which the sum of /20 Irish, parcel of the sum of Ixxiii i'

APPENDICES. 423

six shillings and eight pence, Irish, was accounted for in the Exchequer
and that the said mills came to the hands of the late Queen Elizabeth,
who leased the same to one Richard Strich, late of Limerick, which
mill is now in the possession and occupation of William Strich,
alderman, by force of the said lease.

.\nd the said jurors do further say upon their said oaths that the
lands undernamed are reputed to be the eight ploughlands, parcel
of the said forty ploughlands, wdiich eight ploughlands Richard De
Clare did hold of the Kings of England as feoffee of the said mayor
and commonalty, or otherwise, viz., one parcel of land, called Knock-
inishin, containing one ploughland, now in the possession of the now
Earl of Thomond, one ploughland in Ballycanan, one ploughland in
Capaghtiemore, which two ploughlands are also in the possession of
the said Earl of Thomond, one parcel of land called Glanenegrosse,
containing one ploughland, now- in the possession of Teige M'Donogh
O'Brien, of Glanenegrosse aforesaid, one ploughland in Frybeigh, in
the possession of Thomas iNI'Namara ; Owen M'Mahowne and others,
half a ploughland in Crattellaghmoell, now in the possession of
Donnell M'Namara ffoyne, half a ploughland in Crattelaghkeill, now
in the possession of Cowarra M'Lydda and James Rochfort ; half a
ploughland in Castledonnell, alias Crattellaghmore ; half a plough-
land in Querenboy, which two last-mentioned half ploughlands are
now in the possession of the heir of Edward White ; and that the
aforesaid lands so deemed to be the eight ploughlands, parcel of the
said forty ploughlands, and held by the said Richard De Clare, do
lie so near unto the said city, and answer no rent unto the said mayor
and commonalty, are by tradition and hearsay from ancient men
affirmed to be within the old and ancient liberties and bounds first
limited to the said city, in the north-west side of the said city.

In witness whereof, as well the said commissioners as also the
said jurors have put their seals to the one part of this inquisition
remaining with the said commissioners ; and the said commissioners
have put their hands and seals to the other part of the said inquisition
remaining with the said jurors, the day and year above said.

Fr. Aungier. Jo. Davys.

Exr. per me, Jacob Newman, Cler. in Officio Magri Rottulor,
delibat in Ca~rP (domniic) Roch. Gen. xxv'o November, 16 16.

D.

A BULL IN REFERENCE TO THE DISPUTE BETWEEN PETER
CREAGH, BISHOP OF LIMERICK, AND THE FRANCISCANS.
{Anno Christi, 1176— Gregoru XL Anno 6.)

CIV.
Ut examinet objecta Episcopo Limiricensi.
Venerabili Fratri Archiepiscopo Cantuarie.v.

Exhibita nobis pro parte Vener. Fratris nostri Philippi .\rchie-
piscopi Cassellen. petitio Continebat, quod eb antiquo tempore citra,
Archiepiscopus Cassellen, qui est pro tempore, etiam per litteras
Apostolicas fuit, et hodie est dictus Philippus Conservator privilegiorum,
Fratribus Ordinis Minorum in HiberniaaSede Apostolica concessorum^
specialiter deputatus ; quodque dudum ci\m dilecti filii Guardianug

424 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

et Fratres dicte Ordinis Limiricen. per Vener. Fratrem nostrum Petrum
Episcopum Limiricen. etiam contra privilegia eisdem a Sede praedicta
concessa, multipliciter gravarentur, et persequarentur, ac damnificaren-
tur ; dicti Guardianus et Fratres ad praefatum Cassellen. Archiepiscopum,
tanquam eorum Conservatorem accesserunt, lamentabiliter conquerentes
de maximis grava minibus, et damnis per ipsum Episcopum illatis, et
que inferebantur tota die, ipsumque Archiepiscopum humiliter re-
quisiverunt, ut supri praemissis de opportune eis remedio provideret ;
dictusque Archiepiscopus volens officium hujusmodi conservationis
adimpleri, et nolens dictis conquerentibus in justitia deficere, ad
praefatum Episcopum Limiricen. personalitor accessit, ipsumque ut
compareret, querelis dictorum conquerentium responsurus, certis loco
et tempore citavit, qui quidem Episcopus animo rebellionis assumpto,
illico in dictum Archiepiscopum Cassellen. Conservatorem. etiam suum
Metropolitanum, manus injicit temere violentas, ac citationem, quam
idem Archiepiscopus in suis manibus tenebat ; violenter rapuit in
tantum quod sanguis a manibus ipsius Archiepiscopi emanavit, verba-
que injurisosa, tanquam homo extra mentem, in ipsum Archiepiscopum
protulit; dicendo inter alia, quod recederet de loco, alioquin sibi, et
suis omnibus male esse deberet. dictusque Archiepiscopus timens multitu-
dinem malorum, cum armis eidem Episcopo assistentium et considerans
Episcopi furoram, statim de dicto locorecessit, ne ipse etfamiliares sui
ibidem male tractarentur ; quodque postmodum eum dictus Archiepisco-
pus sedens pro tribunali, ipsum Episcopum certis loco et tempore coram
es tanquam Conservatore hujusmodi Fratrum dicti Ordinis citari fecisset
dictus Episcopus comparere per se, vel per procuratorem recusavit;
et quod deterius eisdem Religiosis post hujusmodi citationem, quam
plura gravamina intulit ; ac omnes de dioecesi sua Limiricen. in ecclesia
dictorum, Fratrum, ad divina accedentes, aut se ibidem sepeliri facientes,
ut dicebat, excommunicavit. Prasterea idem Episcopus cum per plura
tempora propter debita Camera Apostolicae excommunicatus fuisset,
huiusmodiexcommunicationem scienter sustinuit, et ut priusdivinis, in
sepulturis nobilium publice celebrando, se immiscuit, irregularitateni
incurrendo : ipseque Episcopus de praemissis reprehensus, non curavit
aliquem habere superiorem, sed sibi sufficiebat, quod 'inter suos natives
viveret in deliciis. Et insuper cum idem Episcopus contra fidem
Catholicam, et determinationem Ecclesiae in haeresim notorie incidisset ;
dictusque Archiepiscopus ex eo quod est Metropolitanus, et idem
Episcopus sibi de jure est subjectus, nolens etiam quod plures per
hujusmodi hoeresim infecerentur, ad dictum Episcopum zelo fidei
personaliter accessit ; ipsumque ut certa die, coram eo in praefata
Limiricen. dioecesi compareret, ad certum locum citavit, super praemissis
responsurus. Qui quidem Episcopus, quasi homo extra mentem
indignatus, cum suis in hac parte complicibus, et praesertim cum
Clericis suis, et cruce, quam ante se deferri faciebat, aufugisset, pro-
cul dubio verberasset. Insuper quoque idem Episcopus post ipsuis
Archiepiscopi recessum, Pontificalibus indutus unacum suis com-
plicibus civitatem Limiricen. intrans, omnes et singulos, dicto Archie-
piscopo, et suis victualia, aut hospitium ministrantes, publice in medio
civitatis, candelis extinctis excommunicavit. Cumque idem Archie-
piscopus die quadam solemni, in pra;fata civitate Limiricen. prout
alibi cop.sueverat ad praedicandum verbum Dei ex devotione Sedem
posiusset ; praefatus Episcopus hsec praesciens, per dictam civitatem
Limiricen. praeconizari fecit, ne aliquis sub poena excommunicationis
ad sermonem dicti Archiepiscopi accederet ; et si qui ibidem accederent,
illos noninatim excommunicaret ; ipsoque Archiepiscopo recedente,
dictus Episcopus rebellis et tyrannus, suos ad publicam verecundiam

APPENDICES. 425

eidem Archiepiscopo inferendam misit satellites ; qui quidem satellites
ad mandatum dicti Episcopi, in ipsum Archiepiscopum per medium
dictse civitatis equitantem, inanus injecerunt temere violentas, et
fraenum de capite equi repuerunt. Ad hoc prsfatus Episcopus Limiricen.
cum praedictis suis complicibus dictum Archiepiscopum Cassellen. in
exercitio su^ jurisdictionis Metropolitica?, ac in officio visitationis
exercendo impedise mutipliciter non expavit. Quare pro parte dicte
Archiepiscopi nobis fuit humiliter supplicatum, ut omnes et singulas
causas, tarn civiles, quam criminales, quas praefatus Archiepiscopus
contra prsfatum Episcopum Limiricen. ac ejus complices praedictos,
de et super sacrilegiis, contemptibus, invasionibus, injuriis et aliis
omnibus supradictis movere intendit, alicui committere de benig-
nitate Apostolica dignaremur. Nos itaque, etc., inclinati, fraternitati
tuae, per, etc., mandemi»s, quatenus si de hujusmodi manuum injectione
in dictum Archiepiscopum tibi constiterit, praedictum Episcopum, et
alios sacrileges, tamdiu, appellatione remota, excommunicates publice
nunties, et facias ab aliis nuntiari, et ab omnibus arctius evitari ;
donee praefato Archiepiscopo congrue satisfuerint, et cum tuarum
testimonio litterarum ad Sedem praefatam venerint absolvendi : super
aliis vero, vocatis, qui fuerint evocandi, et auditis hinc inde propositio
quod justum fuerit, appellatione remota decernas, faciens, quod
decreveris auctoritate nostra firmiter observari. Caeterum si forsan
Episcopi, et ejus complicum praedictorum praesentia pro citationibus
de ipsis faciendis secure vel commode haberi nequiret, tibi citationes
quaslibet per edicta publica in locis circumvicinis affigenda publicis,
de quibus verisimilis sit conjectura, quod ad notitiam citatorum
hujusmodi pervenire valeat faciendi, plenam concedimus tenore
praesentium potestatem ; et volumus quod perinde ipsos citatos
arctent, ac si eis facto et insinuatas praesentealiter, et personaliter
€xtitissent, non obstan. tam til. rec Bonifacii Papae VIII. praede-
cesoris nostri, in in quibus cavetur ne quis extra suam civitatem et
dicecesim, nisi in certis exceptis casibus, et in illis ultra unam diaetam
a fine suae dioecesis ad judicum evocetur : seu judices a Sede deputati
praedicta, aliquos ultra unam diaetam a fine dioecesis eorum trahere
praesumat ; ac de' duabus diaetis in concilio general], quam aliis qui-
bus cunque constitutionibus, a pra?decessoribus nostris Romanis
Pontilicibus, tam de judicibus delegatis, quam personis ultra certum
numerum ad judicium non trahendis ; aut aliis editis, quae tuae possent
m hac parte jurisdictioni aut potestati, ejusque libero exercitio quo-
modolibet obviare : seu si aliquibus, etc., quod interdici, etc., de
indulto hujusmodi mentionem. Datum Avinione, 13 Calend. Septembr.
anno sexto.

E.

CHARTER OF HENRY VI TO THE CITY OF LIMERICK a.d. 1423.
Amongst the Records in the Tower of London.

The King to all to whom, and soforth, greeting. We have in-
■spected our Letters Patent, made in these words : Henry, by the grace
of God, King of England and France, and Lord of Ireland, to all to
whom our present letters shall come, greeting. It appears to us,
by inspection of the Rolls of Chancery of the Lord Henry, late King
of England, our father, that our said father caused his charter of
confirmation to be made in these words : —

Henry, by the grace of God King of England and France, and

426 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Lord of Ireland, to the Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots, Priors, Dukes,.
Earls, Barons, Justices, Sheriffs, Provosts, Ministers, and all Bailifis
and faithful subjects there. We have inspected the Letters Patent
of the Lord Henry, late King of England, our father, made in these
words : —

Henry, by the grace of God, King of England and France, and
Lord of Ireland, to all to whom our present letters shall come, greeting.
We have inspected the charter of the Lord Edward, formerly King
of England, our progenitor, under his great seal, which was used in
Ireland, in these words : —

Edward, by the grace of God King of England, Lord of Ireland,
and Duke of Acquitaine, to all whom our present letters shall come,
greeting. Know ye that we have inspected our Charter, which we
made to our citizens of Limerick, in these words : —

Edward, by the grace of God, King of England, Lord of Ireland,
and Duke of Acquitaine, to the Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots, Priors,
Earls, Barons, Justices, Sheriffs, Provosts, Ministers, and all Bailifis
and faithful subjects in Ireland, greeting.

Whereas, Lord John, our grandfather, while he was Lord of
Ireland, and Earl of Moreton, before he received the reins of the
kingdom of England, by his charter had granted to the citizens of
Limerick all the liberties and free customs which the citizens of
Dublin everywhere used through whatsoever charters of the Kings
of England and Lords of Ireland ; and the said citizens of Limerick,
although these liberties and customs are not expressed in the
charter aforesaid, nevertheless have always hitherto used these
liberties and free customs from the time of the execution of the
same, as by a certain inquisition thereof made pursuant to our writ by
Geffry de Geynville, lately our Justiciary of Ireland, evidently appears.
We having inspected the transcripts of the charters of the liberties of
the aforesaid citizens of Dublin, sent to us for the purpose, according
to our precept, by our beloved and faithful William de Vesey, our
Justiciary of Ireland, at the requisition of our citizens of Limerick,
and for the amelioration of the said city, in order that all ambiguity
may be taken away from those things which affect the liberties and
free customs of the aforesaid citizens of Limerick, have granted,
and by this our charter have confirmed, the liberities and free customs
expressed in the aforesaid charters of Dublin, specified in form follow-
ing : — to wit, that no citizen of Limerick shall plead without the walls
of the said city to any plea except pleas of exterior tenements, which
do not appertain to the Hundred of the aforesaid city.

And that they may be quieted of murder within the bounds of
the said city ; and that no citizen engage in duel in the same city on
any appeal which any one may make against him, but shall clear him-
self by the oaths of forty men of the said city who are legal ; and that
nobody shall take a hostel within the walls by the assize or livery
of the marshals against the will of the aforesaid citizens ; and that the
citizens be free from toll, lastage, passage, and pondage, and from
all other customs throughout all our land and dominions.

And that none of the said citizens be sentenced to an amerce-
ment of money except according to the law of the aforesaid Hundred,
to wit, by the forefeiture of forty shillings, whereof he who has fallen
into amercement shall be acquitted of the half, and shall give the
other half in amercement, except in three amercements, to wit, of the
assize of bread and beer broken, and of watches, which amercements
are of two shillings and six pence, whereof one-half shall be remitted

APPENDICES. 427

rendered in amercement ; and that the Hundred be held once only
in the week in said city.

And that in no plea can any one plead by miskenyingham. And
that they may rightfully have their lands and tenures, and securities,
and debts, throughout 'all our land and dominions, whosoever may
owe them ; and that they may distrain their debtors by distress in
Limerick ; and that right be done them concerning the lands and
tenures which are within the said city, according to the custom of the
said city ; and that pleas be held there concerning the debts which
are accommodated, and the bails which are given in the said city,
according to the custom of the said city.

Saving to us and our heirs the pleas appertaining to our crown ;
and if any one shall levy toll of the men of the aforesaid city any-
where in our land or dominions, and shall not restore it after he shall
have been required so to do, the Provost of the said city shall take it
in distress at Limerick, and shall distrain him to restore it.

And that no strange merchant shall buy grain, hides, or wool,
within the said city, from a stranger, but only from the citizens of
the said city.

And that no stranger shall have a wine-tavern in said city,
except in a ship, this liberty being reserved to us, however, that out
of every ship which shall happen to go thither with wine, our bailiff
shall select two casks of wine for our own use, whichsoever they please
in the ship, to wit, one before the mast and one behind the mast,
for forty shillings, to wit, one for twenty shillings, and the other for
twenty shillings, and he shall take nothing more, unless by the consent
of the merchant.

And that uo stranger shall sell cloth by retail in said city, nor
remain in the said city with his merchandize for sale there, unless for
forty days, and that no citizen of Limerick shall be distrained in
our land or dominions for any debt, unless he be a debtor or security,
and that they may marry themselves and their sons and daughters,
and the widows of the sa'id city, without license of their lords.

And that none of their lords shall have the custody or disposal
of their sons or daughters, or widows, on account of their external
lands of the aforesaid citizens, but only the custody of their external
tenements, which are of their fee, until they shall be of age ; and
that they may have all their reasonable guilds, as the burgesses of
Bristol have, or are best accustomed to have ; and that no citizen
of the said city shall be compelled to replevy any one unless he
wishes it himself, although he be dwelling on his own land.

And that neither the Templars nor the Hospitallers shall have
any man or messuage free from the common customs of the said
city, within the said liberty of the said city, except one only. More-
over we have granted to the said citizens that they may elect annually
from among themselves one discreet and suitable Mayor, who shall
be faithful to us, and useful for the government of the said city, so
that, when the said Mayor shall have been elected, he shall be pre-
sented to us or to our Justiciary of Ireland, if we be not present there,
and shall swear allegiance to us.

And that it mav be lawful for the same citizens to remove the
said Mayor at the end of the year, and to elect him, or another, and
to present him in form aforesaid, and that the said citizens may have
all the tenures pertaining to the said city at their disposal, according
to their pleasure, by the common consent of the citizens aforesaid,
as in messuages, shrubberies, buildings on the water, and elsewhere,
wheresoever they may be within the liberty of the said city, to be
held in free burgage,' to wit, by landgable service.

428 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

And that each of them may suit himself in making buildings where-
soever he will on the bank in said city, without the injury of the said
citizens of the said city, and that the said citizens may have and
possess all the void land and places in the aforesaid liberty, to be
built upon at their pleasure, and for the advantage of the said
city.

Furthermore, we have granted to the said citizens of Limerick
that they may have one fair annually at Limerick, to continue for
fifteen days, to wit, on the eve, day, and morrow of St. James the
Apostle, and for the twelve subsequent da3's, unless the said fair
be to the injury of neighbouring fairs.

Wherefore we will and firmly enjoin, for us and our heirs, that
the aforesaid citizens of Limerick and their successors, citizens of
the said city, may have all the aforesaid liberties and free customs
aforesaid for ever ; and that they may choose from among them-
selves one Mayor annually, and that they may have all their tenures
within the walls of the said city, to be holden in free burgage, to wit,
by landgable service, and that each of them may suit himself in
erecting buildings wheresoever he pleases on the bank of the said city ;
and that they ma^^ have and possess all the void land and places
in the aforesiad liberty at their will, and for the advantage of the
said city to be built upon.

Saving to us and our heirs our pleas pertaining to our crown.
And that they may have the aforesaid fair at Limerick annually,
to contiiiue for fifteen days, to wit, one the eve, day, and morrow of
St. James the Apostle, and for twelve subsequent days, with all the
liberties and free customs pertaining to such kind of fair, unless said
fair be to the injury of the neighbouring fairs, as is aforesaid, and we
forbid any one to vex or disturb them in anywise on this account,
on pain of our forfeiture.

Witnesses : the Venerable father R. Bishop of Bath and Wells,
and W. Bishop of Ely ; Edmund our brother ; William Valencia our
uncle ; G. de Clare, Earl of Gloucester and Hertfort ; Henry de Lacy,
Earl of Lincoln ; William de Bello Campo, Earl of Warwick ; Robert
Typelot ; Walter de Bello Campo, Peter de Campania, Robert Mallet,
and others. Given under our hand at Westminster, the fourth day
of February, in the twentieth year of our reign.

In testimony whereof we have caused these our letters to be
made patent. Witness, John Wogan, our Justiciary of Ireland, at
Dublin, on the sixth day of May, in the thirty-first year of our reign.

We, however, deeming the aforesaid gifts and grants ratified
and acceptable for us and our heirs, as far as in us is, accept and a
approve of them, and of our special grace we grant and confirm to
our beloved, the present citizens of the aforesaid city, and their heirs
and successors, citizens of said city, as the aforesaid charter reasonable
testifies, and as the said citizens and their ancestors and predecessors,
citizens of the said city, have had and holden the aforesaid lands
and places hitherto, and have reasonably used and enjoyed the
liberties and requittances aforesaid, and every of them, from the
time of the execution of the charter aforesaid.

In testimony whereof we have caused these our letters to be made
patent. Witness myself at Westminster, the twenty-six day of
June, in the first year of our reign.

I3ut we, deeming the aforesaid gifts, grants, and confirmations,
ratified and acceptable for us and our heirs, as far as in us is, accept
and approve of them, and of our special grace grant and confirm
them to our beloved the present citizens of the aforesaid city, and to

APPENDICES. 429

their heirs and successors, citizens of ths said city, as the aforesaid
Charter and Letters reasonably testify.

Furthermore, wiUing to grant greater favour to the said citizens
in this behalf, we have granted, for us and our heirs, as far as in us
is, to the said citizens, that alhough they or their predecessors have
not hitherto fully used up anv or more of the liberties and allowances
contained in the aforesaid charter and letters on any urgent occasion,
nevertheless, the said citizens, and their heirs and successors, citizens
of said city, mav hereafter fully enjoy and use the liberties and
allowances aforesaid, and every of them, without interruption or
impeachment of us of our heirs, justices, escheators, sheriffs, or other,
the bailiffs or ministers of us or of our heirs whomseover.

And further, of our more abundant grace, and in consideration
of the great labours and expenses which the aforesaid Mayor and
community have long sustained, and are still likely to sustain, in
resisting the Irish enemies, and in repairing and mending the walls
of the aforesaid city, for fortification against the aforesaid enemies,
we have granted, for us and our heirs, to the aforesaid Mayor and
community of the said city, and their heirs and successors for ever,
the articles and liberties underwritten, to wit, that they may assemble
in a certain place within the aforesiad city at pleasure, and establish
and ordain ordinances and statutes for the advantage of the said city.
And that they may elect a Mayor and two Bailiffs for the govern-
ment of the said city, to continue for one year, and so from year to
year for ever ; and that the said Mayor thus elected shall receive
and take his oath of fealty before the Mayor who was next before him ;
or otherwise, in failure of him, whether occurring by death or other
impediment, before the citizens of the city aforesaid.

And that the Bailiffs shall take their oaths before the Mayor
for the time being, so that any of them may not go without the said
city to take such oath ; and that the said Mayor and BaiUffs for the
time being may have cognizance of all kinds of pleas, real and personal
assize of new disseisin, death of an ancestor, and all pleas of lands,
rents and tenements within the said city and suburbs thereof, and of all
contracts, plaints, and transgressions whatever ; to arrest and attach
every person whomsover, by his body or by his goods and chattels,
within the said city, for contracts, transgressions, and plamts com-
menced and perpertrated within the said city, mearings, bounds,
limits, precincts of the franchise, and to imprison and punish them
according to law, when necessary, and to permit them to go at large
out of prison. , „ ,

And that the Mayor for the time being shall be escheator,
coroner, and inquisitor there, and that they may have all the profits
of all pleas accruing within the said city ; and also that none of our
justices, escheators,searchers,coroners,clerks of the market, nor any other
of the ministers of us or our heirs, justices of the peace, labourers or
artificers, shall enter or introduce himself on account of any acts done
within the aforesaid city, except on account of felonies which must be
decided by commission, to be sped to a certain person, and to the
Mayor there for the time being ; and that the said Mayor for the
time being, and his successors, for ever, may have full power and
jurisdiction within the aforesaid city, and the limits and precincts
thereof, to inquire into, hear, and determine all kinds of articles,
plaints' and defects which pertain to the said offices of escheator,
coroner, searcher, and justice of the peace, and of labourers and
artificers, according to the uses and customs which have been hereto-
fore in Ireland, and according to what common right exacts and requires.

430 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

And that the said Mayor and community of the said city and
their successors for ever may have all manner of fines, amercements,
and issues, to a justice of peace pertaining, and all manner of other
forfeitures, chattels of fugitives and felons, escapes of felons, waifs
and strays, amercements, forfeitures of victuals, bread, beer, and
other victuals, and tolls, and also the customs called " coket," within
the said city lawfully be to levied ; and that they may collect and
receive all the premises by their proper officers to their own use, as
well by land as by water, and the profits of a certain fishery which
is called " Lex Were," with its appurtenances, to the said mayor
and community, and their successors for ever.

And that no one of the said city shall implead another, or be
impleaded by another before us, or before any of our justices, on
account of land, tenement, rent, or service, or of any other thing
issuing from within the said city, by land or by water, but every
one shall be bound to prosecute before the mayor and bailiffs within
the said city ; and that no lieutenant, justiciary, or other minister of
ns or our heirs in our land of Ireland, shall seize, or presume in any
manner to seize, the franchises and liberties aforesaid into the hands
of us or our heirs, without the special mandate of us or our heirs,
under our Great Seal of England ; and that no one of the same city
shall, by himself or another, forestall any merchandize or victuals
by which we may lose our custom, and this on pain of forfeiting his
franchise.

And that they may hold their market as they have been ac-
customed from of old to hold it ; and also that no one who is an
Irishman by blood and nation (the term " Irishman " being under-
stood and taken as it is accustomed to be taken and understood in
our land of Ireland) shall be mayor, or exercise any office within the
aforesaid city ; nor shall any one within the aforesaid city take or
maintain any man or child of the Irish blood and nation as is aforesaid
as an apprentice, under penalty of forfeiting his franchise in the
aforesaid city.

And that no lieutenant, or other deputy or minister of us whom-
soever, within our said land of Ireland, shall make or compel any
person of the same city to work in any service without the said city,
but that they shall dwell there under the safe custody of our city
aforesaid. These being witnesses : the Ven. Fathers Hr. Windton,
our uncle ; our most dear Chancellor, Thomas Bishop of Durham,
and H. Bishop of St. David ; our most dear brother, Thomas Duke
of Clarence ; our most dear cousin, Edward Duke of York ; Thomas
Arundel, Richard Wair ; our most dear cousins, Earls Henry Fitzhugh ;
our Chamberlain, Thomas Erpingham, Seneschal of our Household
Knights ; Master John Prophete, Keeper of our Privy Seal, and
others. Given under our hand at Westminster on the twentieth
day of January, in the first year of our reign.

.''J But we have thought fit to cause the tenor of the enrolment
of the aforesaid Charter, at the request of the present citizens of
Limerick, to be exemplified. In testimony whereof we have caused
these our letters to be made patent. Witness myself at Westminster
on|the twenty-seventh day of November, in the second year of our
reign.

|.^., ^But we, with the advice and assent of the Lords spiritual and
temporal, in our Parliament held at Westminster in the first year
of our reign above, ratify and conform the aforesaid Letters con-
cerning such franchises, liberties, and allowances which are not at
alKrevoked, as the letters aforesaid reasonably testify, and as the

APPENDICES. 431

said citizens ought to use them, and as their ancestors, citizens of the
«aid citv of Limerick, have always hitherto been accustomed rationally
to use and enjoy those franchises, liberties, and allowances, from the
time of the execution of the charters and letters aforesaid.

Witness the King, at Westminster, the twelfth day of December.

By Writ of Privy Seal.

F.

PROVINCIAL SYNOD OF CASHEL. HELD IN LIMERICK, 1453.

(See Wilkiiis' Councils, Vol. iii., p. 565 et seq.)

Papae Rom. Archiep. Cant. Anno Christi Regf. Ang^liae

Nicolai V. 7. John Kempe 2. 1453. Henric VI. 32.

Concilium Provinciale Cashellense Limerici celebratum in quo
sequentia statuta ordinata sunt. Ex Ms. penes Joh. Episcopuui
Clogherensem.

Ad honorem Dei Patris Omnipotentis, Filii, et Spiritus Sancti, nec-
non pro ampliore conservatione libertatis ordinat Sancta Synodus in
sacro provinciali concilio, Limerici celebrato die Lunae proximo post
festuni, quod dicitur Ad vincula. Anno Dominie, 1453.

1. Quod ordinarii locorum singulis annis diligenter attendant, et
inquiri faciant, qualiter in suis dioecesibus divina officia celebrantur,
diesque Dominici, et aliae festivitates venerabiliter observantur.

2. Statutum est, quod ministri ecclesiarum omnibus diebus Domi-
nicis, et aliis festivitatibus horas canonicas in suis ecclesiis ordinate
dicant, et aliis diebus quomodo valeant, et tamen praemissa trina
campanarum pulsatione saltem in diebus testis missas et alia divina
otficia celebrenter, etiam ter in qualibet hebdomada, excommunicatis
er interdictis exclusis, sub poena xl. den. ab exorcista et curatis toties,
quoties neglegentibus, episcopo visitanti, aut ejus ofhciali solvendorum ;
quibus diebus Dominicis, et festis per ecclesiam publicatis cessent
omnes populi christiani, clerici et laici, ab omni opere civili, et ad
officia divma audienda conveniant, sub poena excommunicationis per
praelatos ecclesiarum ferendae.

3. Statutum est, et perpetuo ordinatum, quod parochiani quarum-
cunque ecclesiarum parochialium in eorum ecclesiis ad celebrationum
divinorum ofiiciorum et sacramentorum ministrationem suis expensis
habeant missale, et calicem argenti, aut deauratum, amictum, albam
cingulum, manipulum, stolam, casulam, superpellicium, baptisterium
lapideum decenter constructum, seratum, aut bene co-opertum, hones-
tum vas oleum in se continens in sacrum chrisma in usum infirmorum ;
et sanctam ecclesiam in navi, et cancella, juxta facultates popularium
in tecto parietibus decenter habeant constructam et mundam, tam
intra, quam extra teneant ab omnibus rebus, bladis, et animalibus
secularium laicorum. Et nulli omnino hominum, etisiamsi conjuges
sint, cum eorum uxoribus aut concubinis ibidem jacere uno lecto aut
cohabitare praesumant, sub poena mortalis peccati, et excommunica-
tionis ferendae sententiae, ut praefertur, contra delinquestes.

4. Quod in singulis ecclesiis ad minus habeantur tres imagines,
sanctae beatae Mariae virginis, sanctae crucis, et patroni loci, in cujus
honerem ecclesia dedicatur ; necnon et vas honestum consecratum
pro corpore Christi.

432 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

5. Quod coemeterium sit mundum et muratum in expensis popu-
larium.

6. Quod excommunicati publice denuncientur omnibus Dominici
et festis diebus per singulos curatos in eorum ecclesiis, omnes incestuosi
et clandestina matrimonia contrahentes, et illis interessentes, haeredes
legitimes exhaeredantes, falsos limites assignantes, usurarii, et usurae
convicti, falsam monetam facientes, et veram monetam scindentes
et radentes, ecclesias, coemeteria, ac personas ecclesiasticas suis rebus
spoliantes, vel percutientes, viam regiam insultantes, fures, latrones,
congregatorum depopulatores, viarum derobatores, pacis violatores,
et alii omnes et singuli, quos sacrosancta sedes apostolica excommu-
nicari praecipit, atque mandat, cum eorum fautoribus.

7. Declarat et statuendo ordinat idem concilium pro confirmatione
Ubertatis ecclesiae, quod nuUi domini temporales, aut eorum equestres,
pedestres, tributarii, vel aliae temporales personae ad maneria episco-
porum sive grangias, aut clericorum habitacula, loca, et hospitia
venientes, ultra unum diem aut noctem refectionem exigant, aut
recipiant ; et hoc requisito et obtento, episcoporum consensu, aut
aliorum praelatorum praesedentium voluntate interveniente, ita tamen
quod hujusmodi nocte diei Dominicae aut praecedente Sabbati nuUo
modo recipiant, nee exposcant, ubi personae ecclesiasticae servitio
divino et missarum solemnitatibus quiete vacare debent, expulsa-
tionem temporalium vexatione, nee amplius a tempore publicationis
praesentis statuti, dierum aut noctium exigantur a personis ecclesias-
ticis ; contrarium vero facientes per totam provinciam excommunicati
denuncientur nominatim et expresse in singulis ecclesiis per curatos
ecclesiarum, quibus sacrum concilium ad haec omnia auctoritatem
tribuit et majoris excommunicationis sententiam ipso facto incurrant
et episcoporum dominium ac loca alia, ad quae declinaverint, cum sua
familia ecclesiastico maneant interdicto mnodati, auctoritate prae-
sentis sacri concilii; quorum omnium absolutio ordinariis locorum
duntaxat reservetur, cum interdicti relaxatione.

8. Declarat concilium, quod omnia emolumenta, provenientia ex
novis capellis per laicos, vel alios infra parochiam aliquam noviter
constructis, omnia cedant ecclesiis parochialibus, infra quarum limites
constructae sunt.

9. Statuit et declarat praesens concilium, quod omnes ecclesiastic!
et praelati eorumque tenentes, et familiares in terris ecclesiasticis ac
maneriis episcoporum degentes, omnino sint immunes, et liberi ab
omni exactione temporali, et seculari distributione conngureus et
bonnguoog,! — et similia sub poena majoris excommunicationis et
interdicti.

10. Statuit praesens concilium et ordinavit, quod nulla persona
secularis vel temporalis pro quacunque causa, actione, vel injuria
pignara clericorum in rebus aut personis capere praesumant, aut bona
familiaria et tenentium ecclesiae, ubicunque reperta, distringere, nisi
prius causa ipsa coram competent! judice terminata fuerit, et discussa.
Contrarium facientes auctoritate concilii actionem suam perdant, et
majoris excommunicationis sententiam ipso facto incurrant, et dominus
capientis sic pignora post monitionem negligens restituere, cum suo
dominio et familia maneant interdicti.

11. Declarat concilium, quod nullus clericus pro criminal!, civili
aut alia quavis causa coram seculari arbitro vel judice a quocunqe
valeat conveniri, nee sententia talis arbitri aut judicis secularis contra
clericum lata valeat ipso jure, cum sit lata contra libertatem sanctae

1 Ita MS. legit.

APPENDICES. 433

matris ecclesiae ; et reprobat concilium^arbitros, et eorum sententias
contra clericos, 'maxime dum dicunt eos contentari debere duobus
servientibus, quodque residere debent infra eorum coemeteria, quae
sententia erronea est, propter quod ipsi seculares judices ipso facto
incurrant excommunicationem, quousque eorum sententias hujusmodi
erroneas et iniquas, ac prosus nuUas revocent, et damna exinde passis
congrue satisfecerint.

12. Statuit sacrum concilium, quod nuUi quaestores amplius in
provhicia Cashellensi admittantur .exceptis B. Patricii nunciis et
quaestoribus, nisi secuni deferant literas episcoporum, de anno in
annum reformandas ; et praelati sen curati ecclesiarum aliter admit-
tentes, contra formam hujusmodi statuti, toties, quoties ad unam
marcam maneant obligati, ordinariis locorum applicandam.

13. Statuit et ordinavit hoc sacrum concilium, quod nulli Mendi-
cantes admittantur ad quaestum in festis, quibus ecclesia oblationes
percipit, donee personis ecclesiasticis satisfactum fuerit, sub poena
excomm'unicationis, quam ipsi Mendicantes hoc statutum violantes,
et curati illos admittentes, auctoritate hujus concilu incurrant, et sub
poena eadem extra suam limitationem ad quaestum non accedant
nisi sufhcienter privilegiati. ,, j. , ,

14. Declarat concilium, quod omnes fratres Mendicantes debent
solvere quartam partem omnium bonorum ex testimento defuncti, aut
ratione funeris eis relictorum, ubicunque et quacunque causa, et unde-
cunque eis evenientium, etiam ratione quaestus, aut tempore sepul-
turae aut funeris, nee candelas fratribus ante divisionem, nee oblationes
persolvent, donee praedicta quarta pars ex integro ecclesiae fuerit
persoluta. Hanc declarationem non observantes majoris excommuni-
cationis sententiam, ex auctoritate praesentis conciUi, ipso facto

incurrant. . . , n ■ ^■

15. Statuit hoc sacrum concilium, quod omnes beneficiati, maxime
constituti in saeris, et ahis dignitatibus praediti, in eorum cathedralibus
ecclesiis et aliis principalibus more sacerdotali resideant, horas canon-
icas dicant, et missas celebrent in ipsorum proprus personis, tribus
vicibus in hebdomada, sub poena privationis beneficiorum et dignita-
tum suarum ; ipsorumque beneticiorum fructus, qui hoc statutum
violaverint ad fabricam ecclesiarum hujusmodi sequestrentur, quous-
que sententia privationis ejusdem lata fuerit, et quamdiu in suspenso
permanserit ; fructus ad ecclesiarum fabricam debentur.

16 Statuit, quod ubicunque ecclesiae aut capellae aliquibus locis
unitae et appropnatae habentur, et ex hoc, prout in diversis locis
expenentia edocet, penitus desolatae et destructae fuermt, ordinaru
locorum quibus ipsa beneficia subjiciuntur, fructus ipsarum ecclesiarum
possunt ad necessariam reparationem ecclesiarum deputare, in eorum
ne'^li^entiaepoenam, quorum sunt fructus; hujusmodi contradictores,
cums^'cunque ordmis autreligionis fuerint, ecclesiarum, beneficiorum
suorum appropriatores per censuram ecclesiasticam, et aha juris
opportuna remedia compescendi auctoritate praesentis concilu.

17 Statuit concilium, quod nullus rehgiosus, aut alii, seculares,
praelati aut domini ecclesiastici, absque expresso consensu ordinario-
rum locorum, aliquibus clericis, vel laicis, maxime juvenibus et lUitera-
tis viris sub quocunque colore terras suas ad firmam tradant, nee
ipsos lai'eos sub colore aut nomine procuratoris firmarios constituant
aut clericos in suis Uteris nominent, nee laici fructus percipiant, nee
procuratores laici juxta eorum altaria aec2dant, dum missarum solem-
nia celebrentur, nee ad divisionem obventionum ecclesiasticarum
admittantur, saitem in firmam ecclesiarum. Contrarium vero faeientes

434 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

aut contrahentes, ipso facto majoris excommunicationis sententiam
incurrant, et contractus factus, auctoritate praesentis concilii, nullus
habeatur et irritus, et laici exinde nullam habeant actionem, sed eo
ipso excommunicati sint, et ad ipsa firma perpetuo exclusi maneant,
et totum concilium exequatur contra tales et alios in forma.

1 8. Declarat concilium, quod contractus dandi frumenti modium
pro octo denar. solvend. festo sancti Martini, si certum est ipsum
modium tum temporis plus valere, talis contractus est usurarius ; et
SI lapsum fuit tempus, ad festum Philippi et Jacobi, et tunc modius
frumenti valet ad XXX. aut XL. denar. pro eo quod contractus in
sui initio fuerit usuarius, non crescit usura, supposito quod valeret XL.
denar. modius, debitor non habet unde redderet in pecunia ; sed
convenit quod modium frumenti daret pro quibus libet X. denar, in
ipsis XL. denar. existentibus etiam IV. modios solveret, et cursu tem-
poris, iste contractus est usura, et taliter exigens usuarius est censendus.
et propterea excommunicandus, quousque illicitum exinde contractum
in statum pristinum juris exposuerit, et poenitentiam agat pro com-
missis.

19. Declarat concilium praeteritas usuras fore restituendas ad
arbitnum ordinarii seu officialis sui generalis, qui in talibus habeant
arbitrare, et cum contrahentes non vitio usuram, sed ignorantia ducti,
praedictos usurarios contractus fecerint et exercuerint.

20. Statuit conciUum, quod omnes clerici ad primam tonsuram
ordinati ac privilegium in rebus et personis habere volentes, seipsos
honsete habeant, caste vivant, et maxime beneficiati, et ad sacros
ordines promoti, usuras et ludos alearum omnino evitent ; superiores
barbas non deferant, comam non nutriant, curios scindant, praedis,
et furtis, et yiolentiis abstineant, sub poena majoris excommucationis
latae sententiae ipso facto, et nihilominus privilegium in rebus amil-
tant, postquam de hoc coram ordinariis loci convicti fuerint.

21. Statuit conciUum, quod quilibet curatus, rector, et vicarius
habeat in ecclesia sua copiam istarum constitutionum et aliarum
singulis annis noviter editarum, quae quidem statuta quater in anno
teneantur suis parochianis matemali lingua exponere ; viz. diebus
Dominicis immediate proxime ante festa natalis Domini, Paschae,
Pentecoste, et sancti Michaelis Archangeli. Curati vero in hiis negli-
gentes ad unum " noble." toties, quoties, maneant obligati ordinariis,
et eorum officialibus. Ordinarii vero desuper remissi metropolitano
ipsorum mulctati sint ad XXX. sol. pro fabrica ecclesiarum suarum,
ac officiales in hoc negligentes ad XX. sol. maneant obligati.

22. Declarat concilium, quod nuUi capellani per totam provinciam
admittantur, donee literas suarum promotionum ordinariis exhebuerint,
ac praeclarae vitae et sufficientis literaturae existant.

23. Quod nullus celebret aut ministret nomine notorie fornicant.
praelatorum, aut aliorum curam animarum habentium.

24. Quod singuli promoti, et inposterum promovendi ad sacros
presbyteratus ordines, fideliter extrahant (forte deest " ordinum
copiam")! de curia episcoporum sic promoventium, et hoc omnino
sub poena majoris excommunicationis ipso facto.

25. Declarat concilium, quod ex bonis quibuscunque in mortis
articulo per maritos uxoribus suis, aut aliis, dotis nomine, seu alia via
relictis aut dotatis, portio cononicae ecclesiae parochiali debetur.

26. Declarat conciUum, omnes vicarios et capeUanos admittentes
in suis officiis extorquentes iUicita onera et exactiones a personis
ecclesiasticis, ipso facto suis beneficiis privatos, et ad interesse partis,

' What is here in parenthesis is given in a footnote in Wilkins.

APPENDICES. 435

pro cujus rebus excommunicati et denunciati habentur, nihilominus
fore obligatos.

27. Declarat concilium, quod cera, quae tempore exequiarum
defuncti inter alia funeralia offerri debet, integre ad majus altare
praesidentis devenire, ibique semper pro usu ecclesiae remanere debets.

28. Declarat concilium, consuetudinem secundum ratam temporis.
aut juris communis dispositionem, fore observandam circa decima,
animalium, quae in diversis parochiis pasturantur.

29. Declarat concilium, quod rei vendicatio personis ecclesiasticis
contra quoscunque rerum suarum detentores licita est, nee juvat bona
fides ex parte occupantium, quocunque titulo ad ipsos devenerit.

30. Declarat concilium, vestiarium esse de ecclesia, et in illo tem-
pore generalis interdicti fieri non posse sepulturam etiam per fratres-
cujuscunque ordinis.

31. Declarat concilium, commorantes in coemeteriis aut ecclesiis,
absque ordinariorum licentia petita et obtenta, nullo gaudere immuni-
tatis privilegio, sed confugientes tantummodo tempore necessitatis,
et in ipso actu necessitatis.

32. Declarat concilium, quantum ad jejunium cadens in Pascham
et Pentecosten, et praecipue in jejuniis Rogationum, praescriptam
consuetudinem fore observandam.

^^. Declarat concilium, quod verbum amplius in Uteris apostolicis
apponi solitum ad minus tempus est referendum, neque dispensationem
super mala perceptione fructuum obtentam extendi debere ad em-
ceptionem fructuum in tempore datae literarum usque provisiopre-
sequentem factam.

34. Declarat concilium, quod medici, poetae, aurifabri, et scissores,
carpentarii et hujusmodi de omnibus per eos licite acquisitis seu
lucratis decimas solvere tenentur, consuetudine contraria non obstante,
praeterquam in modo solvendi, si quem allegaverint, necessariis tantum
prius expensis deductis.

35. Mandat concilium, sub poena privationis ipso facto, m mani-
festis et peccati mortalis in occultis, quod curati ecclesiarum omnes
fures et ' latrones in suis parochiis degentes ad ordinarios locorum
absolvendos remittant ; et declarat concilium tunc esse manifestum,
quando in parochia sunt famosi fures et latrones.

36. Declarat concilium, quod fratres de tertio ordine sancti Francisci,
inter quos plerumque oritur contentio cum personis ecclesiasticis
circa funeralia eorum, qui apud eosdem fratres sepulturam eligunt,
non gaudent privilegio Clement. " Dudum " cap. " De Sepulturis,"
sed juris communis expositio observetur in hiis et in aliis ; quod que
de bonis ipsorum fratrum tertii ordinis, quoties decedunt, idem judi-
cium est habendum, et de pueris laicis quantum ad administrationem,
et alia debita ecclesiastica consequenda, salvo eorum privilegio.

37. Declarat concilium, quod quotiens in ecclesia, coemeterio, aut
mansionibus ecclesiarum furtum aut sanguinis effusio iiitervenerit,
poena hujus sanguinis et furtiomnino cedat praefatae ecclesiae, et non
temporali domino, etiamsi in subditos suos actum est per quoscunque,
et contrarium exigentes ipso facto sint excommunicati et excommuni-
center.

38. Statuit concilium Heriotam pauperum laicorum in ecclesia
dec^entium persolvi debere ordinariis locorum, et aequalem divisionem
eniolumentorum, viz., cunagii et hujusmodi faciendum inter rectorem,
et vicarium ac dominum temporalem ratione pasturae animalium
pauperum inibi degentium.

39. Statuit concilium, quod curati ecclesiarum, qui dolo aut fraude
formam Uterarum, quas eorum superiores particulariter iis dirigunt

436 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

exequendas, exponere aut publicare dissimulant, suis beneficiis sint
ipso facto privati, et parti, pro cujus rebus hujusmodi exequendis
literae ipsae directae sunt, ad omne interesse maneant, auctoritate
praesentis statuti penitus obligati.

40. Declarat concilium, quod rectores, vicarii et alii ecclesiarum
praelati, qui nonnunquam tempore generalis interdicti, cum aliquis
amicorum suorum moritur, se absentant de sepultura sic decedentium,
ignorantiam jam praetendere valeant, et subsequenter sub umbra
hujus ignorantiae celebrent, poenam juris propterea incurrant, acsi
praesentes interessent, et talia commiserint.

41. Declarat concilium, decimam partem terrarum desertorum,
sicuti aliorum praedialium personae debere.

42. Declarat concilium, quod uno conjugum decedente, omnia
bona, utriusque debitis subductis, veniant in testimento computanda,
it de dote aut ejus parte non soluta tempore mortis videant ordinarii,
etem de dote alienata veniant dividenda, inter alia bona concilium
remittit.

43. Declarat concilium, clericos simplices non esse admittendos
loco canonicorum aut pralatorum ad servitium divinum.

44. Declarat concilium, quod laici, qui in causis suorum amicorum
clericorum insurgentes, bella et litigia generant, unde homicidia et
plura mala insurgunt, ipso facto excorrmunicationem incurrunt, nisi
ordniariorum suorum consensus prius ad id intervenerit.

45. Declarat concilium, antiquas ecclesias, ecclesiolas in possessione
comunitatis existentes, et quae habent insignia sanctitatis, immuni-
tate gaudere ecclesiastica debere, et quod episcopi pro illis exequi
debeant, nisi cum eis placuerint, pensatis omnibus rei circumstantiis
aut causis.

46. Declarat concilium, et perpetuo reprobat exactiones laicorum
et nefandas consuetudines, quas in terris ecclesiasticis exercent.

47. Mandat concilium, sub poena excommunicationis latae sen-
tentiae, et beneficiorum privationis, et nihilominus declarat, quoties
archiepiscopum vel episcopum per laicos aut alios capi contingit, totam
provinciam, in qua capiuntur ecclesiastico suppositamfuisse interdicto,
totamquedioecesin, in qua inferior praelatus aut saceraos, decanatum,
in quo simplex clericus ; et in illis ad minus officiis, necessitatis tem-
poribus exceptis, omnino esse cessandum, captura hujusmodi durante.

48. Statuit concilium et declarat, laicos signantes blada clericorum
necessitatem illis ponentes, aut impedientes, ne clerici de illis disponant
ad placitum, dicentes ; decimas dominii ipsorum ipsis praeteritis vendi
et dari debere, ipso facto fore excommunicatos, et rnterdictos, cum
suis locis et hominibus.

49. Mandat concilium, quod de caetero per ordinaries nulla uniO'
fiat simplicibus beneficiis, aut praebendis de beneficiis curatis, aut
dignitatibus ad aliquorum instantiam, maxime nobilium et juvenum
personarum ; et si contra hoc fecerint, concilium declarat totum nullum.

50. Statuit concilium, quod ultra numerum solitum canonici non
recipiantur, neque vocales canonici in ecclesia admittantur ultra
numerum sex canonicorum, computatis jam receptis.

51. Statuit et mandat concilium, quod ordinarii non committant
causas nisi discretis ac juris peritis, sub poena nullitatis processus,
neque imperitos recipiant ad canonicatus et dignitates.

52. Declarat concilium, quod clerici medium facientes in firmis
beneficiorum, ut laici fructus percipictnt, sunt ipso facto excommuni-
cati, cum in hoc antiquo statuto fraus committitur, quae non debet
patrocinari, et firmas ipsas ipso jure non teneri.

53. Sacrum concilium iuhibet magistris, subpoena excommunica-

APPENDICES. 437

tionis, quod nullos nobiles, aut alios ad suam lecturam admittant, de
quibus non est spes, quod in ecclesia Dei profecerint.

54. Declarat concilium, quod clerici nomine laicorum appellantes,
aut concilium eis dantes, contra executionem ordinariorum et causam
ecclesiae, sunt ipso facto excommunicati, appellationes illas esse frivolas
et inanes, quibus omnino obstantibus fiat executio contra illos, prout
prius est praescriptum, qui pro laicis et contra personas ecclesiasticas
advocare, et contendere praesumunt.

55. Statuit concilium, quod laici juxta ecclesiam aedificantes, si
contra prohibitionem curatorum quidquid damni exinde ecclesiis con-
tingat, per incendium, aut alia via, tam ipsi aedificantes, quam etiam
exercitus de omni damno teneantur, et ipsorum quivis in soildum.

56. Declarat concilium, quod decimae, quae in plerisque locis
imagini, ac ad uberiorem declarationem aliisque Sanctis miraculorum
suorum intuitu de diversis locis et provinciis offeruntur, inter rectorem
et vicarium aequaliter dividendae, salva canonica praescriptione.

57. Declarat concilium, omnes eos, qui impediunt confugientes ad
unitatem ecclesiae libere transire, esculenta et poculenta id eos devinire,
ipso facto fore excommunicatos et interdictos.

58. Declarat concilium, ecclesiam quibuscunque ab intestate
decedentibus executores nomine ecclesiae illis posse deputare, ac hoc
impedientes ipso facto fuisse excommunicatos.

59. Declarat concilium, non esse credendum executoribus fingen-
tibus plura debita defunctorum, nisi quatenus id legitime docuerint.

60. Declarat concilium, ordinarios compellere posse laicos ad
pacem et treugam observandum.

61. Declarat concilium, Mendicantes singulos suis limitibus in
eorum quaestu contentari.

62. Declarat concilium, non esse credendum resignationibus epis-
coporum, nisi sigillum resignantis una cum sigillo capituli ejusdem
ecclesiae hujusmodi resignationi fuerit appositum, et subscriptione
quatuor de capitulo et duorom notariorum muniatur.

63. Declarat concilium, decimas casei et lactis simul non debere
solvi, et ecclesia tum eligere potest lac aut caseum, cum caseus factus
sit.

64. Declarat concilium, coUationes simplicibus personis factas et
idiotis ipso jure fore nuUas literas, et alia inde secuta.

65. Declarat concilium, quod nuUus vicarius potest deservire per
alium sine licentia ordinariorum, ac beneficiatos non dicentes horas
canonicas, ipso facto fore privates, et ferentes arma ad quadrigenta
solidos puniendos, toties quoties.

66. Mandat concilium, sub poena privationis beneficierum ipse
facto, quod clerici et ecclesiarum praelati pensiones et stipendia laicis
non concedant ; vel fructus beneficiorum suorum illis assignent, sub
poena eadem, et recipientes laicos ipso facto fore privates.

67. Statuit concilium, ob revcrentiam Sacramentorum, viz.,eucha-
ristiae, et extremae unctionis, quod ecclesiarum curati talia ministrantes
alba induti, et campana praecedente infirmam accedant ; si extet in
propinquo, saltem infra demum, ad Christi fidelium devotionem
excitand, et haec omnia sub poena observent ; campana tamen semper
praecedat eucharistiam.

68. Statuit hoc praesens concilium, quod clerici, maxima in sacris
ordinibus constituti, necnen ecclesiarum praelati, rectores, et vicarii
suas suspectas personas, infamiam generantes in clero et populo, extra
curam et curiam rejiciant etiam post publicationem praesentis statuti
infra 28, dierum spatium, sine spe recuperationis earum, sub poena
privationis beneficiorum et dignitatis, inhabilitatis et infamiae ipse

438

DIOCESE OF LIJvIERICK.

facto : quod quidem statutum locorum ordmarii execution! demandare
non negligant, sub poena XX, sol. metropolitano in cursu suae visita-
tionis applicandorum, de propriis episcoporum desuper negligentium.

69. Declarat concilium sacrum, quod ecclesiae parochiales mundae
sint et immaculatae, nuUaque aediticatio fiet in ecclesiis ipsis, aut
earum coemeteriis, nulla flagellatoria laicorum ibidem fiet contra volun-
tatem episcoporum, vel aliorum ecclesiis praesedentium, ac coemeteria
ipsa muris clandantur. in expensis populorum, sub poena excommuni-
cationis et interdicti ipso facto, et aedificata hactenus ibidem omnino
expellantur infra vigenti dies post requisitionem desuper factam, et
inde cedant omnino ecclesiis et earum personis.

70. Declarat sacrum concilium, standum esse antiquis libris et
rotulis ecclesiae circa jura ecclesiae, census et reditus, quotiescunque
quaestio oritur desuper inter ecclesiam et subditum suum, vel aliud,
etiamsi libri ipsi recentes sint, dummodo per ipsum praelatum, qui
nomine ecclesiae agat, scripti non sunt vel inventi.

71. Statuit concilium, quod clerici non recipiant filios nobiliuni
ad nutriend, sub poena XL, sol. ordinariis applicandorum, toties
quoties, nisi de eorum licentia speciali.

72. Declarat concilium, de omni lucro decimas fore persolvendas,
necessariis prius expensis deductis.

73. Declarat concilium, quod clerici beneficiati decimas solvere
tenentur in loco beneficii, vagabundi in loco studii, ac domicilium
habentes in loco domicilii.

74. Declarat concilium, laicos non posse possidere ecclesiasticos
fructus jure haereditario, etiamsi antecessores sui hujusmodi fructus
per quatuor annos et ultra possidebant.

75. Declarat concilium, decimas molendinorum gurgitum fore sol-
vendas, salva prima fabrica eorundum ; et damnat concilium con-
trarian! consuetudinem.

76. Declarat concilium in majoribus causis matrimonialibus sum-
mam viginti solidorum non esse excedend, in minoribus vero taxent
ordinarii ; et aliter agentes excommunicentur.

•]-j. Mandat concilium ordinariis, et suis officialibus sub poena
mortalis peccati, quoties f iierint remissi, quod exequantur cum effectu
antiqua statuta edita contra praelatos et ecclesiarum curatos com-
petentem habitum non deferentes, ab habitu laicorum omnino diversum,
tunicam, viz., gascomarcon cum honesto bireto, et aliis ordini clericatus
congruentibus quae poena imposita talis est; viz. unum "noble,"
quoties in habitu contrario reperiantur, cum perditione vestium sic
habitarum ordinario sen officiali visitanti.

78. Declarat sacrum concilium antiquam consuetudinem provinciae
Cashellensis circa Heriotam episcoporum. et aliorum praelatorum, nec-
non et antiqua statuta desuper edita, inviolabiliter fore observanda ;
viz. meliorem annulum, ciphum, sellam, vel portiforium archiepiscopo
et episcopo fore persolvenda.

79. Declarat concilium fructus primi anni executoribus deberi a
die obitus beneficiati usque ad annum, salvis contrarius consuetudinibus.

80. Sacrum concilium declarat, quod onines paupares seculo abren-
unciantes, ac in locis sarcis degentes, in libris ecclesiae registrentur,
ac vitae approbatae sint, et singulis annis libram cerae aut ultra, juxta
qualitatem personarum aut locorum suorum, ecclesiae cathedrali
humiliter persolvant, congruum habitum suae paupertati deferentes,
earum parochiales ecclesias et coemeteria peragrare faciant, cruces
altas juxta eorum habitacula construant, et habeant in altum erectas
sub poena perditionis privilegii ipsorum et libertatis, cum ad mandatum
superiorum requisiti fuerint, et negligentes.

APPENDICES. 439

8i. Statuit ct (leclarat concilium, quod nulli praelati, aut ecclesia-
rum curati, questores vel alii, vigore alicujus executionis aut privilegii
deinceps audiant confessiones latronum, furum, et sacrilegorum, seu
bona quorumcunqne fidelium scienter detintium usque ad restitutionem
condignam, si ad hoc potentes existant ; curati vero aliter facientes
toties, quoties convicti fuerint, dimidiam niarcam ordinario persolvant,
aut suo officiali de hoc inquirenti Qui autem occasione praedicta semel
in anno confessi non fuerint, et minime communicaverint, ecclesiastica
careant sepultura.

82. Declarat sacrum concilium et determinat, juxta sanctorum
patrum decreta, quod omnes et singuli clerici, praelati, laici, et domini
temporales, qui bona episcoporum ante vel post mortem invaserint,
quae futuris successoribus reservari, et in ecclesiarum utilitatem con-
verti debuerint, ipso facto excommunicati, anathematizati, et male
dicti existant perpetuo, usque ad satisfactionem condignam ; neque
eis in praemissis valeat uUa simplex remissio ad salutem, et per singu-
los curatos ecclesiarum tales publice excommunicati et sacrlegi denun-
cientur, in omni generali executione, saltern quater in anno, sub poenis
praedictis, aut interdicti maneant cum earum terris et familiaribus.

8,^ Mandat concilium, quod singuli curati, et ecclesiarum praelati,
quoties per eorum superiores citati fuerint ad dies synadales vel con-
vocationem, alias albis induantur, et more clerical! conveniant, sicque
se habeant eundo, stando, redeundo, sub poena XL. den. episcopo sol-
vendorum toties quoties, contrarium actum fecerint.

84. Declarat sacrum concilium, quod porticus ecclesiae gaudet
eadem immunitate cum ecclesia ipsa, quoad immunitatem conse-
quendam ipsis ad earn confugientibus necessitatis tempore, etiamsi
porticus ille consecratus non sit, sed annexus locis sacris, dummodo
non fiat in illis continua residentia.

85. Statuit et declarat concilium, quod quicunque praelatus, rector,
clericus vel vicarius judices deligant, vel eorum adversarios clericos
capiant, vel ab illis capi faciant vel arrestari, totum suum jus in ipis
beneficiis et causam ipsam perdant, eorumque absolutio Sedi apostolicae
reservatur, ac pacta et juramenta quaecunque praestita ab hujusmodi
captis de jure non esse obligatoria sed concilium remittet eadem.

86. Statuit concilium, quod in civitatibus et locis, in quibus cantus
habetur, et chorus regitur, nulli ad aliquas praetaturas nisi cantores
admittantur, salvo privilegio speciali sedis apostolicae.

87. Statuit et declarat concilium, quod ordinarii non absolvant
excommunicatos absque consensu partium, et sine sufficiente cautione,
et si contrarium fecerint, non tenet absolutio.

88. Declarat concilium, quod clerici guadent priviligiis clericalibus
in immunitatibus et terris patronalibus liberis ; in terris non tributariis
quoad sua bona privilegio gaudent tantummodo.

89. Declarat concilium, quod clausulae generales apponi solitae
in litteris apostolicis, viz., a quibuscunque excommunicationis, sus-
pensionis, etc. solummodo extenduntur ad speciticata, literasque
ipsas sic tacite impetratas ipso facto fore nuUas, cum omnibus inde
secutis.

90. Statuit concilium, quod nuUus sub poena excommunicationis
sententiae porrigat aliquam supplicationem difinitivam,nisi exprimati
suum nomen, et eandem prosequatur in forma.

91. Statuit concilium formam cum modis observari debere in ex-
communicatione ferenda, nisi delictum est notorium et manifestum.

92. Declaret concilium quotidiana vestimenta ecclesiae persolvi
debere ab omnibus defunctis, et hoc indifferenter tam ab Anglicis,
quam ab Hibernicis.

440 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

03. Declarat concilmm animalia clericorum reperta in terris deser-
tis ad damna tantummodo eese obligata, etiamsi terrae ipsae oneribus
secularibus asstringantur, sub omnibus poenis ecclesiasticis.

94. Declarat concilium, quod rectores et vicarii debent reparare
cancellum, parochiani navem, quantum suppetant facultates ecclesiae.

95. Statutum concilii revocat omnest ranslationes curiae in ecclesias
cathedrales jam factas sub annua pensione, et ligat manus ordinariorum,
quod talia iterate non fiant sub poena nullitatis ipso facto.

96. Declarat concilium, quod de consensu episcopi, decani , et
capituli potest fieri divisio fructuum alicujus pinguis beneficii ad
ecclesiam exilem et pauperem, pro divini cultus augmentatione.

97. Statuit concilium, omnes in excommunicatione per annum
indurat. anno elapso privatos suis beneiiciis, inhabiles, et incapaces.

98. Declaret concilium, per omnes quaestores de omni lucro exinde
acquisito ecclesiae parochiali, in qua habent domicilia, et ecclesiastica
percipiunt sacramenta, decimas esse persolvendas.

99. Declarat concilium, quod cum in beneiiciis taxatis haeredes
defunctorum eligere habent taxam, vel residuum infra mensem, hoc
de taxa capitali intelligi debet, non de alia.

100. Declarat concilium, quod fures et latrones et alii confugientes
ad ecclesiasticam immunitatem, non gaudent previlegio usque ad satis-
factionem in primo delicto et sacrilegis, de quo alias convicti sint vel
confessi.

loi. Mandat concilium, sub poena interesse partis, tam episcopis,
quam aliis inferioribus, et ecclesiarum praelatis et curatis, quod in
absentia partis neminem absolvant, satisfactione non praemissa vel
idonea cautione, de qua pars se expresserit contenta.

102. Item, quod ordinarii literas eis directas, sub eadem poena
simpliciter exequantur.

103. Declarat concilium, obsidem ecclesiae fore restituendum, facta
eidem emenda de injuria, et habita restitutione, praestita turn per
obsidem idonea cautione, quod stabit juri insuper actione civili coram
suo judice competenti, tunc ipsum debet ecclesia liberare et secernere.

104. Irritat concilium collationes per metropolitanum ante proba-
tionem devolutionis factas, et declarat concilium standum esse jura-
mento episcoporum, circa eorum scientiam in vacatione beneficiorum
suarum dioecesium, dummodo ignorantia non sit crassa, vel supina.

105. Declarat concilium, quod forma conquestus non extenditur
ad processum judicialem, qui in rem transit judicatam.

106. Declarat concilium in translatione prolis non esse credendum
matri.

107. Inhibet concilium aliquem questum fieri diebus solennibus
ante solutionem oblationum, et aliorum jurium ecclesiae, sub poena
XL. denar, toties quoties.

108. Declarat concilium, quad lucrum contingens ex negotiatione,
quae in jure non debet compensari, et quidquid excedit sortem princi-
palem, est usura.

109. Declarat concilium laicos, qui se intromittant de fructibus
ecclesiae vacantis percipiendis, et si in ilia jus habeant patronatus
excommunicationis sententiam ipso facto incurrisse, eorumque Domi-
nium ecclesiastico subjacere interdicto.

no. Declarat sacrum concilium, quod cmnimoda jurisdictio ord-
naria ad archiepiscopum spectare dignoscitur in dioecesi sufEaganeorum
suorum, si hoc eidem consuetudo attribuit, sede episopali vacante.

III. Declarat concilium, quod accendens ad curiam Romanam
pro suis expeditionibus, gaudere debet privilegio itinerantium, Iraude
et dole cessantibus.

APPENDICES. 441

112. Declarat concilium, quod celebrantes et celebrari auctoriz-
antes contra sententias et censuras ordinariorum, ipso facto sunt
excommunicati, irregulares ac ratione contemptus per sedem apostoli-
cam solummodo venient absolvendi.

113. Statuit sacrum concilium, quod Christi fideles sub poena
peccati mortalis non accedant ad praedicationem alicujus fratris, nisi
prius per loci ordinarium admissus fuerit ; ac concilium inhibet fratribus
liujusmodi quod non nisi admissi praedicare praesumant, subpoena
subtractionis quaestus per diocesim ipsam.

114. Declarat concilium, quod privilegium fratrum de decimis
hortorum percipiendis, quos noviter infra parochiam aliorum construunt
et colunt, non debent ad novalia extendi, nisi ex forma privilegii con-
trarium in specie apparet.

115. Declarat concilium, quod ubicunque metropolitanus et
suffraganeus de aliquo beneficiorum sedi apostolicae reservato dispo-
nunt, collatio ordinarii debet praevalere donee de hujusmodi beneficio
per sedem ipsam provisum fuerit, infra tamen tempus juris eidem sedi
etiam limitatum.

116. Declarat concilium, quod cum quis literas impetrat contra
incumbentem, propter non promotionem ejusdem, selicet duobus
beneficiis curatis, potest is providere de beneficio, in quo probavit non
promotionem, licet in altero probando defecerit impetrans.

117. Statuit concilium, quod quoties nuncii, praecones, aut fami-
liares episcoporum in rixis aut contentionibus casu aliquo interficiantur
■quod tantum debetur episcopis ratione interesse, quatum rationi et
genti ipsius interfecti pro redemptione sanguinis ejusdem.

118. Alandat sacrum concilium omnibus ecclesiarum praelatis,
vicariis, et capellanis, quod infra mensem post publicationem hujus
statuti omnes suas suspectas personas, licet etiam aliis viris maritatas,
ab omni cura et curia ipsorum sine spe reversionis omnino rejicant,
sub poena privationis ab omni officio et beneficio ipso facto.

119. Declarat concilium, quod ordinarii locorum, in negligentia
religiosorum non praesentantium idoneas personas ad ecclesias ipsorum
curatos, de hujusmodi ecclesiis et beneficiis, tanquam de jure vacanti-
bus, possunt libere disponere, et in illis perpetuos vicarios instituere.

120. Statuit sacrum concilium clerum et capitulum civitatis et
dioeces. Waterfordien. ac praelatos ecclesiarum, qui secundum con-
suetudinem provinciae Cashellensis fructus prmii anni, ratione coUa-
tionis eis factae, ordinariis solvere renuunt, per totum concilium fore
reformandos, juxta morem et consuetudinem aliarum dioecesiuni, et
(ad) hujusmodi annatam humiUter persolvend. compellendos.

121. Statuit concilium, quod ubi rector alicujus ecclesiae persona-
liter non residet in eadem, vicarius ibidem residens, et animarum
curam gerens, habeat et in suos usus convertat terras ecclesiasticas pro
parte rectoris non residentis ,reddendo exinde ipsi rectori omnia
reddenda ; ac rectores ipsi, contrarium exercentes, per vicarios locorum
^xcommunicentur auctoritate praesentis concilii et statuti.

Papae Rom. Archiep. Cant. Anno Christi Reg. Angliae

Nicholai V. 8. Tho. Bourchier I. UJl Hennc VI. 38.

442 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Ex MM. aa. Vol. 3 T.C.D. Synodus Limericensis. Ex Ms. penes-
rev. EPiscoPUM Clogherensem. Vide M.S. T.C.D. , F. 3, iG.

In qua statuta, quorum rubricae tantum extant, promulgata sunt in
provincia Cassiliensi observanda.

1. De privilegiis concessis civitati Lismorensi.

2. De captura episcoporum.

3. De litteris non exequendsi absque voluntate ordinarii .

4. De potestate exequendi concessa inferionbus auctoritate
concilii.

5. De redemptione interfectorum.

6. De candelis funeralibus.

7. De praeconibus et rusticis laicoruui.

8. De foedis praeconum praelatorum.

9. De mansis praelatorum non residentium vicariis concedendis-

10. De poena fornicatorum clericorum.

11. Contra usurpantes bona episcoporum seu aliorum praelatorum
post mortem.

12. De clericis in honeste viventibus.

13. De sepultura furum et latronum.

14. De portion ecclesiae et ejus immunitate.

15. Contra capientes clericos.

• 16. Contra ecclesias judicantes [Male Ms. legit adrucantes.

17. De forma cum medicinalis in notoriis non observanda.

18. In absentiam partis non esse absolvandum.

19. De prole laicorum non nutrienda.

20. De decima foeni solvenda.

21. De decima artificum.

22. De poena sanguinis.

23. De heriota et ecclesiolis.

24. Contra residentes in locis sacris.

25. Standum esse antiquis Ubris ecclesiae.

26. De testamentis defunctorum.

27. Contra signantes blada in ecclesiis.

28. De unione non tienda juvenibus.

29. De numero certo canonicorum vocalium.

30. Causae non remittantur indiscretis.

31. De expensis judicum moderandis.

32. De actibus capitularibus.

2^. De damno ex aedificatione contigua.

34. De decimis artiftcum inter duas ecclesias.

35. De terris secularibus per clericos conductis.

36. De executoribus plura fmgentibus.
^y. De falsa resignatione episcoporum.

38. De animalibus in morte obligatis.

39. Decima lactis vel casei.

40. De clausula Dummodo dicta mulier.

41. De terris ecclesiae censualibus.

42. De collatione facta simplicibus.

43. De clericis in excommunicatione perseverantibus.

44. De taxo aut residue.

45. De reparatione navis et cancellae.

46. De quotidiana distributione.

47. De translatione curae revocata. i

APPENDICES. 443.

48. De augmentatione exilis ecclesiae.

49. De candelis tempore funeris.

50. De furibus non absolvendis.

51. Delatuni est jurameiito episcoporum in vocatione beneficiorum
suorum.

=;2. De forma conquestus.

53. Non est credendum matri in prolis translatione.

54. Praevalet collatio ordinarii in beneficio reservato.

55. De servis non talliatis potest Dominus disponere.

56. Celebrandum est per provinciam pro patronis ecclesiarum
cathedralium.

57. Orandum est per provinciam pro episcopis et aliis praclatis-
defunctis.

58. De parte principali non computanda.

59. Quod ecclesia suecedit omnibus ab intestato.

60. Qualiter clerici solvant decimas.

61. De expensis causarum matrimonialium.

62. De rei vindicatione in rebus clericorum.

63. De confugientibus ad ecclesiam, qui eandem vel aliam violarunt.

64. Contra capellanos fornicarios.

65. Contra firmarios laicos.

66. Contra clericos medium facientes pro laicis ut fructus perci-
piant.

67. Credendum esse rotulis in archivis ecclesiae repertis.

68. Non nisi cantores admittantur in locis, ubi cantus requiritur.

69. De clericis in excommunicatione per annum durantibus.

70. De clericis contra ecclesiam postulantibus.

71. Ecclesia non ligatur statutis laicorum.

■J2. Ecclesia suecedit ab intestato decedentibus, supra 59.

Tl. De ecclesiis infra parochias situatis.

74. Contra tribunes laicorum.

75. Contra capellanos fornicatores, supra 64.

76. De firma laicorum.

■J7. De negotiis expediendis ante inceptionem missae.

Privilegia et specialia indulta concessa civitati et ecclesiae Lis-
morensi, ejusque territorio, et maneriis ab extra auctoritate sacri pro-
vincialis concilii in civitate Limericensi dicesimo die Augusti, A.D.
M.D. ii. cum amplissimo exequotoriali processu, multis sigillis aucten-
ticis roborato, cujus summa in compendio cum multis ahis statutis
necessariis.

Imprimis quod de retro et in perpetuum nulla fiat distributio
Scotorum. et turbariorum, nee venatorum quorumcunque, etiam
domini comitis Desmoniae in civitate, aut populo suo privato, neque
in maneriis domini episcopi ab extra, sub poena majoris excommuui-
cationis, et interdicti ecclesiastic! ipso facto contra violatores horum
privilegiorum toties quoties.

Item, promittit concilium, quod justitiarius domini regis, et domi-
nus comes Desmoniae, casu ibidem advenientes, de honesta tamen
comitiva equitum et peditum juxta qualitatem tenenda, illuc recipian-
tur, hoc semper licentia episcopi petita et oblenta.

Panae Rom. Archiep. Cant. Anm Christ! Reg. Angliae

Julii II. 10. Guiliel VVarham 10. .il'i. HenricMII. 4

444 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

WHITE'S LIST OF CHURCHES OF THE DIOCESE.

(Taken from Lenihan's History of Limerick.)

The cathedral and parochial church of the Blessed Virgin
Mary, dedicated to the same on the 15 th day of August, on
which day the office of the dedication is celebrated (,^0. with
an octave in the city, and without an octave in the diocese.

Nota bene that I, Jasper White, met, written in the
calendar of an old breviary belonging to the diocese of Limerick,
the Sunday after the i6th July to be the day assigned for the
dedication" of the cathedral of Limerick, with an octave ; but
a continued tradition assures us of the contrary, and that the
15th of August is the proper day for the dedication, as Dr.
Jasper White has affirmed above.

The parish church of St. Munchin, the patron saint of the
whole city, whose festival is celebrated on the 2nd day of
January.

It is a prebend or canonry. The vicar has one half of the
fruits, and the prebend the other half. It pays

The parish church of St. Nicholas. Bishop and Confessor,
whose festival is celebrated on the 6th of September. Its
vicariate (vicarage") belongs to the college of the vicars choral.
No traces of this church exist ; but it was near the King's
Castle, on the south side. It pays

The parish church of St. John the Baptist, whose festival
is celebrated on the 24th day of June,

N.B. — Many say it is dedicated to the decollation of St.
John, ye pth of August.

The churches and chapels of this decanate in the county
of Thomond (Clare), viz. : — the parish church of Killilee,
whose patron is Lelia, Virgin, and sister of St. Munchin, as it
is said, whose festival is celebrated on the nth August. It
belongs to the prebend of Donoughmore. To this church
of Killilee belong three Cratalaghs, viz. : — Cratalagh More,
Cratalagh Keyil, and Cratalagh Moyeil and Counagh. The
parish church of Keilfintenan. [To this church belong part
of the church of Sixmile Bridge, the Oil Mills, Ballydane east
and west, Breakhill, Moyhill, Ballymorris, Portvine, and
Garrine Curragh.] The place of this church is commonly
called Crochane.

[In MSS. of Dr. Young after brackets.]

The parish church of Kielinaghta, the chapel of St.
Thomas on the Mountain, at a place called Ballybu-^halane,
near Cratloe.

[In Dr. Young's English.]

The chapel of Keilrush, near the river Shannon ; the
chapel of Keilchuain, near Parteen ; it belongs to the treasurer.
The patron of this chapel is St. Covanus, Abbot, on the day. . . 9

APPENDICES. 445

Churches and chapels of this decanate of Limerick, in s. d.
thelsouthern side of the city, in the county of Limerick, out-
side the walls, viz. : —

The parish church of St. IMichael the Archangel, entirely
destroyed in the time of Cromwell, near the walls, outside the
West Watergate. His festival is celebrated on the 29th day of
September. It belongs to the archdeacon. . . . . 09

The parish church of St. Lawrence the Martyr, whose
festival is celebrated on the loth of August with an octave.
The presentation belongs to the corporation of the mayor and
aldermen. It pays . . . . . . . . . . 16

The parish church of St. Patrick, Bishop and Confessor,
and Patron of all Ireland, whose festival is celebrated on the
17th day of March: the church is entirely destroyed. It
belongs to the treasurer, and the tithes of all the mills of
Limerick and Singland belong to it, . . . . . . 7 &

The parish church of Kilmurry, dedicated to St. Mary
Magdalen, 22nd day of July, . . . . . . . . 80

The parish church of Derigealavain, dedicated to St.
Nicholas, Bishop and Confessor, on the 6th day of December.
It is a entirely a rectory (est rectoria integra). . . . . 5 . •

The parish church of Donoughmore is a prebend, and
dedicated, . . . . . . • • • • • • 5 o

The parish church of Cahirivalaha, dedicated to St.
Thomas, Apostle, 21st day of December. It belongs to the
treasurer. . . . . . . . • • • . • 20

The church of Caihiornairy, dedicated to St. Nicholas,
Bishop and Confessor, 6th day of December. It belongs to
the dean by gift from the Lord D.D. Robert of Emly, or
Neil, Bishop of Limerick, anno Domini, 1253. .. .. 80

The parish church of Criochoura, dedicated to the blessed
Apostles Peter and Paul, 29th day of June. The vicarage
(or vicariate) belongs to the college of the vicars of Limerick. 10 o

The parish church of Keilbecan, near Kilpeacon. It is
a prebend, dedicated to St. Becan, on the day. . . . . 20

The parish church of Knock-na-Ghauill, dedicated to St.
Brigid, Virgin, ist day of February. It belongs to the pre-
centor. . . . . . . • • • • • • SO

The parish church of Feadamuir (Fedamore) and Bailione.
Dedicated to decollation of St. John Baptist, 29th day of
August. . . . . . . • • . • ..80

The parish church of Ballinanhiny, or Fanningstown.

The parish church of Keilchidy, dedicated to the holy
Apostles Simon and Jude, 28th day of October. . . . . 120

The parish church of Mongret. It belongs to the dean.
Dedicated to St. Patrick, the 17th day of March. .. .. 40

The chapel of Keililin, near St. John's Gate. It belongs
entirely to the dean.

The chapel of Fearan-na-guilleagh, now called Ross Brien,
of which no traces are left. It formerly belonged to some
monks of the chapel de Rastro or Ratuird. It belongs to the
parish priest (parochialis) of Limerick, whose vicarage belongs
to the college of vicars. . . . . . . ..40

The chapel of Baillione, part of the parish of Feadamuir.

The chapel or temple of Friarstown, commonly called
Ballynabrair.

The chapel of Sen na ghauil, perhaps Knock na ghauil. « 20

446 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

s. d.

The chapel of Keilcuaui de Achinis, between Ballinanhiny
and Feadamuir. It belongs to the precentor. .. .. 5 ^^

The chapel or temple of Keilna Cailly, near the bridge of
Claireene, whose patron is Enat or Ethna.

The chapel of St. Margaret in or Newtown, near

Carrigoguinell, 20th day of July.

There are also in Limerick three monasteries, viz. : —

The monastery of the Canons Regular of St. Augustine,
near Ball's Bridge,

The monastery of St. Saviour, of the Dommicans,

The monastery of St. [Francis in the place commonly
called the Abbey].

The temple of St. Peter, which was that of the Canonesses
of St. Augustine.

There was also in Limerick, near Quay Lane, the Church
of the Holy Rood.

The Decanate of Kii.lmallock.

The collegiate and parish church of Killmallock, dedicated
to the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul, 29th day of June, whose
rectory belongs to the college of vicars of Limerick, and the
vicariate to the college of Kilmallock, . . . . ..180

The parish church of Effin is a prebend, and dedicated to
the B.V. Mary, .. •• •• •• . . 22 o

The parish church of Athenese, or Beallathenesigh, or
Beallananesy, dedicated to St. Athanasius, 2nd day of May,
whose rectory belongs to the college of Kilmallock, . . 10 o

The church of Kilbride Major, dedicated to St. Brigid, ist
day of February. It is a rectory that belongs to the college
of Kilmallock.

The church of Imiligrinine, or Ballaghrinine, dedicated to
St. Molluo, Bishop and Confessor, 4th day of August. It belongs
to the treasurer, . . . • • • • • ..50

The church of Keilfinny, or Keilfinine, dedicated to St.
Andrew, Apostle, 30th day of November. It belongs to the
precentor, . . . . • • • • • • ..100

The church of Keilsluing, near Clough-a-Nutliy [forte
Kilflyn MSS., Dr. Cussen, Castleotway, in pencil], . . . . 40

The church of Dromochuo, or Derragdmochuogh, or
Dormoceno, .. .. •• •- •• . . 12 o

The church of Ballinghaddly. It belongs to the college of
Kilmallock, dedicated to the B.V.M. .. .. .. 15 o

The church of Kilbride Minor. It is a rectory, dedicated
to St. Brigid, ist February, .. .. •• ..40

The church of Keilchuain, dedicated to St. Coran, abbot, 4 S

The church of Cluoincourry, alias Cluointorthy, half of
which formerly belonged to the Bishop of Cloyne, but now the
whole is said to belong to the Bishop of Limerick. It is dedi-
cated to St. Colomanus, "24th day of November" [Dr.
Young], .. .. •■ •• •• ..10

The church of Ballyhancard, dedicated to St. David,
1st March, . . . . • • • • • • ..40

The parish church of Brury (Bruree). It belongs to the
Dean of Limerick. Dedicated to St. Munchin, Bishop, . . 50

The parish church of Ahaleacagh. It is a rectory, and
dedica-ted to St. John Baptist, 24th of June, .. .. 12 o

APPENDICES. 447

The parish church of Dromuin. It is a rectory, and
dedicated to the Most Holy Trinity, . . . . • . i

The church of Urigear, alias of Viridus, dedicated to St.
Margaret, Virgin, 20th day of July, .. .. •• :

Parish church of TiUibreaka. It is a prebend, and
dedicated to St. Molon, 5th day of May, . . • . • •

The church of Glinoge, dedicated to St. Nicholas, 6th
December,

The chapel of St. John, between the bridge and St. John's
Gate, Kilmallock.

The chapel of St. Mathologus, on the hill of Kilmallock,
whose festival is celebrated on the 26th day of March.

The chapel of Cattan, alias Kiline or Kilny. It belongs
to the bishop's table.

The chapel of St. Martin in Ballichuillean, dedicated to
St. Martin, nth day of November. It belongs to the college
of Kilmallock,

The chapel of Saichaihill. It belongs to the college of
Kilmallock. Dedicated,

The chapel of Ardphaidrig (Ardpatrick), in the parish of
Ballyhadding. It belongs to the college of Kilmallock.
Dedicated. (Mount RusseD,

The chapel of Dungedamus, or Dungaddy, or Dunghadie-
hon, or Duneyris. It belongs to the college of Kilmallock.
Dedicated,

The chapel Martes (Mortals town). If belongs to the college
of Kilmallock. Dedicated,

The chapel of Keilchoimogan, alias Keilinghongue. It
belongs to the prebend of St. Munchin, . .

The chapel of Ardmuillain, otherwise Ardewelain, of
which scarcely any traces remain. It belongs to the bishop's
table. Dedicated,

The chapel of Brough, alias Broff (Bruff). It belongs to
Hospital. Dedicated to St. Peter of Alexandria, 26th
November,

The chapel of St. Ballisheward, alias Ballihaward, alias
Rathioward. It belongs to the Dean of Limerick. Dedicated,
The chapel of Keilcoyne, otherwise Hakins. It belongs
to the prebend of Keilbecan. Dedicated.

The chapel of Camus, dedicated [to St. Senanus, as I
heard.— Dr. Young]. [8th of March— Dr. Cussen].

The chapel and well {fous) of St. Lawrence in Ahaillaca.
The monastery of the Regulars of St. Augustine at
Kilmallock.

The monastery of St. Saviour of the Dommicans.
The chapel of Keilbruoiny, between Athlacca and
TuUorby.

The chapel of Keiltemplalain, near Bruff, to the north.
[Its remains scarcely visible. — Dr. Young].

The chapel of St. Kyran, between Athlacca and Glcnogra,
belongs to Glenosira. [Scarcely exists. — Dr. Young].

The chapel of St. Laternus, near Bruff. [Its site now
unknown. — Dr. Young].

448

DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Decanate of Adare.

Parochial church of Adare, dedicated to St. Nicholas,
Bishop and Confessor, 6th day of December, .. .. 21 o

Church of Kilnaghan or Keilinoghtan, belongs to mensal
of the bishop, . . . . . . . . . . ..26

Chapel of Keilinathan, belongs to the prebendary of St.
Munchin, to whom it is dedicated. [Perhaps Kilconaghan,
Killenoughty. — Dr. Cussen].

The church of Keilbinighte, dedicated.

Parish church of Croom, alias Gremoth. It is a rectory.
Dedicated, .. .. .. .. .. .. 21 o

The church of Dunnemeaunn, alias Rustainy, aliter
Baillythrisdan. It belongs to the rector of Croom. Dedi-
cated, . . . . . . . . . . ..30

Church of Balliochachan. It is a prebend. Dedicated, 4 6

The church of Keldimo. It belongs to the archdeacon.
Dedicated, . . . . . . . . . . ..80

The church of Ardcanthy. It is a prebend. Dedicated, 5 o

The church of Keilchournan. It is a rectory. Dedicated, 5 o

The church of Dysert. It is a prebend. Dedicated, . . 36

To this church of Dysert belongs Fearan-na-manach, near
the White Stone Cross, as I have myself read in the Black
Book : for the monks of the monastery of Maigh (Maigue), to
whom Fear-na-Managh formerly belonged, gave that land to
the bishop and chapter of Limerick for other land near them,
called Ballioshoidir, which belonged to our Limerick chapter,
and the bishop and chapter added that land, Fear-na-Mauagh,
to the prebend of Dysert, because it is very meagre and poor.
[Habetur p. 27 hujus hbri. viz., White's MSS. — Dr. Young.]

The church of Athnid. It is a prebend, dedicated, . . 16

The chapel of Dromassel. It belongs to the rector of
Croom, dedicated, .. .. .. •• ..16

The chapel of Dolla, alias Doilath. It belongs to the
rector of Croom. Dedicated, . . . . . . ..20

The chapel of Castle Robert, dedicated.

The chapel of Cluoin Anny. It belongs to the Rector of
Croom, dedicated, . . . . . • . • ..20

The chapel of Drochid Tairsne. It belongs to the pre-
bendary of St. Munchin, . . . . . . ..26

Chapel Russel, or Rossel, dedicated, . . . . . . 16

Chapel of Kilghobain. It belongs to the college of vicars
choral.

Chapel of Say, alias de Caithiorassa, dedicated (Caharass).

Chapel of Glanonitrithig, dedicated.

Chapel of Mananghuiren, dedicated.

Chapel of St. Meranus, dedicated to the same.

Chapel of Cran, dedicated.

In this decanate were the following monasteries : —

Monastery of Nenay, or Maighe, of Monks Cistercians of
St. Bernard.

Chapel of Moirgrean, on the west of the river Maighe.
it belongs to said monastery.

In the village of Athdare (Adare) there were : —

Monastery of the Holy Trinity of the Redemption of

APPENDICES. 449

Captives, commonly called the White Monastery, on the west s. d.
of the village, called white from the white habit of the monks.

Monastery of St. Augustine, of the order of Eremites,
called the Black Monaster}^ from their black habit, situated
on the west of the bridge of Athdare.

Monastery of St. Francis, of the order of Minors of the
stricter observance, outside the walls on the western side of
the town, called the Poor ISIonastery.

There was also in the same village a house of Knights
Hospitallers of the order of St. John of Jerusalem.

Decanate (Deanery) of Ballingharry, or Gorth, ok
Gayr.

Parochial church of Ballingharry. It is a parsonage dedi-
cated to St. Evanjanus, ist August, .. ., .. 20 o

Church of Corcomohide. Belongs to the college of
Limerick. Dedicated to the Purification of the Blessed Virgin
Mary, 2nd day of February, . . . . . . . . 20 o

Parish church of IMahounagh. It is a rectory. Dedicated
to St. John Baptist, 24th June, .. .. .. ..60

Church of Cluoineilty. It belongs to the college of
Limerick. Dedicated, . . . . . . . . ..16

Church of Cluoincagh. Belongs to college of Limerick.
Dedicated, . . . . . . . . . . ..06

Church of Croagh. It is a prebend. Dedicated, . . 15 o

Church of Keilfiny. It belongs to the Precentor. Dedi-
cated, . . . . . . . . . . ..150

Church of Cluoinsiarra. It belongs to the Chancellor.
Dedicated, . . . . . . . . . . ..30

Chapel of Cluoincreu. Belongs to the Archdeacon.
Dedicated to St. Borthanus, . . . . . . .,06

Chapel of Maigreny or Keilkenny. Belongs to the college, o 9

Chapel of Ceappach, or Keilnaceappug, or Triostane.
Belongs to the Dean. Dedicated, . . . . . . 30

Chapel of DromcoUuchuir. Dedicated,

Chapel of Keilina, alias Paillis. Dedicated.

Chapel of Cnockseaimabothy. Dedicated. [Shanavroha].

Chapel of Keilmochuo. Dedicated to St. Colmanus, B.
and C, 29 Oct. Confer Ware de Praesuhbus (Ware's Bishops),
sub Epis. Dacensibus, mihi [page 28, Dr. Young's Notes].

Chapel of Keil-vic-a-niarla. Dedicated.

Next to Ballingharry village, on the eastern side, is the
monastery, called the Monastery of St. John, and it is of the
third order of St. Francis, as we have heard.

Decanate of Rathkeale or Rathgelle.

The Parish Church of Rathkeale all belongs to the Chan-
cellor. Dedicated to the Most Holy Trinity. Here is extant
the Monastery of the Canons of Arroasia, of the Order of St.
Augustine [founded and endowed by Gilbert Harvey, in 1289,
and further endowed by his descendant Eleanor Purcell, who
caused it to be dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary. Note
by M. L.]

Church of Keilscannil. Belongs to the Chancellor. Dedi-
cated, . . . . . . . . . . ..50

450 DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Church of Cluonnach. It belongs to the Chancellor. 5. d.
Dedicated. Counagh, . . . . . . . . ..50

Church of Neantenan. It belongs to the Precentor.
Dedicated to St. James Apostle, 25th July, .. .. 6 6

Church of Asketin, or Asketton, or Ascetiny. Dedicated.
A monastery of the Order of St. Francis is extant here, . . 22 o

Church' of Lismakiry or Lismhickiry. It is a rectory.
Dedicated, . . . . . . . . • • ..30

Church of Kilbradarain or Cnockbradarain. Dedicated
to St. Brandan, Abbot, i6th of May, . . . . . . 70

Church of Dunmuilin. Dedicated, . . . . . . 50

Church of Seannaghuoilin. Belongs to the Precentor.
Dedicated, .. .. •- -■ •• .. 12 o

Church of Leuchuill. Belongs to the Precentor. Dedi-
cated, . . . . . . . . . . ..34

Church of Keilarisse or Keilfargus. Belongs to the Pre-
centor. Dedicated, . . . . . . . . ••34

Church of Keilmualain. Belongs to the College. Dedi-
cated, . . . . . . • • • • ••34

Church of Keilmily or Keilmuarille. All belongs to the
Precentor.

Chapel of Rathnasaor. It belongs to the Precentor,
according to an old roll of a.d. 1542, and pays no procuration,
according to the new rolls.

Chapel of Dromdily or Dromdelthy. Belongs to the
Precentor. Dedicated, . . . . • • • ■ Z o

Chapel of Castle Robert or Dunedoinill. It is a rectory,
dedicated to St. Mary Magdalen, 22nd July. .. .. 80

Chapel of Keilcholaman. Dedicated, . . . . 30

Chapel of Disert Merogan, or Muiriogan, or Morgans.
It all belongs to the Precentor. Dedicated, .. .. 20

Chapel of Achinis. Dedicated, . . . . . • 10

Chapel of Mineta. Belongs to the College. Dedicated,

Chapel of Castle Robert de Gore alias Gauyr or of
Roberstville [? Lat. de Pago Robert!]. Dedicated to same,.. 5 o

Chapel to St. Patrick on the Mountain. Dedicated to
same, 17th March.

Chapel of Inniscatha or Scattery Island (formerly, in the
time of St. Senanus, it was an Archiepiscopate, and a celebrated
monastery is extant there). . . . . . . ..10

Decanate of Ardagh.

Parish church of Ardagh, belongs to the Archdeacon.
Dedicated. .. .. •• •• •• ..70

Church of New Grange of the bridge [de ponte]. Dedi-
cated .. ••• •• •• •• ..Co

Church of Newcastle, a rectory. Dedicated to St. David,
ist March, . . . . • • • • • • ..60

Church of Moineaghighea, or Moneyghea. A rectory.
Dedicated to B.V.M., 15th August, .. .. •• 06

Church of Keilioda, or Keilmide. A prebend. Dedicated
to St. Ida, or Mida, abbess, January 15, . . • . • • 3 o

Church of Rathrunan. A rectory. Dedicated, ..40

Church of Aglssimona. Dedicated.

APPENDICES. 45 1

Church of KeilaghaiUcham, alias Kcilagh a Liochan. >•. d.
Dedicated to B.V.M. ad Nives, 5th day of August, near Drum-
collogher, . . . . . . . . . . ..30

Chapel of Rathcaithell. Dedicated, .. .. .. 17 o

Chapel of Mount-Temple [de Tempio Montis]. Belongs
to Rathrunan.

Chapel of Temple Gleantan. Dedicated.

Monastery of Feal, near the river Feal, of the order of
St. Bernard.

At Newcastle there is a monastery of Knights Templars.

Chapel of Iniscatha, or Scattery Island, at the mouth of the
river Shannon, which belongs to the decanate of Rathkeale ; it like-
wise formerly belonged to the diocese of Limerick in the time of the
R. D. D. Cornelius O'Dea, Bishop of Limerick, as appears from his
words and writings.

I, Caspar White, precentor of the Cathedral Church of the B.V.
Marv of Limerick, learn from this, and from other rolls : — i. That
there are six dignitaries in the cathedral church of Limerick, viz.,
episcopate, decanate, precentorate, chancellorate, treasurership, and
archdiaconate. 2. I learn the benefices of each dignity. I learn
that there are six diaconates in the diocese of Limerick. 4. I learn
that there are eleven prebends or canonries. 5. I learn how many
prebends are in each decanate.

The Benefices of each Dignity, viz. : —

I. To the bishop's table belong : — i. Mongrett. 2. Tura Deil,
or Blind Man's Tower. 3. Keilionochan. 4. Ardmuolan, near Kil-
mallock. 5. Cottan, or Kilny, near Killmallock. 6. The middle
part of Cluoncourtha, but now the whole, although formerly one part
belonged to the Bishop of Cloyne.

II. I. To the deanery belonged the whole parish of St. Mary's,
Limerick. 2. The rectory of Mongrett. 3. The entire chapel of
Keililin, outside St. John's Gate, near the walls. 4. The rectory of
the chapel of Rathiuird, near Limerick, because it is part of St.
Nicholas's parish. 5. The parish of Cathiornary. 6. The rectory
of Bruiry. 7. The rectory of Baillishiowaird. 8. The rectory of
Keappach, alias Tristane.

III. To the precentor belong : — i. The rectory of Keilfiny. 2. The
parish of Neantonan. 3. The rectory of Dromdily, or Tomdily, or
Dromdehthy. 4. The rectory of Scannaghuoilin, or Seangolden.
5. The rectory of Leaughill. 6. The whole of Keilmile, alias Keil-
muirelle. 7. The whole chapeP of Crag Desert Morogan, or Merogan,
or Muiririgan, alias IMorgans. 8. The whole of the chapel of Crin-
bhailly, or Cliny. 9. The rectorate of the parish of Cnocknaghauil.
10. Tlie rectory of Cluomagh, in the ecclesiastical tenure only. 11. The
chapel of Rathnasaon, according to an ancient roll of the year 1542.
12. The church of Keilairissa, or Keilfargus.

IV. To the chancellor belong: — i. The rectory of Rathkeill
entirely. 2. The rectory of Keilscamnill. 3. The rectory of Cluomagh,
in the "lav tenure only.' 4. The rectory of Cluonsierre.

V. To the treasurer belong:—:. The parish of St. Patrick
entirely. 2. The tithes of all the mills of Limerick. 3. The chapel
of Keilcuain, near Parteen, which is a dependency of the said parish

'The word capella, I imagine, means '• chapelry," rather than "chapel."
othe wise why add " the whole of it "?— Tomline gives capellania for chapelry.

452 • DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

of St. Patrick. 4. The rectory of Caithirthiovathalla, or Cahirivahala.
5. The rectory of Imihghrinin, near Killmallock.

VI. To the archdeacon belong: — i. The rectorate of the parish
of St. Michael (outside the walls of Limerick). 2. The rectory of
Keildimo. 3. Clouincreu, or Cluoinchremha. 4. Ardagh entire.

VII. To the college of Vicars Choral of Limerick belong : — i.
The vicariate of the parish of St. Nicholas of Limerick. 2. The vicariate
of Rathiuird. 3. The vicariate of the Chriochourtha. 4. The vicariate
of Corcomoithid. ■;. The rectory of Kilmallock. 6. The rectory of
Keilmuallan. 7. The rectory of Cluoinelthy. 8. Cluoincagh. 9.
Chapel of Kilghobban. 10. Chapel Mineta. 11. Chapel of Magrainy
or Keilcagny.

VIII. To the college of Kilmallock belong :— i. The vicariate
of the college of Kilmallock. 2. The vicariate of Athnese. 3. Balling-
haddy. 4. Chapel of Saycaithile. 5. Chapel of Keilionan. 6. Chapel
of Dune-gaddy and Dune-joris. 7. Chapel Martell. S. Kilbeedy
Major. 9. Chapel of St. Martin.

IX. To the Corporation of the Mayor and Aldermen of Limerick
belongs the church of St. Laurence beyond St. John's Gate.

X. To the prebend of St. Munchin's belong :—i. The half part
of the fruits of the prebend — the other part to the vicar. 2. The
rectory of Keilnochon, or Kcilineunghe. 3. The rectory of the chapel
of Drehid-Tarsne. 4. The chapel of Keilchiomogan.

XL To the prebendary of Donoughmore belong : — i. The rectory
of the parish of Donoughmore. 2. The rectory of the parish of
Keiliele with its appendices. 3. The rectory of Ardpatrick.

XII. To the rectory of Kilpeacon belongs the rectory of the
chapel of Keilcuain of Aghennis.

XIII. To the rectory of Croom belong: — i. The rectory of
Cluonnana. 2. The chapel of Cnockdromaissel. 3. The chapel of
Dolla. 4. The chapel of Dunenamaun, or Tristan.

XIV. To the hospital belongs the chapel of Bruff.

XV. To the rectory of Rathronan belongs the chapel of Mount
Temple.

Note i. — The decanates in the diocese of Limerick are six,
viz., the decanate of Limerick, the decanate of Kilmallock, the decanate
of Adare, the decanate of Ballingarry, the decanate of Rathkeale.
and the decanate of Ardagh.

Note 2. — There are eleven prebends or canonries in the diocese
of Limerick.

1. The canonry or prebend of St. Munchins,) . ^, , , .

2. The canonry or prebend of Donoghmore, - ^" the decanate of

3. The canonry or prebend of Kilpeacon, ) Lmierick.

4. The canonry or prebend of Effin, ) In the decanate of

5. The canonry or prebend of Tullj^bracke / Kilmallock.

6. The canonry or prebend of Ballycahane, »

7. The canonry or prebend of Ardcanthy, '_ In the decanate of

8. The canonry or prebend of Disert, l Adare.

9. The canonry or prebend of Athnitt, '

^, ^ , r r- , < In the decanate of

10. The canonry or prebend of Croagh, - Ballingarry.

rr~, T„ J x T^ii J ^ In the decanate of

11. The canonry or prebend of Killeedy, - Ardagh.

APPENDICES.

453

H.

LIST OF PROVOSTS, MAYORS, AND BAILIFFS OF THE CITY,

From 1195 to 1509.

(Taken from Lenihan's History of Limeyick.)

1 195 John Spafford, elected and sworn on Monday after Michael-
mas Day, and to continue such till Monday after Michaelmas the
year following.

1 1 96 Alexander Barrett.

1 197 Henry Troy.

BAILIFFS.

John Bambery, Walter White.

MAYORS

1 197-8 Adam Sarvant,
1 1 99 Thomas Cropper

1 2 10 Roger Maij,

121 1 John Cambitor.

12 1 2 Walter Cropp,

1 21 3 Robert White.

1 2 14 Si ward Minutor.

12 1 5 Siwardus de Fferendona.

1 2 16 J. Russell, alias Creagh.

12 17 John Banbury.

12 18 John Fitz-Thomas Arthur, Nicholas Walsh, Nicholas Fitz-

Hui, A.

12 19 John Avenbru2:ger,

Fitzgerald gives the above name and date, on what authority I know not.
1230 Reynold de St Jacobo, Maurice Blund, Pierse Russell.

In page 23 of the Blm-k Book, Simon Herwarder is styled Mayor, anil Maurice-
Blund and Walter of Adare Provosts ; again, p. 40, Ruginild de Sto.
Jacobo is called Seneschal of Limerick.

123 1 Nicholas Fitzsimon,

1234 Geraldus Domiler.

1235 John de Hanco.

1236 John Poines.

1237 Henry Troy,

1238 Richard Millesowen.

From 1238 to 1255 sixteen Mayors are unknown, say Wliite
following appear in A. and'S.
1241 Nicholas Fitz-Thos. Arthur.
John White

John Bolingford, William Mac
John.

John White, Philip Rainbold.

MSS. ; but the

1258 Thomas Crop.

1259 Adam Serjeant.

1260 Henry Trov.

1261 Robert Juvenis (S.) for

Young ?) Robert Reym-
bold, Flexander Barret
(W.)
12G2 Reginald de St. Jacobo,

1263 John Russell, alias Creashe.

1264 John Banbery.

1265 Richard Troway,

1266 Geraldus de Mulier, S.

1267 John Hamilton (S. W.

Hampton, W.)

John Moore, Richard Reymbold.

Anlane O'None, Owen Moore, S.

454

DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

1268 Robert Poj^nes (W.)

1269 Henry Troy, W.

1270 Richard Milles Owen, \

1271 John White, W.,

1272 Gregory Wanybould, W.

1273 John Bambery, W.,

1274 Gilbert Fitz-Thomas, W.

1275 Geraldus Millis Owen,

1276 Edmund Longan,

John Moore, Richard Reymbold, S.
John Danyell, John Nash (S.)

Thom Albe, John Troy (S.)
Richard Whyte, Richard Laceye,

S.
Richard White, Gregory Winebald,

S.

A. gives Gregory Wynebald Mayor, and 'Wi
as bailitts.

de Rupe and John Daniel

1277 Gregory Vonbonde

bonde),

1278 Morris Lisborne, S.

1279 Gerald de Murley,

1280 Maurice Blund,

1 28 1 Richard Troy,

1282 Henry Troy,

1283 John Kildare,
12S4I Gerald Morles,
1285 Edmond Longane,

1294 Maurice Lisborn.

1295 Gerald de Morly,

1296 Richard Troy,

1297 Nicholas Fitzsimons.

1298 Gerald ]\Iorles.

1299 Richard Troy.

1300 John Kildare (second time

Mayor, Arthur IMSS.)
Gerald Domilier W.

1 301 John de Hanco.

1302 Robert Poines.

1303 Henry Troy,

1304 Richard ■\Iilles Owen.

1 305 John White,

1306 Thomas Banbury.

1307 William Loung,

1308 Robert Juvenis or Yong,

(Bon- William de Rupe, John Danyell, S.

Anlane O'Noyne, Owen Moore, S.
Anlane O'Novne, Owen Moore, S.
John Walsh, 'John Troy, S.
John Walsh, John Troy, S.
John Daniel, Thom. Ricolf, A.
Nicholas White, Richard Longane.
Nicholas White, Gregory Wainbold

Anlonus O'Neonau, Owen IMoore

S.
Nicholas Walsh, John Troy, S.

John White, Philip Troy, S.

John Moore, Richard Symbols.

Walter Jannell, Robert Warren.
Henry Troy, Alexander Barrett.

W. gives the following for 1308 and 1309 :

1308 Gregory Wambold,

1309 Gregory Wainbold,

1 3 10 John Bambery,

131 1 Rowland Troy according to

White, but according to
Arthur, Fitzjohn Albus
(or White),
''212 John Creagh of Adare says
White, but according to
Arthur, Gaylbardus de
Melen,

John Kildare, William Croppe.
William Clean, David Russell.
Walter White, Philip Rainbold.

Robert Long, Thomas Crop.

Richard Long, Thomas Winnebol.

1 No names are given for sixteen years, commencing 1284 and ending 1300, by
Sexten or Arthur. White supplies some names during these years.

APPENDICES.

455

13 1 3 Walter White says White,

but according to Arthur,
John de Langeton,

1 3 14 John Samtone,

Robert Troy,

131 5 Robert Juvenis,
Gregory Wambold,

1 3 16 John White,

Maurice de Lisborn,

13 17 Thos. Blake Kildare,
Gregory Wambold (White).

Thomas Crop, Nicholas Ricalf.

Thomas Croppe, Nicholas Ricolfe,
S.

Richard Loung, Thomas Wam-
bold, W.

Henry Troy, Alexander Barrett, S.

John Dannell, John Nash, W.

Nicholas Fitz-Thomas Blake and
William Fitz-Thomas Mouer, S.

Stephen Danniel, Flanus O'Harte-
gan, W.

John Wigmor, John Troy, S.

From 1318 to 1328, Scxten gives no list. White gives the following :—

1318 Nicholas White. William

Prendergast, according to
III. Just. It. 44, 45 Hen.

1 3 19 Phihp Rainbold.

1320 Thomas Bambery.

1 32 1 Richard Loung.

1322 Walter White, Owen Moore, Richard Milles Owen.

1323 Roger de Lisborn.

1324 John Fitz- John White,

1325 John Fitz-John Le Blunt,

Hugo Woedfor, Laynach.) .

John Hamond, Daniel Martell.| " '

White gives for 1324 and 1325, Thomas Kiklarc and Richard Miles Owen,
Mayors.

1326 Jolm White,

1327 Gregory Wainbold,

1328 Henry Troy,

1329 Greg. Wyneband,

Nicholas Black, William Moore, W.
John Daniel, John Nash.
John White, Philip Wembold.
William Blunde, David Russell.

A. and S., but according to White, Richard Milles Owcu, Jolm Moore, and
Richai-d Rembold.

1330 Greg. Wyneband,
John White,

1 33 1 Greg. Wyneband,

John of Kildare and William Cropp

(A. and S.)
John Moore, John Rembold

(White).
William de Rupe, John Daniell.

From 1302 to 1349, Sexten gives no names ; Arthur gives sonic, and White
the following :—

1332 Thomas Bambery,

1333 Greg. Wainbold,

1334 Thomas Black, of Kildare,

1335 Richard Milles Owen,

Thomas Tallow, John Howse.
\Villiam de Rupe, John Daniel.
John Vigmore, John Troy.
John Rembold, Richard Rembold.

Sexten states that John Daniel was mayor this year, James Moore,
John Massic, bailiffs.

1336 John White,

1337 Greg. Wainbold,

Richard Noxthine, John White, W.
John Daniel, John Nash.

456

DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

According to Arthur, the persons following— John of Kildare, John Daniel]
Thomas Ricolf .

1338 John Kildare, A. W.,

1339 Thomas Kildare,

1340 Richard Miles Owen,

1 341 Thomas Bambery,

1342 Robert White,

1343 Gregory Wambold,

1344 Simon Bouir,

Gregory de Lisborn, W.

1345 Nicholas Fitz-Thomas,

Nicholas Symons, John Troy, A.
Richard Troy, Nicholas Howse, W.
John Fleming, Laurence Daniel, W.
Thomas Taylor, John Howse, W.
John Daniel, John Nash, W.

Richard Miles Owen, Thomas de
Rannecks, A.

Simon Coney,
1346 Nicholas Fitz-Symons

Martin Fitz-Thomas, William

More, A.
Richard Miles Owen, Thomas de

Knock, W.
Nicholas Tabernator, Thomas

White, A.
W. gives John Bambury as mayor.

1347 John Croft, W.,

1348 Richard Miles Owen, senior,

Owen, of

Adam Moore, Richard Reymbald,
A. W.
1349 Richard Miles

Emly, Rd. F. Thomas,John Loftus, A.

M'hite gives Thomas Silver, Richard Troy, and Nicholas Hussey.

Richard Fitzthomas, John Loftus,

W.
John, Moore, Richard Rembold,

W.

Martin Fitz-Thomas, William

1350 Richard Millisse of Emly,

1351 Robert Creagh,

1352 Nich. Fitz-Thomas,

1353 Nicholas Fitzsimon,

1354 John Nash (W.),

1355 Nicholas Black, of Kildare,

1356 John Kildare,

1357 Rd. Bultingfourd,

Moore, A.
Wm. FitzAdam More, Maurice

FitzRichard FitzThomas, A.
Thomas Troy, ]\Iw. Howse, of

Hunlin, S.
John Vigoner, Richard Rembold,

W.
Richard Fitzsimon, Thomas Trov,

W.
Henry Croyn, Branden Valens.

(A. and S.)

1358 John Crofte (S.),

W liite gives John Baltingf ord, Henry Troy, and Branden Valens.

1359 Rd- Milles Owen, Rd. Fitz-Thomas, Henry Croyn

(A.)
This mayor was sworn in on the festival of St. Senan the Bishop.— A. MSS.

1360 Rd. Milles Owen, jun., A.W.

1 361 Nicholas Bakkecar,

1362 Robt. Creaughe S.
^3(^3 John Bambery,
1364 Thos. Pill,

1366 John Fitz-Thomas Arthur,
1366 Thos. Bambery,

John Ffleminge, Laurence Daniel »

A.
John Wigmor, John Troy, A.

Wm. Longe, John White, S.
Walter Gilbert, Roger White, S.
Rd. Nashe, John White, S.
Rd. Dony, Robt. Lisborne, S.

APPENDICES.

457

1367 John Bultingfourd,

1368 Gilbert Fitz-Thomas,

1369 John White,

1370 Gilbert F. Thomas Blake,

1 37 1 Robt. Creaugh, S.,

1372 John Arthur, S.,

1373 Nicholas Blackader,

These were officers

1374 Rd. Milles Owen,

137s Wm. Bambery,

1376 Rd. Bultinfourd,

1377 Thomas Kildare,!

1378 William White,

1379 Thomas Kildare,

1380 Rd. Bultingford,

1 38 1 John Banbery.

1382 John White, "

1383 Richd. Troy,

1384 Thomas Kildare,
13S5 Thom. Pill,

1386 Richard Bultingfourd,
138Q John White,
1388 Thomas Malby,
X389 John White,

1390 Richard Baltingford,

1 39 1 John ^Thite,

1392 John Kildare,

1393 Thomas Kildare,

1394 Thomas Kildare,

1395 Walter Daniel, W.,

1396 Richard BuUingfourd,

1397 Thomas Kildare,

1398 Thomas Kildare,

1399 Nicholas Black,

1400 John Arthur,

John Vigmor, Rd. Skiner, S.
Dominick Cricke, William Man, W.
Richard Nnphine, John White, W.
John Creaugh, John Troy, A.
John Arthur, W.
David Cricke, Thom. White, A.
John Wigmore, John Troy.

A.D. 1362, 12th Aiigust, S.

John Ffleminge, I^aurence Daniell.

S.
Wm. Longe, John White, S.
Thom. Pill, Roger White, S.
Wm. Longe, Rd. Grant, S.
Thomas Barkley, John Man, W.
Thomas White, Thomas Spicer, S.
Peter O'Cullen, Brandon

O'Hurtigane, S.
Wm. Longe, Thom. Tavlor, S
Richard Nopthyrein, John Whyte

de Ballysheada, A.
Nich. Woulfe, John Trov, S.
William Longe, Richard Grand, S.
Mathew Long, Roger White, A.
Nich. Gough, Nich. Scourlock, A.
John Spaiifourd, Roger White, A.
John Cassv, Richard Wigmor, S.
Roger White, Thomas White.
PierceCallan, Brandon O'Hartigan.

John Carter. John White, Alanus

O'Noyn, A.
John Man, John Carter.
John Sraws, Alanus O'Noyn, A.
John Grante, John Carter, S.
John Grant, Philip IModdii, S. A.
Brandanus O'Hethigan Petrus

O'Cullan, A.
Richard Wale, William Yonge, A.
Nicholas Walsh, Richard Mason.
John Vigoner, John Moody. W.
Richard Troy, John Moddii, A.

luch
le to
lints
s of

lOnc of this name (Kildare) was representative for the rountv and citv of
Limerick in the parliament of Edward III.. A.n. 137(>. at W,>stiniiist<-r

[Between the Sexten and Arthur and the Whili' "\TSS roll ihr '
discrepaucy from 1357 to 1483, which I have oiuh n \ ,nii( d',-,- t;ir 1-
adjust by a careful comparison of the rolls. In r<Ni<lirm iImm- .•,,niii>(
u the chief magistrates of Limerick, wc are rcinindcd ,,( \v1j;ii 1 1
those of Rome: "Tanti implicant errores teniporuni it noininuin ui 1
sules fuerint secundum quosdam ordinarcs, nee." etc. '• So manv iiii-iikps
about persons and dates embarrass one, that vou can neither tdi w Ik. wove,
*^?wu\^i^F others, nor." etc. However, there i's nearlv a perfect airrccinent in
all the MSS. rolls from 1483 down to lfi36 and 1««. when s! and A end Arthur
^^'9"^ appear to have had access to Seldens roll, which he margins sometimes
with E. S He quotes ancient MSS. for his roll. Sir James Ware, family monu-
ments and records, etc., etc] i^miii monu

458

DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

1401

Peter Loftus,

1402 Thomas Spicer,

1403 John Arthur,

1404 John Arthur, 27th June.
John Spofford, 6th Dec, A.,

1405 Thomas Kildare,

1406 (Wanting in S. A. W.)

1407 Thomas Comyn,

1408 Thomas Comyn,

1409 Thomas Comyn,

1410 John Bambery,

141 1 Thomas Troy, A. W.,

1412 (Wanting in S. A. W.),

1413 Thomas Comyn,

1414 Thomas White,

141 5 Peter Loftus,

1416 Thomas Comyn,

141 7 Thomas Comyn,

141 8 John Gale, alias Spafford,

1419 John Spafford,

Swori-. the first Wednesday afte

1420 Richard Troy,

1 42 1 Thomas Arthur,

1422 Richard Troy,
1423 Spafford,

1424 Pires Loftus,

1425 Richard Troy,

1426 Thomas Arthur,

1427 Nicholas Stritch,

1428 Thomas Comyn, W.

1429 (Wanting in S. A. and W.)

1430 Richard Troy,

1 43 1 William Arthur,

1432 John Spafford,

1433 Thomas Bambery,

1434 William Wailsh,

1435 Richard Fox,

1436 Nicholas Arthur, A.S.W.

1437 William Yong,

1438 Thomas Comyn,

1439 Walter Yong,

1440 William Arthur,

1 44 1 William Arthur,

1442 Nicholas Arthur,

John Budston, John Fitz-Robert

Crevagh, A.
Thomas Comyn, John Whyte, A.
Thomas Comyn, Philip Lawless, A.

John Moddy, Peter O'Cullan, A.
Richard Troy, Nicholas Fitz-Howe,

S. A. W.
Philip Callane, John Moddy, W.
Thomas Arthur, Nicholas Walsh,

A.
Thomas Arthur, Nicholas Walsh,

W.
Thomas Arthur, Nicholas Walsh,

A.
William Long, John White, A.
Richard White, Nicholas Howell,

A.
Nicholas Walsh, A.
Philip Lawless, Richard White, A.
Richard White, Peter Loftus, A.
William Budston, John Crevagh,

A.
John Nagle, Nicholas Walsh, A.
Richard White, Peter I,oftus, A.
Richard White.William Harold, A.
Nicholas Palliel, John Moddy, A.
■ the Feast of Corpus Christi, A.
Peter Loftus, John Troy, A.
Patrick Cogan, Thomas Barton, W.
Pires Loftus, John Troy, W.
Richard Arthur, William Harold,

W.
John Creaugh, William Buston, A.
William Creaugh, John Borton, W.
Nicholas Walsh, John Rede, A.
Edmond Harrold, Philip Nagle, W.

Patrick Cogan, Philip Russell,

A. W.
Robert Warren, John Loftus, W.
Richard White, William Harold,

W.
John Cassy, Richard Vigoner, W.
William Loftus, Thomas Fox, W.
John Loftus, Robert Nagle, W.
John Husshie, John Cromwell, A.S,
Edmund Howell, Philip Midchael.

A.
Philip Russell, John Axdy, A
Robert Warren, Laurence Scott, A.
Robert Waring, John Loft.
Robert Nangle, Richard Galway,

A.
Patrick Turger, Robert Warren, S.

APPENDICES.

459

1443 Richard Ffox,

1444 Nicholas Arthur,

1445 Richard Arthur,

1446 Nicholas Arthur,

1447 William Loftus, W.

1448 William Comyn,

1449 William Arthur,

1450 Thomas Arthur,

1451 Richard Arthur,

1452 Nicholas Arthur,

1453 Thomas Burthon,

1454 Nicholas Arthur,

1455 William Longe,

1456 Edmund Howell,

1457 Nicholas Arthur,

1458 Nich. Arthur, A.W.,

1459 William Comyn,

1460 Richard Arthur,

1461 Patrick Torger, A.W.,

1462 Nich. Fitz-Thomas Arthur,

1463 Nicholas Arthur, A.W.S.,

1464 Nicholas Arthur,

1465 Patrick Torger,

1466 Thomas Arthur,

1467 Thomas Arthur,

John Lofts, Robert Nangyll, A.
John Lofts, Edmond Harold, S.
John Loftus, Robert Nagle.
John Loft, Edmond Howers.

Robert Waring, John Rede, jun.,

A.
Patrick Cogane, Robert Nangle, A.
John Creagh, David Arthur, W.
Edmond Howell, Robert Nangle.
John Long, Patrick Torger, A.
Patrick Vogane, Thomas Budstone

A.
John Lofts, Edmd, Harold, S.
David Creagh, John Comyn, S.
John Verdune, William Whyte, A.
John Roch, John Verdun, A.
Maurice Roch, John Arthur, W.
Patrick Fox, Richard Fanning,

A.W.
John Arthur, William Young, S.A.
Richard Stretch, Anlenus

O'Neonen, A.
Philip Troy, Walter Whyte, A.W.
Peter Arthur, John Dondon, A.
John Fitz-William, Arthur, John

Marshall, A.
Gerald Tews, William Whyte, A.
James Creagh, John Stackpol, A.
Patrick Arthur, Richard Stretch,

A.

This year being the nineteenth of Edward IV.. David fanning was
Assessor of Limerick.— A. MSB.

1468 William Comyn,

.1469 Thomas Arthur,

1470 Henry Creagh, S.,
David Creagh, W.

1 47 1 John Arthur,

1472 Patrick Arthur,

1473 William Comyn

1475 David Creagh,

1474 John Arthur,

1476 Patrick Arthur,

1477 Daniel Crevagh,

1478 Thomas Arthur,

1479 Thomas Arthur,

1480 John Arthur,

1 48 1 John Comyn,

1482 David Arthur,

3483 John Fitz-Nicholas Arthur,

John Stackpol, William Verdune.

A.
John Creagh, Daniel Arthur, A.W.
Garret Woulfe, William White, W.

John Comyn, John Stackpool, A.

John Waring, Thomas Woulfe, A.

John Stackpol John Verdon, W.

Edmond Arthur, William Crom-

John Stackpol, John Comyn.
well, W.

Edward Arthur, William Crom-
well, A.

Edward Arthur, William Crom-
well, A.

Edmund Torger, David Miagh, A.

John Warren, David JMidchell, A.

John Creavagh, David Arthur, A.

George Arthur, Walter Arthur, A.

William Comyn, David Miagh, A.

John Fitz-William Comyn,
William Fitz-Richard Crevagh.

460

DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

1484 Walter Whyte, S.A.W..

Maurice Stackpol,
Richford, S.

Philip

This was the first of the Whites of Ballyconnell that came to Limerick.-
>* . MSS.

148 1 William Harold,
i486 John Arthur,

1487 John Arthur,

1488 David Creagh,

1489 Thomas Arthur, A.W.

1490 Patrick Arthur,

1 49 1 David Creagh,

1492 Maurice Stackpol,

1493 Edmund Longe,

Edmund Longe,

1494 Geo. Fitz-Nicholas Arthur

1495 Edmond Longe,

1496 George Comyn,

1497 George Comyn,

1498 William Harrold,

1499 David Roche,

The city sent this David and Richard Serjent, its orators, to Henry "VII. A
violent contention arose between him and his successor, Philip Stackpol,
relative to the succession to the mayoraltj'. — A. MSS.

John Everard, Richard Fitz-
Nicholas Creagh.

Robert Stackpol, Edmond Comyn.

Richard Harrold, Thomas Crom-
well.

Robert Roche, Nicholas Bonevyle.

Nicholas Lawless, Nicholas Fitz-
John Arthur, John Lewis or
Lawless.

Nicholas Creagh, Nicholas Roch-
ford.

Richard Whyte, Richard Sergeant.

Nicholas Harrold, Nicholas Ryce.

Thomas Young, Richard Sargeant.

David Comvn, Richard Boncovle^

John Stackpol, Richard Stritch,.
William Cromwell, Myles Arthur,

A.
William Cromwell, Myles Arthur,

A.
Edmond Long, Nicholas Nangyll,

A.W.
Christopher Arthur, John Whyte,

W.
George Comyn, Pierce Rice, W.
David Roche, Christopher Arthur.
William Arthur, Edmund Nangyll,

A.W.
David Roche, Walter Harold,

Thomas Stackpol.
Nicholas Whyte, David Verdune.
Richard Fox, David Meyagh.
David Roche, Walter Herol,,

Thomas Stackpol.
Richard Fitz-David Creagh,

Thomas Stackpool.
Richard Fitz-David Creagh,

Thomas Stackpool.
Nicholas Stretch, John Fitz-

William, Whyte.
Thomas Roche, John Stackpol.

1500 Philip Stackpol.

1 501 Christopher Arthur,

1502 John Creagh,

1503 Nicholas Stretch,

1504 Nicholas Stretch,

1505 William Harrold (2nd time)

1506 William Arthur,

1507 William Creagh,

1508 Richard Fitz-Patrick Fox,

1509 Nichs. Thos. Fitz-W. Arthur,

INDEX.

Abbeyfeale

Adare . 13.

145.

17

229

Church

194

Manor

177.

213

Addouan .

162

Aenach Cairpre

18

Aenach ChuU

20

Agath

164

i6s

Ahawilk

169

Ahern, Denis of Ard canny

285

Aliaghan River .

25

Annates

286

Anhid . .120,

193.

266

Ansel m, St.

71

Appletown .

i6s

Aqua de Eustace (Bishop)

199

Ara River .

2;

Archdeacon of Diocese

129

Archer, John

211

Ardagh,

17

105, 129, 144, 163,

272,

328

ChaUce

106

INIanor, Townlands of

204

Ardranny

119

190, 268, 28s,

300,

306

Ardevolan .

95

Ardfynan .

170

Ardinir

1 20,

160

Ardivilmartin

192

Ardnacrohy

162

Ardnegallag (Knock) .

148

Ardpatrick . .88

190

192

Church

95

Ardryn

160

Ardsyran .

170

Arthur, Thomas (Bishop)

301

Askeaton

• 9

18

25. 89, 134. 193.

224,

296

Athea

158

Athlacca . .166,

192,

211

Manor .

177

Athneasv Church

192,

Manor 183, :

II,

288

Athiseal (Athassel)

S9.

131

Augustinian Monasteries—

-

Adare .

365

Rathkeale

366

19,

212,

309.

BalHnegaul (Priory)
Balhnena .
Balhngaddy . 192

BaUingarry

193, 269, 298
Ballybeg .
Ballyboher .
BaUycahane
Ballycanan
Ballychorchiani
Ballyclogh
BaUycoleman
BaUycomane
Ballycoinmon
Ballyculhane
BaUydahy .
Ballyegna .
Ballyhahill .
Ballyhathern
BaUygiveran
Ballygrennan
BaUymahs .
Ballymorrough
Ballynash .
Ballynabearna
Ballvnantv (Mor)
' .. ' (Beg)
Bally Marcada
Ballypierce
Ballysheedy
Banbhan, St.
Beaghan Hugh, Bishop of

Scattery .
Bealus

Bellaghdromar
Beretcheart, St.

Tombstone
Bermingham, Sir Walter
Berouse de William
Betagii
Bilboa
Black Castle
Blund, Nicholas
Blunt, Robert
Boolaveeda
Boscher
Bothirehagard

355
162
285
68,

335

162
158
190
148
124

131
172

22
158
173
163

17

21
162
160
148
158
163
15S
162
148
148
124
162
149

63

149
109
97
98
i«3

QO
156
24
22

166
161

54
160
184

462

DIOCESE OF LIMERICK

PAGE

PAGE

Brendan of Birr

41

Cathal

26

Brendan, St., life .

50

Cathedral, St. Mary's

76,

128

Brian Boru

67

Historv'of .

378

Braosa

86

Catherine, St., of O'Conyl

191

Brigown

26

St., Abbey .

374

Browne, Thomas

144

Ceannfeabharat .

26

Bruce invasion .

219

Celsus

96

Bruff

121

Celtic Church

126

Cliurch

263

Chanluayn, John

285

Bruree

7. 17

.69,

Chapter, Liberties of .

141

70. 79. 95. 133. I

74. 189,

312

Chapter

128

Bunoke

25

Charleville .

2?

Burgh, Richard .

174

Churches of Diocese, List

of'

246

Burgo, Hubert .

307

Churches of the Diocese

180

Burgo, de WilUam

87, 88

89

Ciaran of Clonmacnoise

41. 42

Cladh Dubh na Ratha .

25

Clare, Gilbert

."

216

Caenraighe, sec Kenry.

de Richard

220

Cahair Cuan

69

de Thomas 144

, 166

216

Caher River

23

Clarina

187

Caherass

24.

1 4. 1

Claronaedugan

124

Caherchincon

18

Cleirchen .

78

Caherdavin

90,

148

Cleanglass .

5. 49, 84

Cam-Feradhaigh

29

Clee Ruadg

25

Caherlevoy

1 7

Cliu Mail .

12

Cahernarry

29, 90

133

Cloinrlouthny

158

Cahervally .

.

124

Cloghau

19

Cairbre, son of Cleirchei

1

78

Cloonana .

193

268

Cairbre, Eva

2,

10

Clonagh . . 112,

140.

190

Caislen Nua

155

Cloncagh . 28, 102

105,

271

Calathawa .

.

97

Cloncrew . . 10 1,

270,

310

Callan (battle) .

.

153

Clondnnagh

148

Calgauthe .

165

Clonmakin

90,

148

Camus Chapel

263

Clonmacnoise

48

Cantelon, Thomas

306

Cloncourtha (Coleman's Well

138

Cantreds of Limerick

232

Clonelty

103

Cannera, St.

41

144. 193.

212,

271

CantiUon, Adam

169

Cloonmore .

169

Capaghtiemore .

148

Clonnawyl .

140

Cappa

189.

271

Clonshire . . 113,

140,

190

Capella, Henry .

169

Manor, Townlands of

203

David .

160

Clouncarnan

158

David .

169

Cluonidublach

124

Henry .

160

Clouthran, John

159

Cardiff, William de

129

Cluenclaidmech .

102

Camarrie .

29

Cluin Credhuil

46

Carnagh

160

Cogan

86

Casey

170

Coigne and Livery

.

221

Cashel

82

Colomiregan, Canon

129

Cassidon

41

Coleman's Well . 97,

138,

311

Cassidan

39

Comogue .

24

Castle Blathac .

148

Connelloe .

153

Castleblake

148

Coolcappa .

.

17

Castle Connell

88

Coolcronogue

17

Castledonnell

148

Coonagh

148

Castlerobert . i^

V. 194.

267

Corbally

.

149

INDEX.

463

PAGE

PAGE

Corcaoiche . . 23,

161,

326

Domnal, son of WacLochlain 78

Corcomroe .

39

Donegan

20

Corcoiche .

3,48

Donnchadh

78

Corca Mohoid

7

145

Donovan

• 67

171

269

310

Dooally

. 162

Corcomohide

287

Doondonncll

193. 312

Cor mac MacCuillenan .

43

Dowyll

• 163

Conaill, Hy or Vi

2, 3

Drehidtarsna

113. 267

Costello, Michael, Rev.

.

287

Dromcollogher

102, 269

Coterel, Ismaena

.

162

Dromin

- II, 20,

Cotheini

.

128

79. 129, 131.

303, 30'>

Courtbrack

149

Drommoluba

129, 131

Crag

159

Drominycarra

• 165

Cratloe

148

Drumassal Church

. 265

Creagh, Andrew .

312

Drumdel (Toomdeely)

• 138

Creagh, Peter (Bishop)

208

Drumroe

• 163

Creagh, WilUam (Bishop)

299

Drumtrasna

. 163

Crean

165

Dubhcenn .

66

Crecora . i 20,

145.

312

Dunan

72

Cresdire

169

Duncaha

. 160

Crewe, Iwally

149

Dunchath .

. 69

Crispin, Thomas .

159

Dundon, John

• 304

Croagh

8,

133.

Dimdonald, Robert (Bishop) 1S8

164, 173, 190, 271,

29s.

297

Dundonenald, William.

. 161

Croom 177, 193. 194.

297,

308

Dungair

18

Cromlech .

20

Dun Eochair Mhaighe

.17, 69

Cromman .

169,

268

Dunkip

• 193

Cropp. Walter .

133

Dunmoylan

10. ^93

Cuilne

48

Dunnaman

. 266

Cuirbin

59

Dunnow, John (Bishop)

• 307

Cummian Foda, St., Life

52

Dysert, Angus .

. 113.

Curioth (Peter Bishop) .

208

190, 266
Drvnan

,297.312
9, 159

Daar River

25

Dyere

. 169

Danes burn Kilpeacon

.

66

Mungret .

66

,, Christianity among

.

71

Eas Geibhtine

9. 18

in Hy Fidhgente

.

65

Echu Ballderg .

30

Darragh . . 141,

192,

313

Edmuud (Bishop)

• 130

Darcey, Viceroy

222

Effin 145, 174, 190,

208, 298

David, St., Wales

.

75

Emly

79

Deel River

24

Emlygrennan

92, 190

Desmond, Manrice of

219

Escluuana,

13

Dermot MacMorrough .

82

Manor of

. 186

Dermoho .

141

Eugenians

. 84

Derrin

161

Deryndromcarme

161

Derrygalvin . 191

285

303

Farannan of Armagh

• 65

Desibeg

13

175

Farrengallagh

• 149

Diarmuid .

20

Farrenkelly

. 148

Disert Mic Cuilin .

71

Farrenshone

. 148

Dollas

266

Fedamore . 190,

307. 312

Dolmen

20

Feale

25

Dominicans

346

Fidhgente, Topography of, Chap. i.

Donaghmore

18

, 120

,, Manners and Customs of

129, 19c

, 211

,299

Chap u.

464

DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

PAGE

PAG 2

Fidhgcnte, Introduction of

Glenagown

161

Christianity, Chap iii.

Glenengrosse

I4S

„ Monastic Foundations of

Glenmore .

22

Chap iv.

Glennestar .

162

,, Invasion of the Danes

Chap V.

Glengort

162

,, Domestic affairs of

79

Glenogra

154,

65, 191

• 297

Filpagan, Ciaria .

• 144

Glengort

5

Findchua (St.) .

26

Glenquin .

162

Finn :Mac Cumhil

23

Glin

311

Finne

31

Goer, Margaret

159

Finnoe

. 158

Gortcolgyn

7

Fitzanthony, Thomas .

• 153

Gortscagh .

169

Fitzgerald, AmabiUa .

145. 171

Gortcoythe

4

John

• 144

Gortculligon

7

Juliana 145,

171, 213

Gortmolkeran

160

Fit.zgibbon .

• 334

Graigue

24

Fitzhenry .

• Sy

Granagh

161

Fitzjohn, John

159, 169

Grange

272

Fitzmaurice, Thomas

152, 153

Church

192

Maurice .

. 169

Grey, John (Bishop)

147

Fitzmartin, William .

144

Fitzmilon, Gerald

• 144

Hackett Robert

162

Fitzrobert, Henry

. 160

Harold, Stephen

313

First Fruits

. 286

Harold

66

Fitzstephen

82, 86

Holy Wells

61

Fitztahkard Archibald

. 166

Henry II. .

81

Fitzthomas, John 145,

152, 171

Hospitallers

194

361

,, Death of

. 216

Howardstown

174

Flander, Adae

• 144

Hubert (Bishop)

131

Flaherty, Abbot

• 43

Hy Conaill

89

Fleming, Walter

. 169

Hy Fidhgente

84

125

Foynes

31, 80

Folan, John (Bishop) .
Fox, John
Franciscan Houses : —

Limerick

Friarstown .

Askeaton

Adare .

Ballingarry .

• 309

. 285

■ 355
357
357

• 359
- 360

Inchoman .

Iniscarra

Inis Cathaigh (Scatter

land) . .
Inis Sibhton
Ita, St.
Ivar
veru

V Is-'
' • 38

4

14.

122
40

388
67

. 44
66

1 12

Free tenants

. 156

Frybeigh
Fulachta Fiann .

. 148

23

John (King) 86.

87. 88,

147

John's, St., Church

123

191

John St. John

131.

132

Garad

23

James, St. (Adare)

191

Garran

• 159

James, Earl of Desmond

321

Garbally .

. 169

Gebennach (King)

• 6s

Kantogher

.

165

Gerald (Bishop) .

. 141

Kardyf Tvrrel

140

Geraldines .

152

Keale

24

Geoffrey (Bishop)

• IjO

Keilnacailly

119

Gillebert .

72

Kellonachan

124

Glancorby . . 10,

132, 159

Kelly, Ralph (Arch.) .

200

Glenagower

160

Kenealy

65

Gleande Church .

. 267

Kenry ,

14. 5

9, 173.

325

INDEX.

465

Keynsham (Monastery)

PAGE

133

Kilbradran

Kilbegly

Kilbreedy

Kilconlea

Kilconegan

Kilcoora

Kilcornan .

Kilcosgrave

Kilscroscran

Kilcoleman

Kilcurly

Kilderry

Kildecolum

Kildimo

Killeely

Killeeline
Killeedv
66

193

194.

9. 159.
28S, 3"

• 175
191, 313

. 162

19. 175

. 165

118, 138,

12, 267, 285, 295

• 159

• 159

• 193
6, 194, 267

. 166
17, 129 268
•9, 190, 268
122, 129,
148, 300, 307, 308, 310
164
. 6, 44,
05, 155, 164. 190. 211,
285, 298, 306
Killeihm .

17.

Kilgobbin .
Kilfergus (Glin)
Kilfinnane
Kilfinny
Kilfintanan
Killilagh

Kill Ita (Killeedy)
Kilkenrro .
Kilkeedy 191.

Kilkenny, Statute of
Kilmacow .
Kilmallock (Priory)
Church

(9.

113-

93, 94
Burgesses of
Townlands of
Town of
Castle of .
Names of streets
there

• 132
:32, 26S
09, 140
18, 192
90, 271

190, 285, 310

6, 192, 274

. 65

. 165

208, 298, 311

226

. 269

• 352
308

. 179

. 179

178, 335

91

Kilmeedy .

Kilmoylan

Kilmurry

Kilmurly .

Killnahan

Killogholehan

Kilpeacon

Kilquane .

Kilready

Kilrodane .

Kilrush

Kilscalbeg .

Kilscoly

179
270
3"
303
109, 140
116, 265
00, 192, 3"
22, 190, 312
96, 175, 190, 191
170
162
190
132
132

• 304.
39. 191.

[22, 148,

Kilscannell

190, 212,
Kilulta
Kilteely
Kiltanna
Kilkyrely .
Knights Templars
Knight of Glyn
Knock

Knockbalytornse
Knockbrack
Knockea
Knockinishin
Knockeveny
Knockainey
Knocknabooly
Knockpatrick
Knockrathdermot, also
Knockroedermot

PAGE

140,

, 308

117

27
133
116
361
232
148
140
162

29
148
158
170
140

27

5, 162

174. 231

. 312

72

• 159
. 206
. 65

169
52

• 159
. 16s

Lacy

Lacy, Ugo

Lan franc

Laundry Gilbert

Lawless, Stephen (Bishop)

Lee, Timothy, Rev.

Lee, De Maurice

Leithmore .

Lees, Robert

Levimore .

Legger, Thomas (Bishop) 294, 299

Lisredy . . • .146

Lismakeery . . 9. iS9. i?3

Lismatleth .

Lisnacullia .

Lissatotan .

Limerick, Synod at

(City), Affairs of
., (City), Customs
,, Grievances

Charter to 151

City . (>T, 83, 84

Diocese . 71. 75

Lissoleem . . . 18, 20, 22

Lonan, Chieftain of Hy Fidh-

gente
London, Maurice

Richard . .162

Richard of . -132

Lougig . . • .164

Lough Gur 17, 19. 20. 69, 84

Loughill no, 140. 144. ^IZ, 313

Manor . . . 204

,, Free Tenants of 205
II ,, Townlands of 205

2 H

161

322

289
314
149
150
231. 235

28
159

466

DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

Loughgill Manor, Betagii
Lucy, Anthony .
Luachra Mountains

McCarthy . 82, i

MacEnery, Denis

Macnamara, Matthew

MacSeehy .

Macclache, John

Magdublanca

Magmor

Magreny . . . 8,

Mahoonagh 164, 193, 217, 270,

,, Manor

Mahon
Maigue
Mainsteranenagh 19, 191, 227;

„ Abbey of

Malloy ....

Maltravers, John . 173,

Mantan, Deacon
Manors, Anglo-Norman
Mareschal, Le Maurice
Maria Rotunda .
Marisco, Geoffrey 134-138,

„ John
Martin, St.
Marks, Le .
Mary, St., Limerick

Rathkeale
Mary, Edward, Sts., and the

Holy Cross Monastery
Maunsel, Thomas
Maurice, Earl of Desmond .
Moyavenach (Mahoonagh)
Moycroo . . • -133

Meaghan .... 5

Mayncroo (Croagh) . .164

Meane . . 169, 302, 329

Meigah, Robert . . .146

Meranus Chapel . . . 266

Miagh, WiUiam . . 308

Moanlena . . • .170

Molanfide Monastery . .141

Molua, St. ... 56, 93

Monagea . 5, 22, 212, 272

Monateries . . 59

Monastic Foundations . 34

Monagay . . 212, 272, 302

Monehuryn . . • 267

Morgans . . .110

Mornane . . . • I94

Mothel, John (Bishop) . 288

Mount Collins ... 5

Moylish . . .148

IMulkear River ... 24

223

25

154
287
300
322
308
124
109
271
334
169
68
24
287
337
68

231
28
152
144
123
141
174
123
174
191
191

370
166

335
6

Munimartha
Munchin, St.

PAGE
. 124

58, 71. 123.

129, 190, 296, 297, 307, 312

Mungret Manor . . . 201

,, Betagii . . 201

,, Townlands of . 201

,, Free tenants of 202

29, 34, 129,

131, ^33. 138. 189, 306
Murtagh O'Brien . . 72

Myles (Bishop) . . .146

Nanagh, Le

. 161

Nangle, Alan

. 164

Nantenan

8, 140

Nectan, Kenfhoda

41

Nessan, St.

28, 34

Newcastle West

9. 155. 32S

Newcastle Manor 161, 219, 220, 228
Church . 192, 272

Newtown . . . .186

Nicholas, St. (Church) . 132

Normans . . . 81, 86

5. 161,
82, 83

78,

O'Broggv, Thomas

O'Billery .

O'Bathan .

O'Brien, Donald

O'Cathail, Florence

O'Connelly, Maurice

O'Coggran, Maurice

O'ColUns .

O'Cholchur

O'Casey

O'Connor, Roderic

O'Clery

O'Connuyle, Thady

O'Dea, Cornelius (Bishop)
Mitre of .
Crozier of
Black Book of ,
Taxation of Diocese of
Cornelius, of Kilmoylan

O'Donwys .

Odran

O'Doncha, Thomas

O'Donnells

O'Dwyer, William

O'Flinagayn, William

O' Fergus

O'Gallawhore

O'Gawyr .

O'Hogan, Donald

O'Hanranin, Maurice

O'Hurly, Maurice

285

79
327

84
28s
296
28s

84
145
170

78

78
286
241
243
243
244
246
295
164

43
286

69
285
306
332
9
160
285
308
312

INDEX,

467

PAGE

PAGE

O'Keeffe. Tadeus

312

Robertstown

159.

306

O'Leayn, Gilbert

297

Robert (Bishop)

188

Old Abbey

374

Rochfort, Maurice (Bishop)

200

231

OlioU Olum

I,

18

, 26

Rocheford, Maurice

145.

176

O'Lynch, Cornelius

296

Rooska

162

O'Leayn, James

296

Rosmide

44

Olybane

8

Rossbrien .

149

O'Maloney, William

309

Russell Chapel .

267

O'Malley .

13

Russell, Thomas

306

O'Mayl

I.

n

149

O'Mulcorkery, Gerald
Arch.

313
211

Samhain (Knock Sowna)
Shanrath

26
169

O'Noonan, Richard

Oolagh

O' Regan, Thomas

Organization of Diocese

O'Riordan, Thomas

170
3"

25
140
128
287

Say Chapel
Saunford, Archbishop
Senan, St. .
Shanabooley
Shanavoha 'Church

266
174
38
148
269

Oresser (Iverus) .

133

Shanagolden

. F

III,

O'Ronayn, James
Osyche, Thomas
O'Scanlan, Maurice

310
285
313

129, 205,
Shanid . . 10,
Battle of
]\Ianor .

299.
154.

306
323
66
157

Townlands of

158

Patrick, St., in Hy Fidhgent

e

27

Saviour's, St., Limerick

.

346

Penrys, John

144

Sergant

89

Perell, John

310

Singland 121, 129,

132,

190

Peter, St., Convent

Z77

Sixmilebridge

352

Portesbury, Adam

161

Slane, Philip

.

166

Prendergast, Philip

174

SUeve, Riach

26

Priorsland .

I.

is

149

Solohead

67

Prisage

163

Stack, John

298

Pulcherius, St. .

51

Stackpoole, Richard (Bishop

Purcell. Robert .

160

elect)

307

Hugh .

173

Strafford

86

Purgatory .

.

47

Tankardstown

192

313

Rathbane .

149

Tawnaghe (Tuath)

6

Rathbreasail Synod . ,

■■5

125

Templeglantine .

.

274

Rathcahill .

192

Tinnakilla .

21

Rathgarellein

129

Tirvoe

186

Rathgalway

329

Thomas. Earl of Desmond

320

Rathfreeda

169

Thomond, John .

164

Rathkeale . . . i

33

- 134

Tithes

283

Manor . i

72

, 220

Toomdeely

Ill

140

Rathneconyr

163

Tobbernea Manor

174

231

Rathronan . . 160, 1

32

296

Tolauhariter

158

Rathmichel

149

Tournafnlla

55

Rathnaser . . . i

29

- 17^

Towers (Round)

127

Rathurd . . 18, i

24

149

Treda-na-righ

18

Reboge

149

Treaninoregney .

8

Red Chair .

69

Trinitarian Abbey. Adare

362

Rental of Connello, divisions

of 32i!

Trostany Church ,

266

Reenes

171

Tullabracy

116

144.

Richard I. (King)

87

190, 199, 211, 285,

287

288

Robert of Emly (Bishc

P)

139

Inquisition of

288

468

DIOCESE OF LIMERICK.

PAGE

PAGE

Tuath

I

Wall, Nicholas .

• 309

Tullylease Church

97

Raymond .

i?9

Tyrell, Vicar of Ad are

• 132

Stephen (Bishop)

. 207

Richard

r 162

Uregare

. 192

Waspail, Robert .

134. 172

Ui Rosa

14

Wells, see Holy Wells.

Uirgedi

. :92

White Knight

. 217

Wirigedi .

• 177

Valence, Agnes

. 166

Wodeford, William (Dean)

• 132

Valoignes, Hanio

87. 89

NOTES AND CORRECTIONS.

CHAPTER III.

Carn Feradaigh.
Mr. Thomas J. Westropp, in his recent pubUcation The Ancient
Castles of the County Limerick (North-eastern baronies), equates
Carn Feradaigh with Cahernarry, on the authority of a MS. called
the Rental of the Burkes, preserved in Trinity College, and compiled
about the year a.d 1540, which confirms my identification of Carn
Feradaigh.

CHAPTER IV.

Wherever Cuimen of Down occurs, should be Cuimin of Connor.
(See Martyrology of Tallaght.)

CHAPTER V.

Page 66, line 6, Niall Son Cennfaeladh, should be Niall, son of
Cennfaeladh.

The quotation in middle of page 77 is taken from Mahoney's
edition of Keating's History of Ireland, and not from^the Chromcon
Scotorum as there marked. The Chronicon is quoted for fixing the year
of Gillebert's death, and should have been note i in the next page.

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Tractatus de Actibus Humanis. By His Grace

the Most Rev. Dr. WALSH, Archbishop of Dublin.
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De Probabilismo, Dissertatio quam, cum Subjectis
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Retreat to Serve as a preparation for

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" An excellent and important work." — Irish Monthly.

" Amongst the hymns we notice many beautiful ones which
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" The members of the congregation, the conductor, and the
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Songs of Sion. By Sister MARY STANISLAUS
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Maynooth Centenary Record, a Record of the

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Memoir of the Venerable Oliver Plunket,

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Church History of Ireland. From the Anglo-
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From the Analecta Juris Fontificii. Translated
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